探讨心肌酶谱检测在轮状病毒（RV）引起的小儿腹泻中的应用价值

目的探究了轮状病毒(RV)导致的小儿腹泻中应用心肌酶谱检测的临床效果。方法纳入本院2015年4月至2017年8月收治的171例小儿腹泻患者,并根据病因的不同分为两组,对照组56例患儿为非RV感染,观察组115例患儿为RV感染。统计两组患儿心肌酶谱异常情况、RV感染患儿心肌酶谱水平以及物理诊断异常情况。结果两组患儿天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶与肌酸激酶异常率的对比(P>0.05);观察组患儿肌酸激酶同工酶、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶异常率明显比对照组高(P<0.05);观察组患儿天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶以及乳酸脱氢酶水平均高于对照组,(P<0.05);两组患者在精神乏力、严重心律失常以及心脏轻度扩大物理诊断异常率方面的对比(P>0.05);观察组患儿在T波压低、ST段改变物理诊断异常率明显高于对照组,(P<0.05)。结论 RV腹泻患儿心肌酶谱显著异常,心肌酶谱检测可对其早期诊断与治疗提供有利条件。     

小儿手足口病心肌酶谱检测及临床价值分析

目的：探讨检测心肌酶谱的变化对小儿手足口病的临床价值。方法选择我院收治的手足口病患儿208例作为观察组（普通型172例、重型36例）,另外,同期选择149例健康儿童作为对照组。检测2组心肌酶谱水平并进行分析比较。结果观察组血清CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST的水平均明显高于对照组、异常人数亦多于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论心肌酶谱检测可作为小儿手足口病临床诊断有价值的实验室检测参考指标之一,并具有积极意义。     

手足口病患儿心肌酶谱检测及心电图分析

目的 探讨手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)合并心肌损害的患儿心肌酶谱和心电图的变化,以便在诊治过程中采取综合措施.方法 选取本院儿科住院的40例HFMD患儿为观察组,另以40例健康儿童为对照组,常规行心肌酶谱及心电图检查,观察治疗前后心肌酶谱学及心电图的变化及临床转归.结果 HFMD患儿与正常小儿比较心肌酶谱明显升高(P＜0.01),HFMD患儿心电图异常率为52.5％.结论 部分HFMD患儿伴发心肌损害时,心肌酶谱明显升高,心电图出现异常改变.早期进行心肌酶谱和心电图等检测,有助于HFMD患儿心肌损害的早期诊断和治疗.     

手足口病患儿心肌酶谱检测及其临床意义

目的探讨小儿手足口病患儿心肌酶谱的变化及临床意义。方法收集潍坊市人民院120例手足口病住院患儿(普通病例60例,重症病例60例),检测空腹状态下谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),同时检测60例健康儿童作为对照。结果手足口病患儿观察组与健康对照组比较心肌酶谱各指标具有显著性差异(P<0.05),重症病例组与普通病例组比较心肌酶谱各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手足口病患儿观察组心肌酶谱异常率分别为AST 26.7%、CK 30.0%、CK-MB 28.3%、α-HBDH 90.8%、LDH 84.2%。结论手足口病患儿心肌容易受到侵害,应该重视手足口病患儿的心肌酶谱检测并及时应用营养心肌药物,防止并发症。     

手足口病患儿血清心肌酶谱检测的临床意义

目的 探讨手足口病(HFMD)患儿血清中心肌酶谱变化的临床意义.方法 将98例手足口病患儿作为观察组,另选健康体检儿童20例作为对照组.检测2组患儿空腹血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB).结果 观察组患儿心肌酶谱异常率分别为AST 28.0%、LDH 72 8%、CK 43.8%、CK-MB 38.6%,其含量均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 测定血清心肌酶谱能及时了解手足口病患儿心肌损害程度,对临床诊治及预后判断具有重要意义.     

手足口病患儿血清心肌酶谱检测的临床意义

目的探讨手足口病(HFMD)患儿血清中心肌酶谱变化的临床意义。方法将98例手足口病患儿作为观察组,另选健康体检儿童20例作为对照组。检测2组患儿空腹血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)。结果观察组患儿心肌酶谱异常率分别为AST28.0%、LDH72.8%、CK43.8%、CK-MB38.6%,其含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论测定血清心肌酶谱能及时了解手足口病患儿心肌损害程度,对临床诊治及预后判断具有重要意义。     

轮状病毒性肠炎患儿血清心肌酶谱测定的临床意义

目的探讨轮状病毒性肠炎患儿血清心肌酶谱的改变及其临床意义。方法选择本院70例轮状病毒性肠炎患儿作为观察组,另选择同期70例非轮状病毒性肠炎患儿作为对照组。检测并比较2组治疗前、后的心肌酶谱[天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)]变化。结果观察组急性期心肌酶谱指标(AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB、α-HBDH)测定值高于对照组,且随着脱水程度的加重,其心肌酶谱呈升高趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论轮状病毒感染对心肌有不同程度的损害,早期进行心肌酶谱检测,并动态观察其变化,可及早发现心肌损害,指导临床治疗。     

心肌酶谱分析对小儿过敏性紫癜的临床意义

目的探讨分析心肌酶谱与小儿过敏性紫癜之间的关系并及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析我院收治的152例小儿过敏性紫癜患儿的临床资料,依据入院时的临床症状分为混合型组(93例)和单纯型组(59例),比较两组患儿的单项心肌酶谱的升高人数及心肌酶谱检测结果。结果两组患儿心肌酶谱升高共计88例,其中混合型59例(67.05%),单纯性29例(22.95%);混合型组CK-MB的升高人数和检查结果均明显高于的单纯性组的(均P<0.01)。结论混合型组和单纯型组的过敏性紫癜患儿的心肌酶均有一定变化,混合型组过敏性紫癜患儿的心脏更易遭受损伤,应引起临床医师的高度重视。     

轮状病毒肠炎致患儿心肌损害的临床研究

目的探讨轮状病毒肠炎对患儿心肌损害的临床特点。方法将76例粪便轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)抗原阳性患儿作为观察组,将同期住院的RV抗原阴性的72例肠炎患儿作对照组,将两组的心肌酶谱、心电图及超声心动图结果进行对比分析。结果轮状病毒肠炎组患儿心肌酶谱各指标明显高于非轮状病毒肠炎组(P<0.01),心电图异常率也明显高于对照组(P<0.01);超声心动图所测左心室射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)两组之间无明显差异。结论轮状病毒肠炎较非轮状病毒肠炎更容易出现心肌损害。通过检测患儿心肌酶谱、心电图和超声心动图等指标,动态观察其变化,对轮状病毒所致心肌损害的早期诊断及治疗有重要的临床意义。     

支气管肺炎患儿血清心肌酶检测及临床价值

目的研究支气管肺炎患儿血清心肌酶水平及其临床价值。方法收集在笔者所在医院就诊的100例支气管肺炎患儿作为观察组和同期的健康体检儿童作为对照组,检测心肌酶谱水平。结果观察组CK、CK-MB、LDH、AST的水平均明显高于对照组、异常人数也多于对照组。结论心肌酶谱检测对于小儿支气管肺炎的诊断具有积极意义。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.