新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发期间护士身心健康状况调查

目的 调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)疫情暴发期间,临床护士身体心理健康状态,为其减轻身心压力,提升工作状态提供依据.方法 采用便利抽样法,应用PSTRI心理身体紧张松弛测试表对新冠肺炎疫情暴发期间临床护士身心健康状况进行调查,并采用t检验、方差分析对不同人群特征的身心健康得分差异进行分析.结果 共调查广东省29家三级...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间大学生心理健康及应对方式调查研究

目的 调查新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间大学生心理健康、应对方式状况及其影响因素。方法 采用自制一般信息问卷、《突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷》和《简易应对方式问卷》对全国1 571名大学生进行网络调查。结果 在心理健康方面,少数民族的神经衰弱（t = 2.08,P＜0.05）、女生的恐惧（t = 4.04,P＜0.05）,非医学生的恐惧、强迫-焦虑和疑病（t = 3.25、2.56、2.73,均P＜0.05）,学生干部的恐惧（t = 2.46,P＜0.05）,及农村学生的疑病（t = 2.40, P＜0.05）得分均较高。在积极应对方面,女生、汉族及城市学生的得分较高（t = 2.32、3.29、3.08,均P＜0.05）。在消极应对方面,父亲学历为高中、大专、本科及以上的学生得分均较高（t = 2.10、2.10、2.34, 均P＜0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示,倾向于积极应对方式的大学生抑郁、神经衰弱、强迫-焦虑及疑病等维度得分较低（t = - 12.13、- 13.20、- 9.15、- 6.73,均P＜0.05）;倾向于消极应对方式的大学生抑郁、神经衰弱、恐惧、强迫-焦虑及疑病维度得分较高（t = 10.03、11.73、4.94、7.83、4.40,均P＜0.05）。结论 应对突发性公共卫生事件,高等学校应针对不同类型的大学生,尤其是学生干部、少数民族、农村及非医学学生,及时进行心理健康干预,引导他们采取积极的应对方式,提升其解决心理健康问题的能力。     

The effects of COVID-19 restrictions on physical activity and mental health of children and young adults with physical and/or intellectual disabilities

BackgroundCOVID-19 has caused unprecedented restrictions, significantly affecting the most vulnerable groups in society, such as those with a disability.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on physical activity and mental health of children and young adults with physical and/or intellectual disabilities.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional design. Parents/carers completed an electronic survey in the UK between June–July 2020 on behalf of their child. Through Likert scales and free-text questions, the survey asked about physical activity levels and mental health during lockdown compared to before, access to specialist facilities and equipment to aid with physical activity, and the short- and long-term concerns around ongoing lockdown restrictions.ResultsGenerally, respondents reported negative effects of lockdown restrictions, with 61% reporting a reduction in physical activity levels and over 90% reporting a negative impact on mental health (including poorer behaviour, mood, fitness and social and learning regression). Many respondents cited a lack of access to specialist facilities, therapies and equipment as reasons for this, and raised concerns about the long-term effects of this lack of access on their child’s mental health and physical activity levels.ConclusionsThe survey highlights the negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the physical activity levels and mental health of children and young adults with disabilities and highlights the importance of addressing the needs of the disabled community as restrictions are eased.     

Examine the associations between perceived neighborhood conditions,physical activity,and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study examined how neighborhood conditions changed and how neighborhood conditions were associated with physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among Americans. The major outcomes were stratified by the neighborhood's poverty and regression models were used to assess the associations between neighborhood conditions and their change during the pandemic and the outcomes of physical activity and mental health. The results show that low-poverty neighborhoods had more health-promoting neighborhood conditions before the outbreak and more positive changes during the outbreak. Health-promoting neighborhood conditions were associated with higher physical activity and moderate physical activity and lack of negative neighborhood conditions such as crime/violence and traffic were associated with a lower risk of mental health problems including loneliness, depression, and anxiety. Mental health problems were also significantly associated with the COVID-19 infection and death and household income level. Our findings suggest that it is plausible that the disparities of physical activity and mental health by neighborhood exacerbate due to the pandemic and people who living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods bear increasingly disproportionate burden.     

The public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic for people with disabilities

With the rapidly changing landscape of the COVID-19 outbreak, how to best address the needs and continue to protect the health and well-being of people with disabilities (PwDs) is a global public health priority. In this commentary we identify three public health areas of ongoing need and offer possible strategies to address each. These areas include: the types of data that would help clarify risks for PwDs and help assure their safety long term; the prevention, treatment and mitigation measures for PwDs that are needed through the duration of the outbreak; and the issues of equity in access to and quality of medical care for PwDs. Because of the rapid nature of the public health response, it is critical to reassess and readjust our approach to best address the needs of PwDs in the months and years to come and to incorporate these new practices into future emergency preparedness responses.     

