皮肤袖套膀胱粘膜尿道成形术治疗重型尿道下裂

我科2000年8月～2001年1月对已作阴茎下曲矫正的重型尿道下裂患儿采用皮肤袖套膀胱粘膜尿道成形术(简称皮袖粘膜法)治疗，全部成功，介绍如下。1资料与方法患儿共7例，年龄4～8岁。阴茎下曲均已得到较好的矫正，尿道短缺4.5～7.5 cm。尿道成形术的手术操作步骤：①在阴茎头下约0.8 cm阴茎腹面正中作纵形切开，深达白膜浅面，并向中线两侧解剖形成0.6 cm宽的深槽，然后顺延切口环形切开固有尿道口皮肤，并游离出约0.4 cm的尿道口，修整成斜面。②靠阴茎头处用小弯钳穿过皮桥下经阴茎头尿道原凹处穿出，并锐性解剖将隧道扩宽至约0.8 cm。皮桥…     

膀胱粘膜尿道成形术后尿道护理的改进

膀胱粘膜尿道成形术后尿道护理的改进福建省泉州市第一医院郭丽芬，苏仲宁，王丽华尿瘘和尿道口狭窄是先天性尿道下裂尿道成形术后最常见的并发症，多因尿道内分泌物不能及时排出引起感染所致。因此，成形术后尿道的护理对手术成败至关重要。我院自１９８６～１９９３年，...     

二期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术治疗重型尿道下裂的评价

目的：对膀胱黏膜尿道成形术治疗重型尿道下裂的一期或二期手术疗效进行分析与评价。方法：对1998年1月～2007年10月采用一期或二期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术进行治疗的33例重型尿道下裂进行对照回顾分析。结果：一期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术18例,一次成功率55．6％（10／18）,尿瘘发生率27．8％（5／18）,外口狭窄发生率16．7％（3／18）;二期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术15例,一次成功率66．7％（10／15）,尿瘘发生率13．3％（2／15）,外口狭窄发生率20．0％（3／15）。结论：结合临床观察及相关数据,二期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术在重型尿道下裂的治疗中似具有一定的优势,但尚需继续积累病例,通过有效的统计学分析进一步确证这一推论。     

膀胱粘膜法一期尿道下裂修复术26例体会

对26例阴茎阴囊型、阴囊型先天性尿道下裂患行膀胱粘膜法一期尿道下裂修复术，全部病例排尿通畅，无尿瘘发生。此术式成功率高，外形效果良好。     

尿道下裂术后严重并发症的治疗——膀胱黏膜尿道成形术

目的 利用膀胱黏膜行尿道成形术治疗先天性尿道下裂术后严重并发症的疗效。方法将严重狭窄和无法修补的尿瘘瘢痕组织彻底清除，膀胱黏膜成新尿道。结果 16例中，15例治愈，1例小尿瘘作尿道修补治疗。结论 用膀胱黏膜移植尿道成形术治疗各种类型先天性尿道下裂严重并发症，疗效好。     

舌黏膜尿道成形术治疗复杂性尿道下裂

目的 总结21例舌黏膜尿道成形术治疗复杂性尿道下裂的经验与体会.方法 根据阴茎局部尿道皮肤和尿道缺损的程度,以及阴茎腹侧既往手术后瘢痕、阴茎皮肤张力情况,切取口腔舌黏膜游离皮瓣,宽1.5～2.0 cm、长2～9 cm,2010年11月至2011年10月临床应用21例,其中舌黏膜嵌入式即Dorsal inlay术式16例,舌黏膜管状法即Tube术式5例(其中Tube+ Duply术式2例),术后定期进行随访并进行尿流率检测观察排尿情况.结果 术后随访3～12个月,21例患者的舌黏膜游离皮瓣均存活,术后排尿通畅、尿线粗、无尿瘘、外形良好及尿流率测定正常者13例,占61.9％ (13/21)；并发症为尿瘘3例、尿道狭窄5例,占38.1％(8/21).舌供皮区均一期愈合,且未出现出血、麻木、舌活动受限、发声异常及味觉改变等.结论 舌黏膜尿道成形术是治疗复杂性尿道下裂较理想的术式,但Tube术式易发生尿道狭窄,应早期发现及定期尿道扩张；Dorsal inlay术式术后并发症发生率较低且效果良好,可优先考虑此术式.     

