口内牵引成骨修复下颌骨缺损的扫描电镜研究

目的 :观察分析口内牵引成骨修复下颌骨体部缺损新骨形成的超微结构特征和矿化成分 ,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法 :标本取自 4条beagle实验犬下颌骨应用口内传送牵引成骨术产生的新生骨组织和邻近原骨组织 ,用扫描电镜观察新骨区的超微结构特征 ,并用X线能谱仪计算机系统测定新生骨Ca/P质量比。结果 :①下颌骨缺损完全封闭 ,牵引间隙有大量新生骨组织生成 ,骨质密度近似正常骨组织。传送骨盘与基骨界面骨性融合。②牵引间隙新生骨平均钙磷质量比 1.80 ,传送骨盘平均钙磷质量比 2 .0 2 ,传送骨盘与对侧基骨连接部位钙磷质量比 1.67。新生骨和传送骨盘与对侧已骨连接部位的钙磷比率显著低于传送骨盘。结论 :beagle实验犬应用口内传送牵引成骨术在原位产生的新生骨段 ,术后 3 5周可矿化、改建为接近成熟的正常骨质结构     

内置式三焦点牵引器重建下颌颏部的动物实验

目的介绍自行研制的内置式三焦点牵引成骨器，探讨其应用效果。方法选取4只杂种犬，手术均截去下颌颏部骨组织，制造出25～30mm的下颌骨正中联合部位骨缺损动物模型。在两侧骨断端分别制作一个宽度约10mm的骨输送盘。安装自行研制的内置式牵引成骨器。术后1周开始加力，牵引速率0．5mm／12h，在13～16d两侧输送盘在正中对接后，牵引结束。术后分期拍下颌横断袷片，在牵引完成后固定第12周时处死动物，取材并观察新骨形成情况。结果所有受试动物均耐受实验全过程，牵引器未见断裂、锈蚀。下颌骨缺损被恢复，牵引区内新生骨组织成熟且骨量充足，两输送盘之间可见增厚、粗糙的外骨痂，已达到骨性愈合。结论自行研制的内置式三焦点牵引成骨器为临床修复下颌骨颏部骨缺损提供了新器械。     

口腔颌面部整复

20051986 下颌不对称畸形的正颌外科矫治；20051987 儿童患者头颈部游离组织瓣移植的临床分析；20051988 应用折叠的双皮岛游离前臂皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损；20051989 胶原基纳米骨结合胶原膜修复兔下颌骨缺损的研究；20051990口内牵引成骨修复下颌骨缺损的扫描电镜研究；20051991非血管化游离骨移植中细胞活力的实验研究……     

牵引成骨技术在下颌骨节段性缺损修复中的应用

20世纪90年代，基于Ilizarov的长期研究成果，牵引成骨(distraction osteogenesis，DO)技术在颌面外科领域得到重要发展，早在1973年Snyder等报告了下颌骨缺损的DO修复实验，Shwyrkow和Shamsudinov最早将其应用于临床缺损病例。DO修复节段性下颌骨缺损的具体方式可分为3种：骨传送、加压．牵引骨形成、骨移植后矫形。     

内置弧形牵张成骨修复下颌骨缺损的临床应用

目的探讨应用内置弧形牵张成骨术修复下颌骨缺损的临床应用可能性。方法为一例炸伤致右下颌骨缺损的患者行内置弧形牵张成骨术。术中切除死骨,制作含C1、C2骨转移盘,可靠固定内置弧形骨牵张器,术后延迟一周行骨牵引,共牵引16d,固定期大体和全口曲面断层片考察新骨生成状况。结果治疗内容均按计划完成,牵引结束时,骨移动盘实现显著的改向、内旋,弧形牵引约15mm,固定期2周时,间隙内早期骨结构形成,由X线片可知,随后,骨密度逐渐升高,8周时,新生骨与双侧正常骨质连续,骨密度接近于双侧正常骨,内置弧形牵张成骨修复下颌骨缺损基本完成。结论内置弧形牵张成骨修复下颌骨缺损和本文报告的内置弧形骨牵张器具有临床应用可能性。     

三维多孔β-磷酸三钙修复下颌骨节段性缺损的生物力学分析

目的：观察三维多孔β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP）形成的组织工程骨对犬下颌骨极限节段性缺损的修复能力。方法：将经过诱导的犬骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）与3.0cm×2.0cm×1.0cm的多孔β-TCP支架复合后植入犬的下颌骨3.0cm长的全层节段性缺损处。术后6个月通过CT影像学评价β-TCP/BMSCs复合体对犬下颌节段性缺损的修复能力,并和单纯植入β-TCP材料的对照组对比,同时将缺损区组织工程骨的生物力学性能和正常的犬下颌骨对比。结果：CT影像显示实验组犬的下颌骨极限缺损区已修复,下颌骨呈连续性,且形态较对照组完美。多孔β-TCP/BMSCs构建的组织工程骨和犬正常下颌骨的抗折强度测定结果无显著性差异,而抗压强度有显著性差异,组织工程骨抗压强度小。结论：三维多孔β-TCP/BMSCs复合体构建的组织工程骨修复的犬下颌骨节段性缺损能够耐受正常生理功能需要,达到了形态和功能修复的目的,为临床下颌骨缺损修复提供了重要的实验依据。     

