下行性坏死性纵隔炎的临床诊断与治疗

目的探讨下行性坏死性纵隔炎(DNM)患者的临床诊断和治疗,为临床提高该病的早期诊断率和治愈率提供依据。方法回顾分析2006~2009年第四军医大学唐都医院诊治的8例DNM患者的临床资料,其中男7例,女1例;中位年龄49.5(21~98)岁。依据患者临床表现,颈、胸部CT扫描特征和分泌物细菌培养结果确诊。其中牙源性感染6例,合并糖尿病6例。治疗方法包括积极抗感染和手术切开引流等。本组患者仅行颈部切开、引流术2例,开胸手术5例,胸腔镜手术1例。结果痊愈6例,死亡2例,其中1例死于心功能衰竭,1例死于颈部血管破裂出血。细菌培养混合感染者6例,其中需氧菌和厌氧菌混合感染者4例。手术时间平均75.6 min,术中平均引流脓液量318.7 ml,平均住院时间18 d。6例生存患者随访6个月,生活质量提高。结论患者病史、症状和体征,颈、胸部CT检查和分泌物细菌培养是确诊DNM的有效方法。早期、足量应用广谱抗生素,根据CT分型采取个体化的切开引流,有效处理糖尿病等合并症和支持治疗是降低病死率的有效手段。     

下行性坏死性纵隔炎的治疗

下行性坏死性纵隔炎临床经过严重,病死率极高。1985年1月至2000年6月我们收治了18下行性坏死性纵隔炎病人,现报告如下。     

下行性坏死性纵隔炎的诊断与治疗

目的探讨下行性坏死性纵隔炎(DNM)的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1988年1月至2009年12月青岛大学医学院附属医院收治11例DNM患者的临床资料,其中男8例,女3例;年龄25～71(55±3)岁。早期收治的患者外科治疗采用颈部清创、引流,或经颈部纵隔引流;后期收治的患者采用颈、胸部同期清创、引流及术后冲洗。结果行单纯颈部清创、引流及经颈部纵隔引流的7例患者中死亡4例,均死于严重纵隔感染导致多器官功能衰竭,3例生存患者均为感染尚未侵犯下纵隔和胸腔;行颈、胸部清创、引流和冲洗的4例患者全部治愈。随访7例,随访时间3个月,患者恢复良好。结论 DNM病情凶险,一旦发病迅速进展为脓毒血症,甚至死亡。重视口咽部和颈部感染患者的胸部症状、体征变化,及时行胸部CT检查是尽早诊断DNM的关键。尽早进行颈、胸部彻底清创、充分引流及有效冲洗是治疗DNM成功的关键。     

下行性坏死性纵隔炎3例

下行性坏死性纵隔炎(DNM)是指由牙源性感染及咽部的化脓性炎症经颈部筋膜间隙下行引起的纵隔化脓性炎症。本病罕见，发展迅速，病情危重，死亡率高，是一种极严重的胸部感染。     

急性感染性纵隔炎的诊断和治疗（25例报告）

１９８０年１月～１９９１年１２月我们治疗２５例急性感染性纵隔炎，包括食管、气管穿孔后１１例，食管手术后８例，胸骨劈开心脏手术后５例，胸部外伤感染蔓延者１例。诊断要注重食管外伤和手术史。Ｘ线胸片和食管造影对诊断和治疗有重要意义。本组治愈率６０％，成功的关键是去除原发病因和进行有效的纵隔引流。     

下行性坏死性纵隔炎的诊断与治疗

下行性坏死性纵隔炎(decending necrotizing mediastinitis,DNM)[1]是口咽颈部感染下行引起的纵隔化脓症,以牙源性发病占多数.临床发病率低,但病死率高.1990年1月至2007年8月我们共诊治12例DNM病人.现总结报道如下.     

急性坏死性筋膜炎的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨急性坏死性筋膜炎的诊断与治疗方法。方法 回顾分析5例坏死性筋膜炎病人的诊治经过。结果 5例病人3例经过穿刺确诊及时行广泛切开引流获痊愈,2例未能及时明确诊断,未行广泛切开引流而死亡。结论 局部穿刺检查对确立诊断有重要帮助,早期行广泛切开引流是治疗成功的关键。     

下行性坏死性纵隔炎

作者报告1975～1981年因口咽部感染所致之下行性坏死性纵隔炎10例.病变起源于口咽部牙源性感染,尤其以下颌第2、3磨牙病变为最多.常为多种微生物感染,其中以厌氧菌为主要致病菌.10例中4例死于败血症,均经颈路试行纵隔引流术,其中2例再经胸行纵隔、胸膜腔及心包腔清创,引流,终因已有不可逆性多个脏器损害而死亡;1例因败血症休克死于术中;第4例为左胸腔大量出血,死后检查为硬质引流管侵蚀无名静脉致裂伤出血.1960～1980年文献共报道过此症21例,其病因为:牙源性感染11例,咽后脓肿5例,扁桃体周围脓肿2例,咽部非特异性感染2例;Ludwig咽峡炎1例.其中9例死亡.     