游离包皮内板或膀胱粘膜治疗尿道下裂(附56例报告)

目的：介绍采用游离包皮内板或膀胱粘膜治疗尿道下裂的方法及效果。方法：对56例尿道下裂患儿根据尿道缺损长度不同，42例采用包皮内板，14例采用膀胱粘膜行尿道成形术。结果：56例中一次手术成功49例（87.5%），7例尿瘘（12.5%），其中1例小尿瘘自行愈合，另6例分别于术后3个月行尿瘘修补术治愈，随访6个月－3年，疗效满意。结论：游离包皮内板或膀胱粘膜可以治疗各种类型尿道下裂，效果良好。     

膀胱粘膜移植治疗长段尿道狭窄

本文报告作者１９８４年１０月至１９９３年１０月为１２例长段尿道狭窄（５例为前尿道狭窄，７例为后尿道狭窄）患者施行膀胱粘膜尿道一期成形术。治愈１０例，好转２例。随访半年至９年无特殊。     

颊黏膜在修复尿道下裂应用中的探讨

目的：探讨尿道下裂中应用颊粘膜进行尿道重建的可行性。方法：从2008年2月～2009年4月,我们在Snodgrass尿道成形术基础上,通过将游离的自体颊黏膜瓣形成新尿道镶嵌于劈开的＂尿道板＂的方法对2例阴茎型尿道下裂病例进行手术治疗并评价其效果。结果：病例术后均无明显的尿道狭窄和尿瘘发生,无尿道憩室形成和尿道口黏膜增生外翻。结论：自体颊粘膜作为尿道替代材料用于尿道下裂分期成形术是可行的。     

Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for proximal hypospadias

OBJECTIVES: Numerous surgical procedures have been used to correct distal hypospadias. Among them, the tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (Snodgrass procedure) has become a mainstay for the repair of distal hypospadias. We applied the procedure to proximal hypospadias. METHODS: Three patients with proximal hypospadias underwent a tubularized incised urethral plate urethroplasty. The location of the meatus was proximal penis in one, penoscrotal margin in one and scrotum in one. A perimeatal incision was made and the two paramedian incisions were extended to the tip of the glans. The skin of the penile shaft was dissected free to the penoscrotal junction and bands of fibrous tissue were excised until the corpus spongiosum proximal to the meatus was completely exposed inside the scrotum. The urethral plate was then incised in its midline from the tip of the glans to the hypospadiac meatus and was tubularized without tension. The neourethra was covered with a pedicle of subcutaneous tissue dissected from the dorsal skin or the scrotal skin to avoid fistula formation. RESULTS: The tubularized incised urethral plate urethroplasty was carried out successfully in one stage on three patients with proximal hypospadias. CONCLUSIONS: The Snodgrass procedure is suitable for correcting hypospadias in patients with a healthy urethral plate. It is also suitable in patients with proximal hypospadias.     

Marzouk skin tag two-stage urethroplasty for the repair of complex cases of hypospadias

BACKGROUND: Cases of hypospadias with severe chordee and deficient skin, as well as those for re-do hypospadias or fistula repair, are considered complex cases. Depending on the degree of complexity of the defect, a two-stage procedure may still be advisable. The present paper describes the so-called Marzouk skin tag urethroplasty as a new two-stage procedure advisable for use in such difficult cases. METHODS: The Marzouk skin tag urethroplasty procedure was performed on 16 complex cases. The first stage consists of urethral mobilization plus the double-buttonhole procedure (designed by the author) to form a midline ventral skin tag proximal to an advanced hypospadiac orifice. This skin tag is fashioned, 6 months later, by the author's special techniques (type I in 12 patients and type II in four patients) to form the neourethral tube and its coverage with minimal dissection. RESULTS: The operation resulted in a straight penis with neomeatus at the glans top in all 16 cases without significant complications. Both type I and II procedures give good functional results. The type I procedure has a superior cosmetic result. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 8 months. CONCLUSIONS: The double-buttonhole modification can solve the problem of deficient skin and simplify a safe second-stage procedure. The Marzouk skin tag operation (types I and II) can be an additional option to be used when indicated.     

Tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty for secondary hypospadias surgery

PURPOSE: Reoperation for failed hypospadias has been considered to be seriously bothersome because abundant penile skin does not tend to remain for urethroplasty or for penile shaft skin coverage. In this study, the tubularization of incised urethral plate was employed for those who had no excessive penile skin after failure of hypospadias repair. METHODS: Five patients with hypospadias underwent tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty as salvage surgery. The surgical techniques necessary for the performance of the reoperation were not different from those for the primary repair. The urethral plate was incised sufficiently deeply in its midline from the tip of the glans to the regressed meatus. The incised urethral plate was tubularized without tension over a catheter of an appropriate size. RESULTS: Four of those who underwent secondary tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty were successfully repaired without complications. A urethrocutaneous fistula occurred at the corona in the remaining patient. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of preputial skin in reoperative cases makes tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty the ideal option, although the series was small and postoperative duration is still short. In addition, this procedure can give excellent functional and cosmetic results even in patients who require revisional hypospadias surgery.     

