针刺联合穴位注射维生素B1对周围性面瘫临床疗效及面部生物电信号的影响

目的：探讨针刺联合穴位注射维生素B₁治疗周围性面瘫的临床疗效及对面部生物电信号的影响。方法：选取2020-10～2022-03医院收治的周围性面瘫患者164例,随机分为对照组(n=82)和观察组(n=82)。对照组采用穴位注射维生素B₁治疗,观察组采用针刺联合穴位注射维生素B₁治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后面瘫Portmann评分、面部残疾指数(FDI)及面部生物电信号的差异。结果：观察组治疗有效率为90.24%高于对照组76.28%(χ²=5.365,P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组Portmann评分、FDI量表躯体功能评分分别为(12.85±3.79)分、(20.62±4.81)分,均高于对照组(10.42±3.13)分、(17.15±4.24)分,社会功能评分为(10.06±1.83)分,低于对照组(13.12±2.05)分(t=5.584、4.256、5.942,P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组咬肌、提唇上肌及额肌电信号水平分别为(0.0020±0.0006)、(0.0051±0...     

神经训导技术在脑卒中偏瘫合并肩关节半脱位患者康复治疗中的应用效果

目的观察神经训导技术（中医导引反馈技术）在脑卒中偏瘫合并肩关节半脱位患者康复治疗中的临床疗效。方法选取国家康复辅具研究中心附属康复医院30例脑卒中偏瘫合并肩关节半脱位患者,采用神经训导系列技术进行治疗,包括神经训导仪治疗、上肢潜能开发训练、神经训导式作业疗法训练、干扰电治疗等,1次／d,20min／次,共治疗40次。采用自身对照的研究方法,治疗前后分别采集患侧耸肩肌、肩外展肌表面肌电信号数据;分别摄取双侧肩关节X线片及进行物理诊断检查,并进行患侧上肢运动功能（采用简化rugl—Meyer量表）评定。结果治疗后患侧上肢运动功能评分及三角肌、斜方肌表面肌电信号数据与治疗前比较均有明显改善[分别为（25±11）分比（8±4）分,（56±26）μV比（10±10）μV,（76±24）μV比（13±12）μV],差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。其中,治疗后上肢肩关节半脱位恢复正常者9例,恢复至轻度17例,显效率30％（9／30）,有效率70％（21／30）。结论神经训导康复技术治疗脑卒中偏瘫合并肩关节半脱位疗效显著,是恢复脑卒中偏瘫合并肩关节半脱位患者中枢神经功能的有效方法。     

神经训导康复技术对偏瘫膝反张的康复效果和机制

目的 探讨神经训导康复技术对偏瘫膝反张的康复效果,并探讨其作用机制.方法 对60例病程6个月以上、经其他康复方法 治疗不能进一步改善功能的脑卒中偏瘫伴膝反张患者,采用神经训导技术进行康复治疗.对治疗前后膝关节活动范围(ROM)、运动程序信号、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能评分和患肢负重时间等进行评定和比较.结果 治疗1个疗程后,患者膝关节ROM、下肢Fugl-Meyer评分、患肢负重时间、股四头肌表面肌电信号、股四头肌与腘绳肌肌电信号差与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义[(21.6±6.3)°比(3.6±2.3)°;(24±6)分比(15±7)分;(4.02±1.54)s比(0.22±0.13)s;(119±45)μV比(36±12)μV;(76±42)μV比(22±18)μV,P＜0.01],治疗后腘绳肌与股四头肌肌电信号比值明显降低(1.4∶1比1∶4.6,P＜0.01).结论 神经训导康复技术是改善偏瘫患者膝反张的有效康复方法.     

神经训导康复技术对偏瘫膝反张的康复效果和机制

目的 探讨神经训导康复技术对偏瘫膝反张的康复效果,并探讨其作用机制.方法 对60例病程6个月以上、经其他康复方法 治疗不能进一步改善功能的脑卒中偏瘫伴膝反张患者,采用神经训导技术进行康复治疗.对治疗前后膝关节活动范围(ROM)、运动程序信号、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能评分和患肢负重时间等进行评定和比较.结果 治疗1个疗程后,患者膝关节ROM、下肢Fugl-Meyer评分、患肢负重时间、股四头肌表面肌电信号、股四头肌与腘绳肌肌电信号差与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义[(21.6±6.3)°比(3.6±2.3)°;(24±6)分比(15±7)分;(4.02±1.54)s比(0.22±0.13)s;(119±45)μV比(36±12)μV;(76±42)μV比(22±18)μV,P＜0.01],治疗后腘绳肌与股四头肌肌电信号比值明显降低(1.4∶1比1∶4.6,P＜0.01).结论 神经训导康复技术是改善偏瘫患者膝反张的有效康复方法.     

