原发性腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤术后生存期的相关性分析

目的 探讨影响原发性腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤术后生存期的因素.方法 回顾性分析2002年8月至2011年6月收治的35例原发性腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤患者的临床和预后资料.结果 32例(91.4％)患者经手术切除肿瘤,其中25例(71.4％)为根治性切除.在获得根治性切除患者中,21例(84.0％)复发并最终死于复发.中位生存时间为36个月,总体1、3、5年生存率分别为82.9％、54.3％和31.4％.在对患者术后生存期有影响的各因素中,手术方式(x2=16.871,P=0.000)、肿瘤最大径(x2=5.548,P=0.019)及肿瘤分级(x2=8.080,P =0.014)与患者术后生存时间相关；而性别(x2 =2.181,P=0.140)、年龄(x2=0.073,P=0.787)和辅助治疗(x2=1.344,P=0.511)对患者的预后无影响.结论 辅助治疗对腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤的治疗效果尚不明确,根治性手术仍是主要治疗手段.非根治性切除、肿瘤最大径≥10 cm及高级别肿瘤患者的术后生存期较短.     

贲门癌淋巴结外软组织转移的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 探讨贲门癌淋巴结外软组织转移(EM)与各种临床病理特征的相关性及其对患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年1月行根治性手术切除并经病理诊断明确的323例贲门癌患者的临床病理资料.其中男性272例,女性51例;年龄22～85岁,中位年龄63岁,分析EM阳性与患者临床病理因素的相关性及其对患者术后复发和生存的影响.结果 323例患者中有67例(20.7％)术后检出EM阳性,EM阳性与肿瘤Lauren分型、分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移相关(x2 =4.647 ～27.216,P ＜0.05).EM阳性与阴性患者的5年生存率和中位生存时间分别为12.3％、34.1％和20、39个月,5年生存率差异有统计学意义(x2=23.936,P=0.000).多因素分析表明,肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移和EM是贲门癌患者预后的独立危险因素.至随访截止,EM阳性患者的累积复发率高于EM阴性患者(59.7％比35.9％,x2=12.409,P=0.000).分层分析显示,有淋巴结转移患者中,EM阳性患者累积复发率高于EM阴性患者(60.9％比40.0％,x2=8.410,P=0.004),EM阳性患者5年生存率低于EM阴性患者(12.9％比30.1％,x2=12.939及P=0.000).结论 EM是贲门癌患者独立预后因素.EM阳性患者术后复发风险高,生存时间短.     

进展期胃下部癌D2根治术第13组淋巴结清扫的意义

目的 探讨进展期胃下部癌D2根治术第13组淋巴结清扫的必要性及可行性.方法 收集2001年1月至2007年6月问行胃下部癌D2/D2+根治术治疗、经病理确诊为腺癌且随访资料完整的胃癌患者共379例,依据第13组淋巴结清扫与否将患者分为清扫组与未清扫组.回顾性分析患者的临床病理资料,总结影响进展期胃下部癌预后的临床病理因素以及第13组淋巴结清扫的必要性和可行性.结果 379例患者中清扫组100例(26.4％),清扫组中淋巴结转移阳性患者9例(9.0％).清扫组与未清扫组患者性别、年龄、肿瘤最大径、分化程度、Borrmann分型、十二指肠浸润、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、手术时间、术中失血量、术后并发症的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Kaplan-Meier生存分析及Log-rank检验结果显示,清扫组的5年生存率(46.0％)明显高于未清扫组(36.5％,x2=4.452,P＜0.05).单因素分析显示,年龄(x2=7.539)、第13组淋巴结清扫与否(x2 =4.452)、肿瘤最大径(x2=7.100)、十二指肠浸润(x2=9.106)、浸润深度(x2=7.428)、淋巴结转移(x2=45.046)、TNM分期(x2=57.008)与进展期胃下部癌预后相关(P＜0.05);多因素分析显示,年龄(HR =0.500,95％ CI:0.343 ～0.730)、肿瘤最大径(HR=0.545,95％ CI:0.339～0.876)、十二指肠浸润(HR =5.821,95％CI:2.326～14.572)、肿瘤浸润深度(T4:HR=2.087,95％ CI:1.283 ～3.394)是影响进展期胃下部癌预后的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 对TNMⅡ～Ⅲ期进展期胃下部癌患者行D2+第13组淋巴结清扫是必要且安全可行的.     