Person-reported perspectives on support availability for people with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec

ObjectivesTo identify the perception of the availability of community support and the support needs of autistic people and people with disabilities, from their own perspectives and from those of their caregivers at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec, to assess the association between the available support and the perceived stress levels to evaluate the role of perceived social support as a potential buffer of this association.MethodsA total of 315 respondents participated in a 4-min online survey across the province of Quebec by snowball sampling. Community support was defined as availability of adapted healthcare, adapted information, adapted educational services and community services.ResultsThe community support and services during the COVID-19 pandemic were not available or were not sufficiently adapted to their needs. About 40% of autistic people or people with disabilities and 44% of their caregivers perceived their days as being quite stressful or extremely stressful. This is twice the rate of that of the general population in non-pandemic time. Nevertheless, social supports can play a mediating role in attenuating the effects of the absence of adapted services on the stress level of this vulnerable population.ConclusionThe non-availability of adapted services was related to an increase in the stress level in this population. Our study adds that other than social support, adapted healthcare/tele-healthcare and in-home support services could reduce the impact of the pandemic on the stress level of autistic people and people with disabilities. Adapted educational services and necessary equipment for online education for people without resources could reduce the impact on the stress level in caregivers. People with disabilities and their caregivers are one of the most vulnerable groups in our society. Public health measures of containment and mitigation need to consider more their specific needs.     

New obstacles and widening gaps: A qualitative study of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. adults with disabilities

BackgroundPrior research has demonstrated that the needs of the disability community have not been met during public health emergencies. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing inequities for many populations including people with disabilities, and data is needed to develop inclusive public health response policies.ObjectiveTo identify how COVID-19 has uniquely impacted the lives of adults with disabilities.Methods38 participants were recruited through disability advocacy groups and social media. Semi-structured virtual focus groups were conducted with adults (≥18 years) who self-identified as having a disability. Focus groups were conducted for each of six disability sub-groups: vision, hearing, mobility and physical, mental health, cognitive, intellectual, and developmental, and chronic illness. Using inductive coding, major themes were identified and compared across the disability sub-groups.ResultsThree major themes and thirteen sub-themes were identified from the focus groups. The three major themes comprised: new problems created by the pandemic, obstacles in daily life that were exacerbated by the pandemic, and broader changes to accessibility and disability identity. Sub-themes such as difficulty with COVID-19 testing and regular medical care were reported by participants of all disability sub-groups, while other sub-themes like direct care needs and medical rationing were reported by participants from a subset of the disability sub-groups.ConclusionsThese results indicate how the COVID-19 pandemic unequally impacts disabled people. The participants indicated that to fully address their needs, disability perspectives must be included in the public health pandemic response. As new research shows that COVID-19 can cause long-term disability, the urgency to ensure the disability community is part of public health policies will increase.     

Examining the associations between food worry and mental health during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada

ObjectiveLittle is known about the association between mental health and diminished food worry during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines worry about having enough food to meet household needs and its association with mental health during the early months of the pandemic in Canada.MethodsData are drawn from the first round of a multi-round mental health monitoring survey. Online surveys were administered between May 14 and 29, 2020, to a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults (n = 3000). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between food worry and mental health indicators (anxious/worried, depressed, worse mental health compared with pre-pandemic, and suicidal thoughts/feelings), after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and pre-existing mental health conditions. Fully adjusted models explored the impact of controlling for financial worry due to the pandemic in the previous 2 weeks.ResultsOverall, 17.3% of the sample reported food worry due to the pandemic in the previous 2 weeks, with the highest prevalence found among those with a reported disability (29.3%), Indigenous identity (27.1%), or pre-existing mental health condition (25.3%). Compared with participants who did not report food worry, those who did had higher odds of reporting feeling anxious/worried (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.08–1.71) and suicidal thoughts/feelings (OR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.24–2.80) when controlling for socio-demographics, pre-existing mental health conditions, and financial worry.ConclusionThis paper provides insights about the associations between food worry and mental health in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic and indicates the need for improved policies and social supports to mitigate food worry and associated mental health outcomes.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.17269/s41997-021-00557-w.     

