实时三维超声心动图在室间隔缺损诊断中的应用

目的 探讨实时三维超声心动图在室间隔缺损诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 对5例室间隔缺损患者分别进行二维和实时三维超声检查。其中3例为膜部室间隔缺损，1例为膜周部室间隔缺损，1例为干下室间隔缺损。结果 实时三维超声心动图能清晰显示室间隔缺损的形态、部位以及毗邻关系。结论 与二维超声心动图比较，实时三维超声心动图反映了室间隔缺损的立体空间结构。与以往三维重建超声相比，实时三维超声可迅速得到室间隔缺损的三维图像。     

超声心动图诊断急性心肌梗死并室间隔穿孔1例

患者男,47岁,因"心前区疼痛2h"就诊。查体:血压130/100 mm-Hg,心浊音界正常,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。行溶栓治疗后,症状无明显缓解。心电图示广泛前壁、下壁急性心肌梗死,遂予以维持血压治疗。住院第7日患者症状明显加重,第9日超声心动图检查示全心增大,以左心房、左心室增大明显,心尖四腔切面显示左心室中部横径5.3cm,心尖段横径     

Myocardial infarct in rheumatic mitral valve defects

Analysis of the clinical and autopsy findings has shown that rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in persons who died from myocardial infarction is an extreme rarity (0.8%). It has been discovered that extensive transmural myocardial infarction in RHD only occurs in association with coronary heart disease (CHD) because of coronary atherosclerosis and that it is conditioned by CHD rather than by rheumatic process. For that reason myocardial infarction is characterized by the common clinico-electrocardiographic picture.     

Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defects

Isolated ventricular septal defect is the most common form of congenital heart disease. Surgery has been performed for many years and is considered the gold standard for the treatment of ventricular septal defects. However, it is associated with morbidity and mortality. Less invasive techniques have been developed and currently percutaneous closure of muscular and perimembranous ventricular septal defects has to be considered a possible alternative to the standard surgical approach.     

Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defects

Isolated ventricular septal defect is the most common form of congenital heart disease. Surgery has been performed for many years and is considered the gold standard for the treatment of ventricular septal defects. However, it is associated with morbidity and mortality. Less invasive techniques have been developed and currently percutaneous closure of muscular and perimembranous ventricular septal defects has to be considered a possible alternative to the standard surgical approach.     

Prenatal diagnosis of atrial septal aneurysm

We report the prenatal diagnosis of fetal atrial septal aneurysm based on the observation of a fluttering flap in the left atrium. The aneurysm was associated with an interatrial communication. In a 4-chamber view, separate arms of the aneurysm could be seen contracting in and extending out in response to the fetal cardiac cycle, giving the fluttering appearance of a jellyfish. The aneurysm disappeared 1 month after birth with no complications. The findings in this case indicate that isolated atrial septal aneurysm is a natural transient phase of spontaneous closure of the foramen ovale during normal fetal development.     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects

The isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital cardiac malformations. Although surgery has been performed and has a low associated risk, it still involves morbidity due to factors such as residual leaks, atrioventricular block, postpericardiotomy syndrome and arrhythmias. It has been speculated that percutaneous closure of these defects could minimize such complications. Recently, a device designed specifically for perimembranous ventricular septal defect closure, the Amplatzer membranous ventricular septal defect occluder, has been developed. Initial clinical experience with this device has been very encouraging with results showing a high rate of complete closure and a low incidence of complications at mid-term follow-up. In this article, the authors review their own and others’ experience with this device.     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects

The isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital cardiac malformations. Although surgery has been performed and has a low associated risk, it still involves morbidity due to factors such as residual leaks, atrioventricular block, postpericardiotomy syndrome and arrhythmias. It has been speculated that percutaneous closure of these defects could minimize such complications. Recently, a device designed specifically for perimembranous ventricular septal defect closure, the Amplatzer membranous ventricular septal defect occluder, has been developed. Initial clinical experience with this device has been very encouraging with results showing a high rate of complete closure and a low incidence of complications at mid-term follow-up. In this article, the authors review their own and others' experience with this device.     

经导管室间隔缺损封堵术患者的护理

为了总结Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗室间隔缺损(VSD)患者的护理及预防并发症的方法,对18例接受介入治疗的VSD患者进行回顾性分析,并针对各自的并发症实施相应护理.结果18例患者介入治疗技术成功率100%,术后1例发生血肿及腓肠静脉血栓,1例发生传导阻滞,经治疗护理均痊愈.认为准确的术前决策,充分的术前准备,积极的术中、术后监护处理,对保证患者手术顺利、预防或减少并发症发生有重要意义.     

超声诊断乏式窦瘤破裂伴室间隔缺损1例

患者女,45岁,2年前出现活动后心累,1个月前症状加重,自诉口唇稍发绀,无胸闷、胸痛。体格检查:颈静脉无怒张,心率75次/min,心界稍向左下扩大,于胸骨左缘第三、四肋间闻及Ⅳ级全收缩期连续性杂音伴震颤。经胸超声心动图检查:左室及双房内径均增大;室间隔上份(紧邻主动脉瓣右冠瓣,大动脉短轴约11点)可探及连续性回声中断,宽约3 mm。右冠窦窦壁呈“囊袋”状凸入右室流出道,顶端破口约5 mm(图1),Sakakibara分类Ⅱ型;CDFI及频谱多普勒示右冠窦血流分流入右室流出道,分流信号为双期连续性;室间隔回声中断处探及收缩期左向右血流信号,伴少量三尖瓣反流及二尖瓣轻度脱垂(图2,3)。     

室间隔缺损合并主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗

目的:总结室间隔缺损合并主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗经验。方法:29例室间隔缺损合并主动脉窦瘤破裂的患者均在全麻低温体外循环下行室间隔缺损及窦瘤修复术,同时纠治心内合并畸形。结果:本组无手术死亡病例,随访3个月～6年,未发现室间隔缺损及窦瘤残余分流或窦瘤破裂复发。3例出现主动脉瓣轻度或中度反流。1例行主动脉瓣置换术患者术后1年因瓣周漏再次手术。结论:室间隔缺损合并主动脉窦瘤破裂一经诊断明确,应尽早手术治疗,术中精确修复,加强心肌保护,同期彻底矫治合并心内畸形可获满意疗效。     

Concomitant ventricular septal rupture and interventricular septal aneurysm in neglected inferior myocardial infarction misdiagnosed with congenital ventricular septal defect: A case report

This study emphasizes that VSD should not be immediately diagnosed as a congenital disorder; instead, regional wall motion abnormalities in the left ventricle should also be taken into account since it may result from mechanical complications of neglected myocardial infarction.