自体骨髓基质干细胞-珊瑚羟基磷灰石修复下颌骨节段缺损的实验研究

目的应用骨髓基质干细胞（BMSCs）复合珊瑚羟基磷灰石（CHA）构建组织工程化骨，修复犬下颌骨节段性缺损。方法体外分离培养，成骨诱导扩增犬BMSCs，将第2代细胞复合CHA后修复5只犬自体下颌骨右侧3cm的节段缺损；6只犬植入单纯CHA作为对照，术后12、26、32周通过影像学、大体形态、组织学和生物力学的方法检测骨缺损的修复效果。结果BMSCs-CHA复合物生长良好。随时间延长，X线片和CT显示实验组连接处骨痂形成，实验对照组连接处始终愈合较差；32周大体观察实验组骨修复较好，组织学显示有板层骨形成，连接处骨性愈合，实验对照组有编织骨形成，连接处纤维愈合。实验组与正常对照组下颌骨力学强度差异无统计学意义。结论自体成骨诱导BMSCs复合CHA形成的组织工程化骨可修复犬下颌骨节段缺损。     

弧线式牵引成骨修复犬下颌骨节段缺损的实验研究

目的：探讨运用自行研制的弧线式牵引器修复下颌骨体部节段的可行性。方法：以犬建立实验动物模型,制造下颌骨体部约38mm的节段缺损,制作带有右侧第一磨牙拔牙创的传送盘,以自制弧线式骨牵引器行传送盘牵引成骨。固定期8周后组织学检查及X线观察。结果：2只犬实验内容按计划进入固定期,犬1在固定后期传送盘回缩。犬2成功修复约12mm骨缺损。固定8周的组织学和扫描电镜证实牵张区新骨成熟,大体标本及X线显示传送盘明显外旋,后方新生骨组织与对侧下颌骨体相比更向颊侧扩展。结论：实验自行研制的弧线式牵引器虽然尚处于实验阶段,但作为一种有益的尝试,为临床运用及牵引器的设计提供参考。     

个体化内置式牵引器在修复下颌骨部分缺损中的应用

目的：应用个体化设计的内置式下颌骨牵引器,通过牵引成骨技术修复下颌骨部分缺损。方法：对因肿瘤行下颌骨部分切除的2例患者,术前根据头颅三维模型,设计个体化内置式牵引器,同期（1例）行肿瘤切除与牵引成骨手术,或二期1例行牵引成骨手术,运用转移盘牵引方式修复下颌骨部分缺损,固定期8～9个月,行X线及CT检查。结果：2例患者均成功进行了牵引器植入手术,术后牵引顺利,其中（1例）出现伤口感染,给予抗生素后得到控制,未影响牵引成骨治疗的进行。2例患者新骨形成均良好,转移盘远端骨质连接间隙处在拆除牵引器时需以植骨或钛板固定。结论：个体化设计的内置式下颌骨牵引器,可以根据不同患者颌骨缺损情况,进行一次性复杂牵引成骨,修复下颌骨部分缺损。     

膜引导辅助弹力牵引成骨重建节段缺失下颌骨的实验研究

目的利用膜引导骨再生技术促进记忆合金牵引器弹力自动牵引成骨进程。方法手术截除杂种犬一侧下颌骨2．5-4．0cm骨段，按bi-focal牵引成骨原理安置记忆合金牵引固定装置，并将聚四氟乙烯膜覆盖于骨膜剥离的下颌骨颊侧面；术后3个月取下颌骨观察并测量骨密度和强度。结果节段缺失下颌骨得到重建，传送盘前后各形成1．5-2．5cm再生骨段；新骨高度及厚度接近正常下颌骨，骨密度和强度接近或超过正常骨半量值。结论膜引导技术可以避免骨不连，加快弹力牵引再生骨的骨化成熟过程。     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

拔牙位点保存用复合温敏凝胶的构建及体外表征

目的:制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合温敏凝胶,探讨其作为拔牙位点保存材料的理化性能。方法:采用原位沉积方法制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(MWNT/ HA简称HAC)复合无机材料,将其分散至壳聚糖温敏凝胶中,制备壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CS /MWNT/HA简称CS/HAC)复合温敏凝胶,以成胶时间、孔径、孔隙率、机械强度及降解性能为指标优化配方设计,并表征复合温敏凝胶的微观形貌及理化性能。结果:以10 g/L的HAC作为补强成分加入到壳聚糖溶液中,能够在不影响成胶并保证一定孔隙率(84%)的前提下,提高材料的机械性能(抗压强度0.441 MPa),所获复合温敏凝胶具有适宜的临床操作时间(12 min),并具有可控的降解速率。结论:负载HAC的复合温敏凝胶具有良好的成型性,并具有较好的机械性能,在拔牙位点保存领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.