胃食管反流性疾病的研究进展

本文概述反流所致的食管炎，支气管哮喘的发病机理及诊断和治疗等方面的进展。     

十二指肠胃食管反流在胃食管反流病中的作用

目的　研究十二指肠胃食管反流 (DGER)在胃食管反流病发病机制中的作用及其对非糜烂性反流病 (NERD)的诊断价值。方法　 95例患者根据内镜检查的结果分为反流性食管炎和NERD组 ,对其均进行 2 4h食管 pH和胆汁联合监测。 结果　反流性食管炎患者DGER的各项指标 :吸光度值 >0 14时间百分比 (% )、总反流次数和反流 >5min的次数分别为 19 0 5± 2 3 4 4、30 5 6±34 0 4和 5 90± 6 37,均显著高于NERD组相应的 7 2 6± 11 0 8、15 6 8± 2 0 92和 2 5 9± 3 5 7(P <0 0 5 ) ,而酸反流差异无显著性 ,随着反流性食管炎的程度加重DGER发生率增高 ;18 2 %的NERD患者存在单纯DGER ,联合胆汁监测可使NERD诊断阳性率由 6 5 9%升高到 84 1%。结论　DGER可以单独发生 ,在引起反流性食管黏膜损伤或症状方面都有作用 ,2 4h食管 pH和胆汁联合监测有助于NERD的诊断。     

胃食管反流病

患者：男,58岁。主诉：反酸烧心5年余。 1．病例特点介绍患者诉近5年来间断出现反酸、烧心、胸骨后不适,近期症状加重．故就诊,     

胃食管反流阈值诊断食管反流性疾病

目的研究区别生理性和病理性胃食管反流性的 pH 值变化。方法胃食管反流症状患者400名及键康对照者100名接受食管内24 h 连续 pH 监测和纤维内镜检查。结果 24 h 内 pH 波动的百分时间分别是:食管炎组12.7%;非食管炎组9.5%;健康对照组2.8%。24内反流发作的百分时间为:食管炎组3.12%;非食管炎组2.04%;健康对照组0.18%。应用接受—生效—特征曲线分析法,将 pH 波动<6.7%和反流发作<0.1%确定为诊断生理性反流和病理性反流的复合阈值。应用该复合阈值对反流性食管炎的诊断敏感性为96.7%,对非食管炎的胃食管反流患者的诊断敏感性为90%;其诊断异常胃一食管反流的特异性为100%。结论将 pH 波动与反流发作两个指标作为复合闽值用于诊断胃—食管反流患者,很有价值,在诊断胃—食管反流患者时具有较高的精确度。     

胃食管反流性疾病的研究进展

胃食管反流病(GERD)是由于胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起反酸、烧心等症状或组织损害，常合并食管炎。北京、上海两地对5000例18--70岁普通人群的流行病学调查显示^[1、2]，胃食管反流(GER)症状发生率为8．97％，GERD的患病率为5．77％，反流性食管炎(RE)的发生率为1．92％。     

胃食管反流病食管动力学研究进展

胃食管反流病（ＧＥＲＤ）是消化科常见多发病，因其有较高的人群相关症状发生率（西方国家约７％～１５％［１］，我国约为７６８％［２］）和较严重的并发症，而受到广泛的关注．在以往的研究中已经认识到，ＧＥＲＤ是以胃食管动力障碍为主要病理机制的疾病，但由于该...     

胃食管反流与反流性食管炎

胃食管反流(gastroesophageal reflux,GER)主要由于食管下端括约肌(lower esophagealsphincter,LES)松弛,引起胃内容物反流入食管下段。这种现象可属生理性,常于正常人餐后出现,但因反流量不多,时间短暂,反流物即被清除回至胃内,并不致病。当有 LES 功能不良,导致频繁的 GER,量多且较持久时,可损伤食管下段粘膜而形成反流性食管炎,并能产生食管溃     

反流性疾病问卷在胃食管反流病诊断中的价值

目的 探讨以反流症状为主的问卷调查(RDQ)在诊断胃食管反流病(GERD)中的价值。方法 上海、北京等10家医院多中心研究，对128例有烧心、胸骨后疼痛、反酸、反食等四种消化道症状的患者，按症状程度与发作频率为记分标准(5级记分制)，最高分可达40分，取症状6分以上为人选患者，以内镜检查有否反流性食管炎(RE)及24h食管pH检测为诊断(3ERE)的金标准，并与RDQ分值进行比较，计算出诊断GERD的临界值。结果 RDQ分值与RE严重程度呈正相关，食管pH检测异常组DeMeester积分显著高于正常组(20．18／16．84)。以RDQ分值12为临界值，Youden指数最大，ROC曲线下面积(Az)为0．71，对GERD诊断阳性符合率达88．07％，阴性符合率为68．42％，敏感度为94．12％，特异度为50．00％。结论 RDQ调查是诊断GERD的一个良好的筛选试验。     

