心肌钙蛋白Ⅰ在溶栓治疗中的临床观察

目的观察急性心肌梗塞(AMI)溶栓后血管再通和未通者与未溶栓者血清肌钙蛋白的动态变化.方法定量测定94例AMI患者的心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI),以＞100ng/L作为阳性判定值.结果溶栓再通者cTnI峰值较未通组与未溶组显著增高(P＜0.05),且峰值增大,峰值时间提前8小时,再通组cTnI恢复正常时间平均为(130±38)小时,较未通者提前60小时.结论溶栓后动态测定血清cTnI浓度、峰值时间,可作为判断溶栓成功的指标之一.     

急性心肌梗死患者血清肌钙蛋白的变化及对溶栓后冠脉再通的判定

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受静脉溶栓治疗血清蛋白-肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的变化及其评价溶栓后冠脉再通的价值。方法 66例AMI者均接受静脉溶栓治疗,应用ELISA法测定cTnI值。结果溶栓再通组52例,溶栓未通组14例,两组的cTnI释放大部分存在双峰,溶栓再通组第一峰时(11.34±3.2)h、第二峰时(23.80±12.42)h,比未通组相对应的时间明显提前(P<0.05),cTnI第一峰时比CK-MB峰时提前。以cTnI第一峰值到达时间≤14h判定溶栓再通的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为92.31%、64.29%及66.5%。结论在大多数AMI患者血清cTnI释放呈双峰,其第一、二峰值到达时间在溶栓再通组前移,血清cTnI≤14h作为评价溶栓再通与否,有一定的判定价值。     

肌钙蛋白Ⅰ及肌钙蛋白T在心肌梗死溶栓治疗中的检测应用

目的:探讨心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cardiac troponin Ⅰ,cTnⅠ)和肌钙蛋白T(Cardiac Troponin T,cTn T)的检测在急性心肌梗死(A-cyte Myocardial infarction,AMI)溶栓治疗中的应用价值.方法:对86例AMI患者(AMI溶栓再通组44例、溶栓未通组42例)进行血清cTnt、cTnl、肌酸激酶(Creatine Kinase,CK)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的检测.结果:不同时间点,血清cTnT、cTnⅠ的阳性检出率均高于同时期CK和CK-MB的阳性检出率;溶栓再通组cTnⅠ、cTnT峰值较未通组显著增高,且峰值时间提前(P<0.05).再通组cTn Ⅰ、cTn T 恢复正常的时间均提前于未通组(P<0.05,P<0.05).结论:cTn Ⅰ、cTn T检测AMI的敏感性和特异性都高于CK、CK-MB;溶栓后动态监测血清cTn Ⅰ、cTn T浓度、峰值时间,对于正确判断AMI患者溶栓治疗后冠状动脉是否再通及进一步指导治疗有重要意义.     

急性心肌梗死溶栓后检测肌红蛋白、肌钙蛋白I、肌酸激酶同工酶对冠脉再通的诊断价值

目的探讨血清肌红蛋白(Mb)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)对急性心肌梗死溶栓冠脉再通的早期诊断价值。方法应用酶联免疫分析法测定106例急性心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗后Mb、cTnI、CK-MB浓度的变化,分析急性心肌梗死患者溶栓再通组(73例)和溶栓未通组(33例)上述指标的变化。结果急性心肌梗死溶栓再通组Mb、cTnI和CK-MB达到峰值浓度的时间较未通组明显提前(P<0.05),其中Mb较cTnI、CK-MB峰值出现更早,分别为(5.9±2.5)h、(14.5±3.2)h和(14.8±3.9)h(P<0.01);Mb、cTnI和CK-MB对判断冠脉再通的敏感性、特异性、预测值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论血清Mb、cTnI和CK-MB可以较好地预测急性心肌梗死患者溶栓再通,其中Mb较cTnI、CK-MB能更早的判定冠状动脉是否再灌注。     

血清肌钙蛋白I与肌酸激酶同工酶对急性心肌梗死的诊断价值

目的探讨血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)与肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)的诊断价值。方法选择2011年1月～2012年1月在本院住院的AMI患者100例为研究对象,应用免疫化学发光法检测cTnI含量,全自动生化分析仪检测CK-MB。对符合溶栓条件的36例患者行溶栓治疗。结果 cTnI升高时间在溶栓组患者中与CK-MB相当(P>0.05),在未溶栓组则迟于CK-MB出现(P<0.05);溶栓再通组患者的cTnI与CK-MB达到高峰的时间均早于溶栓未通组和未溶栓组(P<0.05),而每组患者的cTnI和CK-MB间差异则无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组患者cTnI持续时间明显长于CK-MB(P<0.05)。cTnI的敏感性和特异性均高于CK-MB。结论血清cTnI和CK-MB的联合检测对诊断AMI有重要意义,cTnI是一种优于CK-MB的辅助诊断AMI的特异性血清标志物。     

