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1.
Due to the development of postinfarction left ventricular aneurysms, kinetic dysfunction, left ventricular thrombus formation, arrhythmia and heart failure can occur. Surgical resection of ventricular aneurysms is the only effective therapy so far to stop the remodeling process, recreate the geometry of the ventricle and to improve ventricular function. Several techniques of reconstruction exist but most frequently used is the modified technique of Dor. The advantages of this technique are that all parts of the aneurysms can be excluded and a new apex can be reconstructed. Other surgical treatments are the technique of Cooley and the linear resection with or without patch plasty. Several studies demonstrate that, with definite indications, patients with postinfarction left ventricular aneurysms benefit from surgical treatment.  相似文献   

2.
Right ventricular function is from the outset the Achilles heel of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. Predicting right ventricular failure can be difficult and consideration of various factors is necessary including the right ventricular end-diastolic dimension (RVEDD) LVEDD ratio which seems to be a suitable preoperative predictive parameter in conjunction with the clinical symptoms. If the patient is in cardiogenic shock with imminent multiorgan failure the implantation of a LVAD alone will not be sufficient to assist the whole organism. The implantation of a biventricular assist device (BVAD) or veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is needed. Should there be any delay in the recovery of the patient after LVAD implantation right ventricular dysfunction must be excluded. If the RV dysfunction is clinically significant the implantation of an RVAD should be taken into consideration before the sequelae of venous congestion and impaired perfusion evolve. A secondary implantation in an intensive care unit (ICU) has a worse prognosis. To which degree a secondary tricuspid insufficiency should be corrected at the time of LVAD implantation is matter of debate and research.  相似文献   

3.
Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, Ver?nderungen der Pharmakodynamik von Cisatracurium (3 x ED95) bei Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz (Cis-2) im Vergleich zu Patienten ohne Nierenfunktionsst?rung (Cis-1) zu erfassen. Des weiteren sollten die Intubationsbedingungen sowie der Einflu? dieser Substanz auf den Blutdruck und die Herzfrequenz und Isofluran-Lachgas-An?sthesie untersucht werden. Methodik: 39 Patienten (ASA-Klassifikation I–III) wurden entsprechend ihrer Nierenfunktion den jeweiligen Gruppen zugeordnet (Cis-1: normale Nierenfunktion n = 19; Cis-2: Niereninsuffizienz n = 20). Die Narkoseeinleitung erfolgte mit Fentanyl (2–3 μg/kg) und Thiopental (4–7 mg/kg). Nach Bolusapplikation von 0,15 mg/kg (3 x ED95) Cisatracurium wurden Anschlagzeit und Intubationsbedingungen ermittelt. Weiterhin wurden mittels Akzeleromyographie die klinische Wirkdauer (DUR 25%), der Erholungsindex (DUR 25%–DUR 75%) und die Spontanerholung auf 90% (DUR 90%) sowie die TOF-Ratio (T4:T1 > 0,7) bestimmt. Ver?nderungen des mittleren arteriellen Blutdrucks und der Herzfrequenz von < 20% zum Ausgangswert wurden als klinisch signifikant angesehen. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt 95% der Patienten konnten nach 120 s unter guten bis sehr guten Bedingungen intubiert werden. Die Anschlagzeit von 3,1 ± 0,8 min war bei den nierengesunden Patienten kürzer, unterschied sich aber statistisch nicht signifikant von 3,6 ± 0,8 min bei den niereninsuffizienten Patienten. Alle anderen pharmakodynamischen Parameter unterschieden sich ebenfalls nicht signifikant zwischen beiden Gruppen. Eine ausgepr?gte individuelle Schwankungsbreite der Spontanerholung war charakteristisch, besonders für die Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz. 8 Patienten zeigten eine Abnahme des mittleren arteriellen Blutdruckes von > 20% des Ruheausgangswertes nach Cisatracurium. Die Herzfrequenz ver?nderte sich bei keinem der 39 Patienten. Schlu?folgerung: Cisatracurium in der 3fachen ED95 ist für die Anwendung bei Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz geeignet. Aufgrund der gro?en individuellen Schwankungsbreite der neuromuskul?ren Spontanerholung ist bei dieser Substanz, wie auch bei allen anderen bisher verwendeten Muskelrelaxanzien, ein intraoperatives Monitoring der neuromuskul?ren Blockade bei Patienten mit eingeschr?nkter Nierenfunktion zu empfehlen.   相似文献   

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With the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), an alternative therapy to surgical aortic valve replacement exists. General guidelines for indications for TAVI procedures are still lacking. Herein, we report a 57-year-old patient with aortic valve stenosis and severely impaired left ventricular function. Twelve months after transfemoral implantation of a 29 mm Medtronic CoreValve prosthesis, left ventricular function and clinical symptoms have significantly improved. As long as no general guidelines on the indications for TAVI procedures exist, patients with aortic valve stenosis and severe comorbidities must undergo careful risk assessment and evaluation in order to offer the individual patients the therapy with the lowest risk.  相似文献   

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Objective of endoscopic arthrolysis of the shoulder is the restoration of joint mobility in the primarily or secondarily stiff shoulder. The indication is given in primary and idiopathic adhesive capsulitis and in secondary, posttraumatic contracture of the shoulder with intolerable complaints and a loss of function over 6 months despite conservative treatment. Relative contraindications are a frozen shoulder in its initial inflammatory stage and posttraumatic stiffness with incongruency of the joint. The operation is performed using an arthroscopic technique with three standard portals. After partial synovectomy, the capsule is incised mechanically or electrically, and optionally a capsule strip can be resected. Subsequently, paraarticular and subacromial debridement is performed. Postoperative physiotherapy is crucial and is complemented by a continuous passive motion splint. Arthroscopic arthrolysis can accelerate the spontaneous course of adhesive capsulitis and leads to good functional results in primary and secondary stiff shoulders.  相似文献   