新冠疫情期间检疫隔离人群焦虑和抑郁状况调查研究

目的了解新冠病毒疫情期间检疫隔离群体心理状况,为心理干预提供参考。方法调查纳入2020年4月7日-5月26日期间由境外或重点疫区进入深圳的定点酒店检疫隔离人员,隔离人员需在隔离开始24 h内完成心理筛查。共收集调查问卷2219份,最后得到1705人填写的合格问卷,有效回收率为76.8%。采用健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)对检疫隔离人群进行心理问题筛查,统计方法包括t检验、方差分析及Pearson相关性分析、Logistic回归等。结果检疫隔离者抑郁、焦虑的检出率分别是15.8%、14.8%,多元Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.526)和对隔离部分理解及不理解(OR=3.273;OR=3.148)是检疫隔离者焦虑的危险因素;经济条件一般及较好(OR=0.422;OR=0.305)是检疫隔离者焦虑的保护因素;女性(OR=1.323)和对隔离部分理解及不理解(OR=3.387;OR=3.153)是检疫隔离者出现抑郁的危险因素;经济条件一般及较好(OR=0.627;OR=0.373)是检疫隔离者抑郁的保护因素。结论新型冠状肺炎疫情期间,检疫隔离者出现不同程度的焦虑、抑郁表现,需重点加强对女性、经济条件差、对隔离态度较差人群的心理疏导与社会支持。     

Psychological and behavioral responses during the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with mobility and/or self-care disabilities

BackgroundThe lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic created major obstacles for individuals with disabilities to obtain support in their daily living.ObjectivesThis study was to examine the psychological and behavioral responses of US individuals with mobility and/or self-care disabilities during the pandemic.MethodsFrom a nationally representative longitudinal survey (n = 6403) administered during the pandemic, individuals were classified at baseline as having no mobility/self-care disability (ADL = 0, n = 4975), mobility or self-care disability (ADL = 1, n = 1061), and both mobility and self-care disabilities (ADL = 2, n = 367). Weighted mean of baseline mental distress scores (PHQ4), psychological risk factors (loneliness, stress, perceived COVID risk), resilience, and coping were compared among these groups. Random effects models were employed to assess the effects of disability and disability-moderated effects of risk factors on mental distress.ResultsAt baseline, mental distress increased with greater ADL disabilities (Mean[95%CI] = 1.88[1.77, 1.98], 2.54[2.29, 2.79], and 3.55[3.01, 4.08] for ADL = 0, 1, and 2, respectively, p < .0001). Loneliness, stress, and perceived risk increased with ADL disabilities, but resilience and social coping decreased with it (p's < 0.0001). In the random-effects models, greater ADL disabilities, higher psychological risks, and use of cannabis and other recreational drugs were associated with greater mental distress. Greater ADL disabilities augmented the detrimental effects of risk factors on mental health, but resilience protected mental health both independently and through a buffering effect on its risk factors across all groups.ConclusionIndividuals with mobility and/or self-care disability tend to have poorer mental health and are differentially more affected by its risk factors. Mental health professionals should address these modifiable factors in interventions.     

A cross-sectional analysis of trust of information and COVID-19 preventative practices among people with disabilities

BackgroundTrust of information shapes adherence to recommended practices and speed of public compliance during public health crises. This is particularly important for groups with higher rates of high-risk health conditions, including those aged 65 and over and people with disabilities.ObjectiveWe examined trust in information sources and associated adherence to COVID-19 public health recommendations among people with disabilities living in metropolitan, micropolitan, and noncore counties.MethodsWe recruited participants using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and screened for disability status (n = 408). We compared sociodemographic groups with t-tests, Pearson’s correlations, and Chi-square, as appropriate. We used linear regression to examine factors associated with trust in information and compliance with CDC recommended COVID-19 practices.ResultsNonmetro respondents had the lowest trust ratings among all demographic groups, and reported significantly less trust in most information sources. Respondents aged 65 and over reported the highest compliance with CDC recommended practices, while those from nonmetro areas reported the lowest. A regression model for adherence to CDC recommended practices was significant (F = 11.87, P ≤ .001), and explained 33% of the variance. Specifically, increased adherence was associated with being over 65, female, and higher general trust scores. Decreased practices were associated with being nonwhite, nonmetro, higher trust scores in President Trump, and having a communication disability.ConclusionsTrust in information sources is associated with action. It is important to provide clear, consistent, and non-polarizing messages during public health emergencies to promote widespread community action.     

The importance of seasonal influenza vaccination for people with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic

A large proportion of Americans have at least one disability and yet people with disabilities face inequities in health and health care access. Factors associated with underlying disability and health, how they perceive and interact with the world, and where they live, or work may increase the risk people with disabilities face for illness or severe outcomes from seasonal influenza. Given the need to reduce the burden of respiratory illness on a healthcare system already overwhelmed by the COVID-19 pandemic, maximizing seasonal influenza vaccination coverage is particularly important in 2020–2021. It is critical this season to ensure equitable access to influenza vaccination for people with disabilities. Providing influenza vaccination services in the unique places where people with disabilities are living, working, or receiving care during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial, as well as communicating effectively to people with different types of disabilities.     