原发肢体软组织肉瘤208例预后的影响因素分析

目的 探讨影响肢体软组织肉瘤预后的因素,特别是外科治疗对其预后的影响.方法 回顾性研究208例手术治疗的肢体软组织肉瘤患者,其中男性128例,女性80例,平均年龄46岁(9～98)岁.分析患者是否初治、肿瘤的大小(＜5 cm、5～10 crn、＞10 cm)、深度(深筋膜深层、浅层)、组织学分型(脂肪肉瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、滑膜肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、恶性神经鞘瘤、其他肿瘤)、病理分级(FNCLCC系统Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级)、外科边界(囊内切除、边缘切除、广泛切除、根治切除)以及辅助治疗等因素对患者预后的影响.结果 中位随访时间37.5个月(1.3 ～ 128.1个月),总体3年、5年生存率77％和75％;复发率28％和37％;转移率35％和43％.肿瘤大小、病理分级和术前是否有转移可以独立影响生存率(x2=18.813、24.849、21.107,均P＜0.05);是否为初治病例、组织学分型可以独立影响复发率(x2=21.915、12.192,P＜0.05);病理分级可以独立影响转移率(x2=7.714,P＜O.05).手术外科边界可以独立影响局部复发率和转移率(x2=19.610、9.272,P＜0.05).结论 外科边界独立影响局部复发率和远处转移率,从而间接影响生存率.尤其对无转移的初次治疗的软组织肉瘤,手术是首选方案,手术外科边界达到广泛切除或根治性切除将明显改善患者的预后.     

539例胃肠道间质瘤的临床分析

目的 探讨原发胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的临床病理特点及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2012年12月第三军医大学西南医院收治的539例原发GIST患者的临床资料.根据肿瘤可否行完整切除且不严重影响相关脏器功能的原则,同时结合患者情况和肿瘤位置选择治疗方式.根据患者术后改良NIH危险度分级情况施行术后辅助治疗.本组患者采用门诊复查、电话及书信方式进行随访.随访时间截至2013年2月.采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,单因素分析临床病理因素与GIST患者预后关系采用Log-rank检验,多因素分析采用COX回归模型.结果 539例患者发病年龄集中在40～ 70岁,占总例数的76.25％(411/539);肿瘤发生部位:胃316例、小肠100例、食管37例、腹腔37例、结直肠26例、盆腔23例.467例患者行手术切除治疗,72例患者行非手术治疗.术后病理检查结果:CD117阳性率为91.65％(428/467),CD34阳性率为86.30％ (403/467),α-平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性率为36.18％(106/293),S-100阳性率为9.78％(18/184).396例手术治疗的GIST患者获得术后随访,中位随访时间为29个月(2～ 94个月),患者1、3、5年总体生存率分别为97.4％、78.7％、60.0％.单因素分析结果显示:肿瘤直径、手术根治性、改良NIH危险度分级和肿瘤细胞核分裂象是影响原发GIST患者术后生存的因素(x2=69.846,69.776,67.368,49.041,P＜0.05).多因素分析结果显示:手术根治性和改良NIH危险度分级是影响原发GIST患者预后的独立危险因素(RR =2.493,2.330,P＜0.05).结论 GIST以40～70岁患者居多,肿瘤主要发生于胃,手术根治性和改良NIH危险度分级是影响GIST患者预后的独立危险因素.     

胃神经内分泌肿瘤临床病理特点及预后分析

目的:探讨胃神经内分泌肿瘤临床病理特点及其预后.方法:回顾性分析近11年收治的52例胃神经内分泌肿瘤的临床及病理资料.结果:全组男39例,女13例,平均年龄59岁.根据WHO( 2010)神经内分泌肿瘤新分类标准,其中神经内分泌瘤(NET) 19例(1级12例,2级7例),神经内分泌癌(NEC) 29例,混合性腺神经内分泌癌( MANEC)4例.病变发生于贲门、胃底31例(59.6％),胃体11例(21.2％),胃窦10例(19.2％).主要临床表现为上腹饱胀不适和吞咽困难.50例接受手术治疗,其中NET患者经内镜切除5例,胃壁局部切除3例,根治性胃切除11例,术后病理显示14例(73.7％)肿瘤局限在黏膜及黏膜下层,淋巴结转移4例(21.1％),脉管瘤栓1例(5.3％);NEC及MANEC患者行开放式根治性手术17例,姑息性手术13例,单纯探查手术1例,术后病理显示29例(96.7％)肿瘤侵及或穿透浆膜,淋巴结转移27例(90％),脉管瘤栓16例(53.3％).随访2～106个月,19例NET术后局部复发2例(10.5％),远处转移3例(15.8％),死亡2例(10.5％),1,3,5年生存率分别为100％,89％和82％;29例NEC术后局部复发1例(3.4％),远处转移25例(86.2％),死亡21例(72.4％),1,3,5年生存率分别为69％,43％和21％;4例MANEC术后远处转移3例,死亡3例.结论:不同分类的胃神经内分泌肿瘤的临床病理特点及预后各有不同,NET多为早期病变,治疗效果较好;NEC及MANEC恶性程度高,侵袭性强,预后较差.     