热敏灸与隔姜灸治疗难治性周围性面瘫的效果研究

目的探讨热敏灸与隔姜灸治疗难治性周围性面瘫的效果。方法 100例难治性周围性面瘫患者,按照治疗方法不同分为热敏灸治疗组和隔姜灸治疗组,每组50例。隔姜灸治疗组采取隔姜灸治疗,热敏灸治疗组则采取热敏灸治疗。比较两组治疗效果,治疗前后患侧眼轮匝肌波幅下降的比例、患侧口轮匝肌波幅下降的比例、面部残疾指数(FDI)(社会以及躯体功能评分)、患侧和健侧瞬目反射(BR)潜伏期差值,难治性周围性面瘫面部感觉恢复时间、面部活动功能有效时间以及患侧口轮匝肌肌电图异常情况。结果热敏灸治疗组治疗总有效率98.00%高于隔姜灸治疗组的80.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,热敏灸治疗组患侧眼轮匝肌波幅下降的比例、患侧口轮匝肌波幅下降的比例、社会以及躯体功能评分、患侧和健侧BR潜伏期差值改善程度优于隔姜灸治疗组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。热敏灸治疗组难治性周围性面瘫面部感觉恢复时间、面部活动功能有效时间分别为(9.57±1.45)、(13.21±1.82)d,均短于隔姜灸治疗组的(12.67±2.22)、(16.4±1.21)d,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。热敏灸治疗组治疗后后患侧口轮匝肌肌电图异常发生率低于隔姜灸治疗组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论热敏灸治疗难治性周围性面瘫的疗效确切,值得推广。     

神经训导康复技术对偏瘫膝反张的康复效果和机制

目的 探讨神经训导康复技术对偏瘫膝反张的康复效果,并探讨其作用机制.方法 对60例病程6个月以上、经其他康复方法 治疗不能进一步改善功能的脑卒中偏瘫伴膝反张患者,采用神经训导技术进行康复治疗.对治疗前后膝关节活动范围(ROM)、运动程序信号、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能评分和患肢负重时间等进行评定和比较.结果 治疗1个疗程后,患者膝关节ROM、下肢Fugl-Meyer评分、患肢负重时间、股四头肌表面肌电信号、股四头肌与腘绳肌肌电信号差与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义[(21.6±6.3)°比(3.6±2.3)°;(24±6)分比(15±7)分;(4.02±1.54)s比(0.22±0.13)s;(119±45)μV比(36±12)μV;(76±42)μV比(22±18)μV,P＜0.01],治疗后腘绳肌与股四头肌肌电信号比值明显降低(1.4∶1比1∶4.6,P＜0.01).结论 神经训导康复技术是改善偏瘫患者膝反张的有效康复方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the rehabilitating effect and mechanism of the neurological training of genu recurvatum after hemiparalysis. Methods The neurological training was used to rehabilitate sixty long-term stroke patients with hemiplegia and genu recurvatum. The functional evaluation of range of motion (ROM) of the knee, Fugl-Meyer of the lower leg, the time of weight loading, the intensity and its proportion of the motor program signal of musculus quadriceps fexoris and hamstrings were oserved before and after the treatment. Results After one course of treatment, the differences of all functional evaluation data, including knee ROM, Fugl-Meyer score of the lower limb, weight bearing time, electromyogram (EMG) of the quadriceps, and the EMG difference between the quadriceps and the hamstring muscles were all significantly improved. The ratio of hamstring EMG to quadriceps rehabilitation technique is an effective method of improving the knee extension ability in h.emiplegic patient after stroke.     

揿针对周围性面瘫患者面部残疾指数评分 面部神经功能及不良情绪的影响

<正>周围性面瘫(peripheral facial palsy)也叫面神经炎,是面神经受损所致面部一侧表情肌瘫痪的一种常见多发病,该病的发病特点一般为口歪眼斜,发病迅速。患者出现面部额纹消失,一侧面部肌肉麻木、瘫痪,味觉丧失,眼裂变大,唾液减少,口角低垂,讲话漏风等症状~([1])。纵使该病对患者的生命安全不构成威胁,但严重危害患者心理健康发展~([2])。目前西医治疗多采用药物缓解面部神经,降低面部     

中西医结合治疗面神经麻痹的观察

面神经麻痹,俗称"面瘫",是以面部表情肌群运动功能障碍为主要特征的一种常见病,其临床表现为眼睑闭合不全、口眼歪斜、泪液外溢,面部肌肉瘫痪以致不能做抬眉、皱额、闭眼、鼓嘴、咀嚼等动作[1]。本研究探讨了中西医结合治疗面神经     

对中樞性面神经瘫痪临床体征的观察

一般描记,面神经从面神经核发出,支配面部表情肌。面神经核分上下两个部分,上1/2是支配面上部的表情肌(额、皱眉及眼轮匝肌)其神经元是接受双侧皮层的控制。神经核的下1/2,支配面下部各肌(颊肌、笑肌等),其神经元单独接受对侧皮层的控制。(见图1)     

小儿难治性面瘫30例针刺研究

目的观察针刺患侧肌肉挛缩点治疗小儿难治性面瘫的疗效。方法将30例患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组取穴为患侧攒竹、鱼腰、迎香、地仓、阳白、四白、颊车,治疗组在此基础上加刺患侧面部肌肉挛缩点。治疗前后,依据House-Brackmann面神经功能分级标准评价疗效。结果治疗前两组症状无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗后两组疗效有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论本方法能理气活血,缓解肌肉挛缩,有效提高难治性面瘫患儿面神经功能。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.