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among Americans with disabilities aged 18-65: An exploratory analysis

BackgroundIt is important for people with disabilities to be vaccinated against COVID-19 because, as a group, they are at increased risk of severe outcomes. While there are multiple vaccines available to prevent COVID-19, a considerable proportion of Americans report some hesitancy to becoming vaccinated, including people with disabilities.ObjectiveWe conducted a study to explore what factors may contribute to COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among Americans with disabilities.MethodsWe used Amazon's Mechanical Turk to survey 439 people with disabilities (ages 18+) about their concerns of the COVID-19 disease, vaccines, and hesitancy toward vaccination to learn more about factors that influence vaccination hesitancy. Concerns about vaccines were analyzed as a composite variable representing different dimensions such as: side effects, too new, developed too quickly, influenced by politics, and effectiveness.ResultsResults from a logistic regression indicate that concern about vaccines was the most significant predictor of hesitancy, even after considering demographic, economic, and geographic factors. Concerns about getting COVID-19, getting tested for COVID-19, trust in experts, education, and being a Democrat were negatively associated with hesitancy.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that some groups of individuals may be more vaccination hesitant because they are more concerned about vaccine safety than COVID-19 infection. Public health messaging that focuses on the risks of vaccines relative to the risks of COVID-19 might be one strategy to reduce hesitancy and increase vaccination uptake. Messaging should also be tailored to specific disabilities (i.e. physical, mental, sensory), written in plain language, and disseminated in accessible formats.     

新冠肺炎疫情背景下公共卫生安全问题反思

新冠肺炎疫情的暴发与蔓延,给公共卫生安全体系带来巨大挑战。文章以新冠肺炎疫情为例,剖析疫情暴发与应对过程中所暴露的公共卫生安全问题及其链锁机制,从多层面、多主体探析公共卫生安全危机产生的深层次原因。目前,亟待提高全社会安全意识、完善公共卫生法律体系、整合社会资源,引导社会合作与社会参与共同建立常态化应急准备机制,同时建立卫生问题国内多部门协同治理的联防联控机制以及国际合作机制协同,强化事后反思与容错机制,以期铸就公共卫生安全的严密防线。     

The impact of built environment on mental health: A COVID-19 lockdown perspective

Tackling mental health has become a priority for governments around the world because it influences not only individuals but also the whole society. As people spend a majority of their time (i.e., around 90%) in buildings, it is pivotal to understand the relationship between built environment and mental health, particularly during COVID-19 when people have experienced recurrent local and national lockdowns. Despite the demonstration by previous research that the design of the built environment can affect mental health, it is not clear if the same influence pattern remains when a ‘black swan’ event (e.g., COVID-19) occurs. To this end, we performed logistic regression and hierarchical regression analyses to examine the relationship between built environment and mental health utilising a data sample from the United Kingdom (UK) residents during the COVID-19 lockdown while considering their social demographics. Our results show that compared with depression and anxiety, people were more likely to feel stressed during the lockdown period. Furthermore, general house type, home workspace, and neighbourhood environment and amenity were identified to have significantly contributed to their mental health status. With the ensuing implications, this study represents one of the first to inform policymakers and built environment design professionals of how built environment should be designed to accommodate features that could mitigate mental health problems in any future crisis. As such, it contributes to the body of knowledge of built environment planning by considering mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown.     

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic's impact on mental health

Throughout the world, the public is being informed about the physical effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and steps to take to prevent exposure to the coronavirus and manage symptoms of COVID-19 if they appear. However, the effects of this pandemic on one's mental health have not been studied at length and are still not known. As all efforts are focused on understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, transmission patterns, and management of the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been very little concern expressed over the effects on one's mental health and on strategies to prevent stigmatization. People's behavior may greatly affect the pandemic's dynamic by altering the severity, transmission, disease flow, and repercussions. The present situation requires raising awareness in public, which can be helpful to deal with this calamity. This perspective article provides a detailed overview of the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health of people.     

Understanding the mental health impacts of poor quality private-rented housing during the UK's first COVID-19 lockdown

This paper examines the mental health impacts of poor quality private-rented housing in the north of England during the UK's first COVID-19 lockdown. The paper draws on data collected from semi-structured telephone interviews with 40 renters in the private-rented sector. We use the Power Threat Meaning Framework to highlight how substandard housing was a social and material vulnerability which, underpinned by powerlessness, resulted in threats that created and exacerbated the mental-ill health of precarious private renters. The paper suggests the pandemic and increased time spent in unhealthy places of residence can create stresses at a time of broader structural fragility, and calls for the greater engagement and integration of health practitioners in the future development of housing policy at all levels.