9.
A 20-year-old woman reported about giggle incontinence despite antimuscarinic therapy. Therefore we injected botulinum toxin A into the detrusor muscle. The effect of botulinum toxin A appeared about 1 week after injection and no more leakage was observed even during vigorous laughter. A control uroflowmetry showed a good voiding rate without any residual volume. Botulinum toxin A might be an alternative for patients with giggle incontinence after unsuccessful antimuscarinic treatment.  相似文献   

10.
Nonparasitic chyluria is rare. Spontaneous remission occurs in 50% of patients. Conservative treatment includes diet with medium-chain triglycerides, lymphangiography, and the instillation of sclerosing solutions of silver nitrate. If conservative management fails, open or retroperitoneoscopic nephrolysis is the treatment of choice. We present a case of spontaneous recumbent nonparasitic chyluria from the left kidney treated twice by endoscopic application of neodymium-YAG laser. This is new to the literature. The chyluria disappeared for several months. The temporary cessation of chyle flow after local laser application should encourage further use of this treatment modality after failure of conservative treatment.  相似文献   

11.
In this case report the complexity of secondary mitral regurgitation, the indications for catheter-based edge-to-edge mitral valve repair using the MitraClip® system and the successful treatment using the heart team approach are presented. Percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair provides an extension of therapeutic options for patients facing a very high operative risk. Appropriate infrastructure and intensive interdisciplinary cooperation are prerequisites.  相似文献   

12.
Theilen  H. J.  Gerber  J. C. 《Der Anaesthesist》2019,68(11):733-741
Die Anaesthesiologie - Bei akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall (AIS) bewahrt nur die rasche Rekanalisation der verschlossenen Hirnarterie den betroffenen Patienten vor einem schweren...  相似文献   

13.
The use of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) has significantly increased over the past few years and the life expectations of patients under VAD destination therapy is increasing. in part because heart transplantation activity has plateaued, but also because of the improving clinical outcomes with contemporary continuous flow LVAD. Therefore, there is now a growing population of patients with continuous flow LVADs that are very likely to require emergency medical support due to LVAD-associated complications (e.?g. right heart failure, LVAD malfunction, hemorrage and pump thrombosis) but also non-LVAD-associated conditions, such as stroke or gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Management of these patients is complicated by the altered circulatory physiology and there is very little literature on emergency care for patients with LVAD; therefore, the objective of this review is to familiarize physicians with LVAD components and LVAD physiology, and to discuss the evaluation and management of acute emergencies of this specific patient population outside cardiac surgery.  相似文献   

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Lymph node metastases originating from soft tissue sarcomas are very rare and the reason for this is unclear. While this observation was less important in former times when ultraradical excision and amputation were the norm, modern reconstructive surgical treatment options have to take the possibility of lymphatic metastases into account. We attempted to identify parameters that may be predictive of lymphatic metastases in a cohort of 1,597 patients with soft tissue sarcomas of whom 26 patients (1.6? %) had regional lymph node (RLN) metastases. We studied these RLN metastases with recently described techniques that enabled us to histologically visualize lymphatic vessels. We conclude that sarcomas should not be evaluated from a histogenetic perspective but more on the basis of regional topography of the lymphatic vasculature. As we described previously, two different lymphatic systems should be differentiated: lymphatic vessel system I (LGS I) contains RLN and lymph vessels are mostly superficial; however, there are also vessels near large blood vessels of the extremities. System LGS II is more delicate and its vessels run into the musculature, a metastatic homing area of many sarcomas. Lymph vessels of system LGS II drain directly into veins without intervening lymph nodes. Sarcomas with LGS I drainage will form RLN metastases. In contrast, sarcomas with LGS II drainage will do so only after surgical resection if system LGS I has been opened.  相似文献   

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The occurrence of malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract in patients below the age of 40 years is rare. Nevertheless, finding masses with suspicious malignant appearance in young patients should alert the examiner particularly against the background of reported cases of urothelial or urachal carcinoma in childhood or adolescence. This report presents the case of a 25-year-old male patient with recurrent urolithiasis due to cystinuria. During elective stone therapy via ureteroscopy a tumor of distinct malignant appearance was conspicuous and was immediately resected. The histopathological findings revealed the diagnosis of a nephrogenic adenoma.  相似文献   

19.
Zusammenfassung Bei einem 20-jährigen Patienten mit McCune-Albright-Syndrom und respiratorischer Globalinsuffizienz mit Dauermaskenbeatmung musste eine Intubationsnarkose vermieden werden. Zur operativen Korrektur einer schwergradigen Oberarmfehlstellung erfolgte eine perivaskuläre axilläre Plexusanästhesie nach Weber. Mit der Lagerung des Patienten auf die nichtbetroffene Seite und Kopftieflagerung von 15° (modifizierte Lagerungstechnik) konnte eine Ausbreitung der Analgesie bis auf die Oberarmregion erreicht werden.  相似文献   

20.
Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Spätergebnisse nach 52 suprakondylären Oberarmfrakturen bei Kindern berichtet, die in 9,5% nicht voll befriedigend waren. In 2 Fällen stimmte die Qualität der Reposition, die ausgezeichnet war, nicht mit dem funktionellen Ergebnis überein, so daß in 5,7% der Fälle ungenügend reponiert wurde. Durch die primäre Anwendung der Schwebeextension bei schweren suprakondylären Oberarmbrüchen kann dieses Ergebnis sicher noch verbessert werden.Mit 6 Textabbildungen  相似文献   

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