急性心肌梗死患者重组葡萄球菌激酶对血管再通的影响

目的 :通过测定血浆降钙素基因相关肽 ( CGRP)、内皮素 ( ET- 1)和血清一氧化氮 ( NO)不同时间的含量变化 ,研究重组葡萄球菌激酶溶栓对急性心肌梗死 ( AMI)血管再通的影响。方法 :采用放免法及比色分析法对再通组 3 5例 ,未通组 2 5例及正常组 3 0例的 CGRP,ET- 1和 NO含量进行测定。结果 :再通组溶栓后 1h血浆 CGRP浓度 ( 2 2 0 .87± 3 5 .98) ng/ L达峰值 ,是溶栓前的 4倍以上 ;未通组各时间点 CGRP含量均低于再通组 ,溶栓后 1,3 h与再通组比较差异有高度统计学意义 ( P均 <0 .0 1) ;2处梗死者的 CGRP浓度峰值 ( 10 2 .3 3± 3 4 .89) ng/ L 较 1处梗死者 ( 14 5 .79± 4 5 .69) ng/ L 明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;再通组 ET浓度较未通组明显升高 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :AMI溶栓早期 CGRP和 ET浓度明显升高可能与梗死相关动脉再通有关     

心肌肌钙蛋白对急性心肌梗死治疗效果判断的作用

目的:探讨血清心肌肌钙蛋白(Cardiac Troponin T,cTnT)在急性心肌梗死(Acute myocardial infarction,AMI)治疗效果判断中的作用.方法:检测临床诊断为AMO患者血清cTnT值和肌酸激酶MB同工酶(Creatine kinase MBisoenzyme,CK-MB)值,分为溶栓治疗组和非溶栓治疗组.溶栓治疗后再通组和未通组.观察二个指标的变化特点.结果:溶拴治疗组cTnT值明显低于非溶栓治疗组,而CK-MB值二者无显著性差异;溶栓再通组cTnT值变化呈双峰型释放曲线,溶栓后血管未通患者只有一个峰值;溶栓再通组和未通组CK-MB值的变化均只有一个峰值.结论:溶栓治疗的AMI患者血cTnT水平明显降低;血cTnT值的变化可以反映AMI病人溶栓再通情况.     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗的心肌酶学改变

本文分析30例急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者血清肌酸激酶(CK),MB同功酶和MM_3亚型的动态变化。结果表明:以冠状动脉造影结果为根据,溶栓后冠状动脉再通组(5例)较未通组(5例)三种血清酶峰值升高,且达峰时间提前,但重叠分布很大。静脉溶栓组(13例)与对照组(7例)比较也出现类似改变,从而提示AMI再灌注后血清酶释放加速,检测这些指标可有助于判断冠状动脉再通。     

心肌梗死溶栓治疗中肌钙蛋白T的变化及意义

目的 探讨急性心肌梗塞(AMI)静脉溶栓治疗中血清肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)的变化及临床意义.方法 分别测定了33例急性心肌梗塞患者溶栓成功、溶栓失败及未溶栓者cTnT峰值变化.结果 溶栓成cTnT呈双峰的百分比显著高于溶栓失败及未溶栓者;溶栓成功者cTnT首峰时间较未溶栓组(包括溶栓失败着)提前;AMI后溶栓组与未溶栓组(包括溶栓失败者)14/38h、12/72h的cTnT比值之间差异有统计学意义.结论 溶栓成功者cTnT成双峰,其首峰提前至16h,峰值高于未溶栓或溶栓失败者,系列血清cTnT测定有助于判断溶栓治疗的疗效.     

肌钙蛋白Ⅰ在急性心肌梗死诊断中的应用价值

目的 通过肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)诊断中的比较研究,探讨各指标对于在心肌梗死诊断中的应用价值.方法 将63例AMI患者分成未溶栓组和溶栓再通组,采用Access全自动微粒子化学发光免疫分析系统,检测两组患者血清cTnI、CK、CK-MB的检出时间、达到高峰时间及恢复时间,进行统计学处理及分析比较.结果 cTnI升高对急性心肌梗死诊断的灵敏度高于CK、CK-MB;在心肌梗死后cTnI的增高和峰值出现时间均先于CK和CK-MB,且增高持续时间长.结论 cTnI的检测有助于早期诊断AMI,对延迟入院的AMI患者检测cTnI也有重要意义.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.