后型尿道下裂二期膀胱黏膜半管状重建尿道术的临床研究

目的探讨采用二期膀胱黏膜半管状重建尿道术治疗后型尿道下裂的临床研究。方法81例后型尿道下裂病例采用二期手术：一期手术将阴茎海绵体完全伸直,阴茎包皮内板和背侧皮肤预置于阴茎腹侧;二期手术采用半管状阴茎阴囊皮肤＋半管状膀胱黏膜成形尿道术。结果81例后型尿道下裂患者矫形后形态几乎接近正常。手术成功率为86．4％（70／81）,尿瘘发生率为13．6％（11／81）,8例（9．9％,8／81）发生尿道狭窄,经尿道扩张治疗后痊愈。结论二期膀胱黏膜半管状重建尿道术治疗后型尿道下裂的手术成功率较高,值得临床推荐。     

Primary and salvage urethroplasty using Mathieu meatal-based flip-flap technique for distal hypospadias

BACKGROUND: Numerous surgical procedures have been attempted for correction of distal hypospadias. The Mathieu procedure was employed in this study for secondary cases as well as primary cases. METHODS: The length of the skin flap is determined by measuring the distance from the meatus to the glans tip and then the ventral meatal-based skin flap is incised. The proximal skin flap is flipped and anastomosed to the distal urethral plate. Additionally, subcutaneous tissue of the flipped flap is sutured to cover the original suture lines completely. RESULTS: The Mathieu urethroplasty was successful in one stage in 13 of the 16 primary repair cases (81%). Twelve of the 13 (92%) who underwent a secondary Mathieu procedure were successfully repaired with no problems. An overall success rate of 86% was achieved at the first operation for both primary and secondary cases. In the remaining 14% of the cases, success was achieved with only one additional procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The Mathieu flip-flap procedure is feasible for relatively short urethral defects if the ventral penile skin demonstrates adequate mobility and there is no chordee. Even in patients who require revisional hypospadias surgery, the Mathieu procedure can give excellent functional and cosmetic results.     

Combined Mathieu and Snodgrass urethroplasty for hypospadias repair: A prospective randomized study

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of combined Mathieu and Snodgrass urethroplasty for distal hypospadias repair and to compare them with the two techniques separately. Methods: Between January 2006 and February 2009, patients with distal hypospadias were prospectively randomized to undergo one of the three following urethroplasty techniques: Mathieu urethroplasty, Snodgrass urethroplasty or a combination of the two. Operative time, intraoperative, early and late postoperative complications were reported for each procedure. Results: 101 patients were included in this study. The Mathieu technique was used for 30 patients, Snodgrass repair was carried out in 37 patients and 34 patients underwent the combined technique. Operative time ranged from 43 to 120 min. Eight patients developed urethrocutaneous fistulae. Meatal stenosis was encountered in five cases. Thirty‐seven patients had rounded meatus, while a slit‐like urethral opening was found in 64 cases. Conclusions: In our hands, the combined Mathieu and Snodgrass urethroplasty technique provided a better cosmetic outcome than the Mathieu technique with no incidence of meatal stenosis as seen with the Snodgrass technique.     

尿道板纵切在远端型尿道下裂选择Mathieu术式中的应用

目的:比较尿道板纵切联合尿道口基底血管皮瓣法(Mathieu)与尿道板纵切卷管法(TIP)治疗远端型尿道下裂疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年8月至2019年1月72例远端型尿道下裂临床资料,21例行尿道板纵切联合Mathieu术(Mathieu-IP组),其中5例尿道板狭窄、小扁平阴茎头、浅尿道;51例行TIP术(TIP组);随访观察尿道口位置、形状、阴茎头裂开、尿瘘、狭窄、憩室,并进行分析比较。结果:Mathieu-IP组与TIP组垂直裂隙状口分别为19例(90.5%)、46例(90.2%),外观无明显差异(P>0.05);Mathieu-IP组较TIP组尿瘘发生率显著降低(P=0.048),分别为1例(4.8%)和15例(29.4%);Mathieu-IP组无尿道狭窄,TIP组12例(23.5%),Mathieu-IP组显著降低(P=0.037);Mathieu-IP组和TIP组阴茎头裂开、憩室发生率均无统计学差异(P>0.05),阴茎头裂开分别为1例(4.8%)和2例(9.8%),憩室分别为1例(4.8%)和6例(11.8%);5例尿道板狭窄、小扁平阴茎头、浅尿道患者术后均无并发症。结论:尿道板纵切用于Mathieu术修复远端型尿道下裂,可使尿道口垂直裂隙状,形成合理尿道口径,尿瘘、狭窄发生率明显降低,适用于尿道板狭窄、小扁平阴茎头、浅尿道沟患者。     

带蒂双面包皮皮瓣法治疗180例尿道下裂临床分析

目的为提高一期修复尿道成功率，总结应用带蒂双面包皮皮瓣尿道成形术（PPDIF）治疗尿道下裂的经验。方法1991—2006年间，应用单面皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂140例，应用双面皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂180例，对比分析单面、双面皮瓣尿道成形术的治疗效果。结果单面皮瓣尿道成形术治愈率75．0％、双面皮瓣尿道成形术治愈率89．4％，双面皮瓣手术成功率明显高于单面皮瓣。结论带蒂双面包皮皮瓣尿道成形术为临床提供了一种更好的治疗方法，一期修复尿道下裂成功率高，且成形后阴茎外形美观。