急性坏死性纵隔炎176例临床特征及转归的回顾性队列研究

目的 分析急性坏死性纵隔炎临床特征、诊断和治疗转归,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法 回顾性分析四川大学华西医院2012年3月—2021年4月期间收治的急性坏死性纵隔炎患者的临床资料,包括病因、临床表现、影像学资料、病原学结果、手术方式及转归,分析其发病特点、临床诊疗方法及预后因素。结果 共纳入176例患者,中位年龄60(0～84)岁,男124例、女52例。最常见的感染来自颈部（66例,37.5%）,最常见的临床表现是发热（85例,48.3%）,脓液培养中以星座链球菌最常见（23例,13.1%）。本组患者中119例（67.6%）接受手术治疗,单纯颈部入路54例（30.7%）、单纯胸部入路27例（15.3%）[开胸9例（5.1%）、胸腔镜18例（10.2%）]、颈部+胸部入路37例（21.0%）[开胸7例（4.0%）、胸腔镜30例（17.0%）]、剑突下入路1例（0.6%）。176例患者中治愈出院144例（81.8%）,死亡32例（18.1%）。多因素分析显示年龄调整后Charlson合并症指数（OR=2.95,P=0.022）、围术期存在脓毒症（OR=2.84,P=0.024）、未行外科手术引...     

The Surgical Approach for Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis: Report of Two Cases

(Received for publication on Aug. 8, 1997; accepted on Mar. 10, 1998)     

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis as a complication of odontogenic infection

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a serious, life threatening complication that can occur from a common odontogenic infection. Even with advancements in antibiotics, diagnostic imaging, and surgical management, the mortality rate remains between 20 and 40%. It is imperative that the practitioner taking care of patients with odontogenic infections be sensitized to this potentially fatal complication. We report the successful management of a case of mediastinitis complicating an odontogenic infection in a 39-year-old male.     

Successful video-thoracoscopic drainage for descending necrotizing mediastinitis

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a rare but severe disease with a high mortality rate. We report a case of a 77-year-old woman with DNM who was treated using video-thoracoscopic drainage and a Blake drain. She was admitted to our hospital with a 3-day history of a sore throat. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a peritonsillar abscess descending into the anterior and posterior mediastinum below the carina. She was diagnosed with DNM, and emergency surgery was performed. The mediastinal abscess was drained via video-thoracoscopy, and a 24F Blake drain was inserted into the mediastinum. Following mediastinal drainage, cervical drainage was performed for treatment of the retropharyngeal abscess. The outcome of videothoracoscopic mediastinal drainage was satisfactory, and no further invasive treatment was required. We believe that video-thoracoscopic mediastinal drainage is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for DNM with subcarinal spread. Blake drains are useful for mediastinal drainage.     

Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis: Surgical Treatment Via Clamshell Approach

Background. Descending necrotizing mediastinitis requires an early and aggressive surgical approach to reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. The clamshell incision has provided excellent exposure of the entire mediastinum and both pleural cavities and was assessed in patients suffering from descending necrotizing mediastinitis.

Methods. Three patients with descending necrotizing mediastinitis and bilateral pleural empyema due to invasive streptococcal infections were operated on with this method. Radical debridement of the mediastinum and bilateral decortication was performed through a clamshell incision, including pericardiectomy in 2 patients. All patients received initially a high dose of antibiotic regimen, 2 had bilateral chest tube drainage, and 1 had mediastinal drainage and pleural debridement via cervical mediastinotomy and thoracoscopy, respectively. All these measures alone, however, failed to control the disease.

Results. The clamshell incision offered an excellent exposure for bilateral decortication and debridement of the entire mediastinum including pericardiectomy. One patient, who was referred in critically ill condition, died of multiorgan failure in the postoperative period. The remaining 2 patients recovered without further interventions and without evidence of phrenic nerve palsy, sternum osteomyelitis, or sternal override.

Conclusions. The clamshell approach offers an excellent exposure for a complete one-stage surgical treatment with mediastinal debridement and bilateral decortication in patients suffering from descending necrotizing mediastinitis in the absence of profound septic shock.     

Successful Minimally Invasive Emergency Surgery for Descending Necrotising Mediastinitis

We present a case of descending necrotising mediastinitis in a healthy young patient, complicated by pneumonia of the right inferior lobe of the lung with parapneumonic effusions. We describe a successful outcome following adequate antibiotics, effective surgical drainage by thoracoscopy and parasternotomy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.     

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis secondary to retropharyngeal abscess without cervical spread

Cervical infections can cause neck phlegmonosa and occasionally develop lethal mediastinitis. We report a 52-year-old man with a retropharyngeal abscess causing descending mediastinis without cervical spread. Thoracoscopic drainage without cervicotomy was successful. Deep neck infections causing a descending mediastinitis should be considered in patients even without an abnormal neck appearance.     

Acute Mediastinitis – Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Surgical Therapy (A Single-Center Experience)

Purpose: The aims of this work were the retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients with acute mediastinitis treated at the authors’ worksite over a 15-year period and the identification of factors that significantly affect the outcomes of the therapy.Methods: During the period 2006–2020, 80 patients with acute mediastinitis were treated. Within the cohort, the following were observed: the causes and the type of acute mediastinitis, length of anamnesis, comorbidities, diagnostic methods, time from the diagnosis to surgery, types and number of surgical procedures, results of microbiological tests, complications, and outcomes of the treatment.Results: The most common type of acute mediastinitis was descending mediastinitis (48.75%). A total of 116 surgical procedures were performed. Ten patients in the cohort died (12.5%). Patients older than 60 years were at a 6.8 times higher risk of death. Patients with more than two comorbidities were at a 14.3 times higher risk of death. The presence of yeasts in the culture material increased the risk of death by 4.4 times.Conclusion: Early diagnosis, removal of the cause of mediastinitis, sufficient mediastinal debridement, and multiple drainage thereof with the possibility of continual postoperative lavage are essential for the successful treatment of acute mediastinitis.