术中磁共振成像和多模态功能神经导航在胶质母细胞瘤手术中的应用

目的 评价术中磁共振成像(iMRI)和多模态功能神经导航在胶质母细胞瘤手术中的应用价值.方法 2009年2月至2010年7月,76例胶质母细胞瘤患者接受iMRI和多模态功能神经导航引导下肿瘤切除术.其中男性43例,女性33例;年龄14～79岁,平均49岁.分别于首次和末次iMRI扫描时计算胶质母细胞瘤全切除率和切除程度,采用x2检验比较全切除率.结果 所有患者均成功实施iMRI和多模态功能神经导航.首次iMRI扫描时,术者对24例肿瘤切除程度判断不准确,误判率31.6％.iMRI使得本组胶质母细胞瘤的全切除率从52.6％提高至78.9％(x2=11.692,P=0.001),20例(26.3％)肿瘤全切除得益于iMRI扫描和多模态功能神经导航.在28例首次iMRI扫描后继续手术切除肿瘤的患者中,肿瘤平均切除程度由81.5％提高到98.1％.所有患者的平均切除程度从92.3％提高到98.4％.术后3个月随访时,3例(3.9％)患者术后神经功能障碍程度较术前加重.术后随访时间3.0 ～45.0个月,平均15.6个月,术后24个月累积生存率为19.7％.60例肿瘤全切除患者中位无进展生存期12个月(95％ CI:10.1 ～ 13.9个月),中位总生存期16个月(95％CI:13.7 ～ 18.3个月);16例未全切除(次全、部分切除)患者中位无进展生存期9个月(95％ CI:7.9～10.1个月),中位总生存期12个月(95％CI:9.7 ～14.3个月),两组比较差异有统计学意义(无进展生存时间:x2=4.756,P=0.029;总生存时间:x2=7.885,P=0.005).结论 iMRI和多模态功能神经导航能够在提高胶质母细胞瘤切除程度的同时,保护患者的神经功能.     

结直肠高度恶性腺癌的临床病理特点和预后分析

目的 比较三种结直肠高度恶性腺癌(印戒细胞癌、黏液腺癌与低分化腺癌)的临床病理特点及预后.方法 对医科院肿瘤医院1988-2006年收治的有完整随访资料的148例结直肠黏液腺癌、55例印戒细胞癌和281例低分化腺癌的临床病理特点进行回顾性分析.应用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学分析,采用x2检验分析其相关因素,Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log-rank检验进行统计学比较.结果 结直肠印戒细胞癌、黏液腺癌和低分化腺癌在性别、发病年龄、肿瘤部位、有无肠梗阻、手术方式、脉管瘤栓、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和分期方面差异具有统计学意义(x2=7.67,38.4,86.0,14.5,93.7,17.3,62.1,24.4,56.17,P<0.05),印戒细胞癌中位生存期为24个月,黏液腺癌中位生存期为47个月,低分化腺癌中位生存期为49个月,差异有统计学意义(x2=21.3,P<0.05).结论 三种结直肠高度恶性腺癌(印戒细胞癌、黏液腺癌与低分化腺癌)是临床病理特点和预后不同的结直肠恶性肿瘤,印戒细胞癌的恶性度最高,预后差.     

新辅助化疗后行根治性切除术治疗局部转移性膀胱癌患者的临床研究

目的 考察新辅助化疗后行根治性切除术治疗局部转移性膀胱癌患者的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析局部转移性膀胱癌患者临床资料37例,依据是否接受新辅助化疗分为观察组(20例)和对照组(17例).观察组患者使用顺铂、吉西他滨新辅助化疗后行根治性切除术治疗.对照组患者接受根治性切除术治疗.随访记录患者化疗效果、前后肿瘤大小、不良反应和生存期.结果 化疗后患者治疗有效率75.0％ (15/20),肿瘤直径显著降低(P＜0.01).不良反应总体发生率为70.0％ (14/20),且主要为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.观察组患者中位生存期41个月显著高于对照组的26个月(P＜0.05).结论 新辅助化疗可以获得较高应答率,显著缩小肿瘤,结合手术治疗可延长患者生存期.     

Ⅳ期直肠癌的外科治疗及预后分析

目的 探讨Ⅳ期直肠癌患者原发病灶切除的价值和适应证.方法 回顾性分析1988年1月至2005年12月在外科治疗的118例Ⅳ期直肠癌患者的临床资料,将118例分为二组,手术切除原发病灶组(105例)和仅行造瘘术组(13例).采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log-rank检验进行统计学比较,应用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析. 结果 118例中105例行直肠原发病灶切除,同期行转移瘤切除16例;13例行造瘘术.手术切除原发病灶组总的5年生存率为8.5%.其中同期行转移瘤切除者5年生存率31.2%,行辅助化疗者5年生存率20%.手术切除原发病灶组与造瘘组中位生存期分别为15个月、13个月(X2=0.736,P=0.778).手术切除原发病灶组中转移灶切除和转移灶未切除中位生存期分别为20个月、14个月(X2=5.382,P:0.020).手术切除原发病灶加术后全身化疗为主者中位生存期为21个月.多因素分析显示原发肿瘤分化程度、肝转移瘤最大径和全身化疗是影响直肠原发肿瘤切除预后的最主要因素. 结论 对于Ⅳ期直肠癌能同时切除原发及转移病灶的患者,外科手术治疗可延长生存时间.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.