IVF-ET后先天性结核双胞胎报道及文献复习

目的 提高临床医生对IVF-ET术后先天性结核感染途径、预防措施、临床表现、诊断方法、治疗及预后的认识。方法 回顾分析1例经IVF-ET(体外受精-胚胎移植)成功妊娠并在妊娠期间出现急性粟粒性结核产下先天性结核双胞胎病例,通过关键词检索文献,对文献报道的IVF-ET术后18例先天性结核患儿及14例(5例母亲产双胞胎)母亲临床情况进行分析并文献回顾。结果 母亲结核：产前活动3例,产后7例,未活动5例;先天性结核：男性9例,女性11例,临床表现无明显特异性。胸片主要为弥漫性病变,右肺多发。CT可见结节、实变、空洞、钙化病变。15例患儿抗结核治疗后好转。结论 IVF-ET后先天性结核较罕见,其临床表现、影像学表现缺乏特异性,加之临床医生对该病缺乏足够的认识,常延误诊治。多胎妊娠可能加重母亲及胎儿结核患病风险;当双胞胎之一被确诊先天性结核,建议对有症状的另一胎儿行诊断性抗结核治疗。IVF-ET术前结核筛查及治疗,快速的诊断及抗结核治疗对降低先天性结核病死率效果显著。     

肾移植术后结核感染的诊断和治疗

目的 总结肾移植术后结核感染的诊断、治疗经验.方法 收集确诊为肾移植术后结核感染的8例患者临床资料,对资料进行回顾性分析,总结诊治经验.结果 8例患者均存活,未出现死亡病例.1例患者由于结核感染早期未按正规抗结核治疗,肺结核感染出现扩散,导致移植肾功能丧失而恢复血液透析,其余7例均痊愈出院,移植肾功能恢复到结核感染前水平.结论 早发现、早诊断、早治疗,按照早期、规律、全程、适量、联合的原则合理使用抗结核药,是治疗肾移植术后结核感染的关键.     

新生儿先天性梅毒23例临床分析

目的:探讨新生儿先天性梅毒(CS)临床特点、诊断和治疗要点.方法:回顾性分析新生儿先天性梅毒23例,对临床资料进行分析总结.结果:23例患儿,治愈22例(95.65%),死亡1例(4.35%),治疗期间未发现不良反应.出院后1年内进行随访,每3个月复查RPR,7例3个月转阴性,10例6个月转阴性,6例9个月转阴性.结论:新生儿先天性梅毒早期预防,早期发现,早期治疗,可获得良好的临床疗效,降低其病死率.     

肾移植术后肺外结核18例分析

目的 分析肾移植术后肺外结核的临床特征,总结诊治经验.方法 对18例肾移植术后肺外结核患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 中位发病时间为肾移植术后13个月,50%于术后1年内发病.以淋巴结结核和结核性胸膜炎合并肺结核为主,占83.3%(15/18).采用联合规则抗结核治疗,先给予一线抗结核药物,根据耐受性调整用药,同时根据病灶部位给予局部针对性治疗.9例完成疗程结核临床治愈,4例尚在治疗中并有明显好转,5例在治疗期中因重症或并发症死亡.结论 肾移植术后肺外结核常与肺结核并存,应积极查找病灶以早期诊断和治疗.遵循联合规则治疗原则,全身系统用药结合局部针对性治疗.随访治疗中注意提高患者依从性.     

18例前列腺结核早期误漏诊原因分析与对策

目的 探讨提高对前列腺结核病的早期诊断.方法 对近3年接诊18例前列腺结核患者早期误漏诊资料进行回顾分析.结果 前列腺液结核杆菌阳性15例,药物诊断3例.二种抗结核药联用9例,三种抗结核药联用9例,经6个月治疗18例痊愈.结论 单纯前列腺结核,早期症状不典型,容易漏诊误诊,临床医生应提高对本病的认识,当该病同其它常见多发病并存时,详细全面地采集病史和体格检查.尽早做有临床鉴别意义的辅助检查将有助提高早期诊断或减少误漏诊.     

婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后肺出血12例分析

目的:探讨引起婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后肺出血的原因、临床特点以及治疗方法.方法:收治先天性心脏病术后合并急性肺出血患者12例,男5例,女7例;年龄1～1460天,平均373士477天,体重2.9～15.0kg,平均6.73士3.63kg.患者均在静脉全身麻醉下经胸骨正中入路行根治手术;发生急性肺出血后,应用左心减压、高频振荡通气(HFO)、气雾吸入伊洛前列素等作为主要治疗手段,9例存活,1例放弃治疗后死亡,2例死亡.结论:早期诊断,采取合理的机械通气等综合治疗是提高婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后肺出血患儿存活率的关键.     

Prognostic factors in congenital small intestinal atresia

目的 通过对先天性小肠闭锁预后多原因分析,总结影响先天性小肠闭锁预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析72例先天性小肠闭锁患儿临床资料,采用Logistic非线性回归进行分析,了解先天性小肠闭锁预后主要影响因素.结果 5例患儿放弃手术治疗.67例手术患儿治愈48例,术中术后放弃治疗9例,死亡10例,总治愈率66.67%.患儿放弃治疗及术后死亡主要原因为患儿合并其它畸形、出生体重过低、病理类型较重及术前合并肺部感染.结论 降低合并严重畸形患儿出生率、保胎增加患儿出生时体重、术前积极治疗患儿肺部感染,有望提高先天性小肠闭锁患儿的存活率.     

新生儿先天性梅毒36例临床分析

目的 探讨新生儿先天性梅毒的诊治方法.方法对收治的36例新生儿先天性梅毒患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 先天性梅毒临床表现具有非特异性,皮肤粘膜受损、肝脾肿大、肝损害、骨和关节损害、黄疸为最主要的临床表现.36例患儿中治愈34例,死亡2例.结论 青霉素是治疗先天性梅毒的首选.早期、足疗程治疗可减少先天性梅毒对患儿的损害.     

先天性膈疝的临床表现和诊治分析

目的探讨先天性膈疝的临床表现和诊治。方法对11例先天性膈疝的患儿的临床表现和围手术期进行回顾分析。结果全部病例进行胸腹联合X线拍片和诊断,无一误诊。11例患儿9例经过手术治疗恢复良好,1例因为术后并发症(新生儿硬肿症)自动出院,1例患儿术后死亡。结论对患有先天性膈疝的新生儿和婴幼儿必须早期诊断和手术治疗。     

结核性脑膜炎56例的临床诊治

目的强调结核性脑膜炎（简称结脑）早期诊断的重要性,探讨使用静脉冲击治疗结脑的新方法。方法对56例结脑患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析。结果 56例患者通过早期检查明确诊断,即予抗结核治疗。方案AHPRZE（L）,强化期静脉冲击3个月,联合激素等治疗。51例患者好转出院,3例死亡,2例自动出院。出院随访3个月,51例患者病情平稳好转,7例肢体瘫痪患者肢体肌力有不同程度恢复。结论肺结核患者尤其结核中毒症状较重、肺部病灶广泛时要高度警惕结脑可能,尽早检查明确诊断;一旦疑诊,即予抗结核治疗。强化期静脉冲击方案治疗结脑好转率高、预后较好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.