法莫替丁对重危患者胃食管反流和十二指肠胃食管反流的影响

重危患者中的病理性胃十二指肠食管反流 (ＧＤＥＲ)和胃食管反流 (ＧＥＲＤ)导致上消化道出血、支气管痉挛、吸入性肺炎的发生。本研究通过 2 4ｈ监测ｐＨ和胆汁反流 ,观察法莫替丁对ＧＥＲＤ和胃十二指肠食管反流的影响 ;分析胃内潴留量、呼气末正压通气 (ＰＥＥＰ)、急性生理和既往健康状况评分Ⅱ (ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ )评分、多器官功能失常综合症 (ＭＯＤＳ)评分与反流的相关性。一、材料和方法1.病例资料 :2 0 0 1年 6月～ 2 0 0 2年 2月在我院ＩＣＵ收治的重危患者 19例 ,平均年龄为 (5 6 .0 5± 11.96 )岁。其中颅脑外伤患者 11例 ,急性…     

胃食管反流病问卷对胃食管反流病的诊断价值

目的 评价胃食管反流病问卷(GerdQ)在胃食管反流病(GERD)患者中的诊断价值,初步探讨中国GERD人群的症状特点.同时探索一种适合中国人群的质子泵抑制剂(PPI)试验的诊断标准.方法 在全国五家医院进行多中心研究.所有入组患者填写GerdQ问卷表.以胃镜检查、24 h食管pH监测和PPI试验其中任何一项阳性作为GERD的诊断标准,评价GerdQ的诊断价值.以拟定PPI试验诊断标准与胃镜和食管pH监测的诊断相比较,并优化PPI试验的诊断标准.结果 拟定PPI试验诊断的敏感度为0.6627,特异度为0.4872.经统计分析,以PPI治疗1周最后3 d烧心、反流症状总评分较治疗前相比下降3分为优化PPI试验诊断标准,诊断的敏感度为0.3787,特异度为0.8077,阳性预测值为0.8101,阴性预测值为0.3750,Youden指数最大为0.1864.经人群矫正,GerdQ取临界值为10分时,Youden指数达到最大0.1080,诊断的敏感度为0.6690,特异度为0.4390.50岁以上女性患者随着评分的增高,问卷诊断价值下降.结论 GerdQ具有肯定的诊断价值.但在临床工作中,对特殊人群中症状突出而PPI诊断性治疗反应不佳的患者,GERD的诊断应慎重.PPI试验的评分以治疗1周最后3 d为佳.     

Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms in Japan

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Epidemiological studies have shown that 10-48% of people in developed countries have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of GERD symptoms and GERD in Japanese subjects. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of Japanese subjects who visited a clinic for a routine health check up was carried out. Subjects were asked to fill out a self-report questionnaire. GERD was defined as the presence of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation at least twice per week. RESULTS: Of the 6035 eligible subjects, 2662 (44.1%) reported having had heartburn and/or acid regurgitation during the past year: 124 (2.1%) daily, 275 (4.6%) twice per week, 773 (12.8%) twice per month and 1490 (24.7%) less than twice per month. Three hundred and ninety-nine (6.6%) subjects were diagnosed as having GERD and there was no relationship between the prevalence of GERD and either sex or age. The prevalence of bothersome GERD symptoms was significantly higher in subjects with GERD than in those without GERD. CONCLUSION: Approximately 6.6% of Japanese have GERD and most persons with GERD described heartburn or acid regurgitation as bothersome.     

Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms in Japan

Background and Aim:  Epidemiological studies have shown that 10–48% of people in developed countries have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of GERD symptoms and GERD in Japanese subjects.
Methods:  A cross-sectional study of Japanese subjects who visited a clinic for a routine health check up was carried out. Subjects were asked to fill out a self-report questionnaire. GERD was defined as the presence of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation at least twice per week.
Results:  Of the 6035 eligible subjects, 2662 (44.1%) reported having had heartburn and/or acid regurgitation during the past year: 124 (2.1%) daily, 275 (4.6%) twice per week, 773 (12.8%) twice per month and 1490 (24.7%) less than twice per month. Three hundred and ninety-nine (6.6%) subjects were diagnosed as having GERD and there was no relationship between the prevalence of GERD and either sex or age. The prevalence of bothersome GERD symptoms was significantly higher in subjects with GERD than in those without GERD.
Conclusion:  Approximately 6.6% of Japanese have GERD and most persons with GERD described heartburn or acid regurgitation as bothersome.     

Duodenogastral reflux burden gastroesophageal reflux disease

The article presents research data of duodenogastral reflux (DGR) role in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is shown that in the presence DGR, the reflux esophagitis is detected at a higher frequency and outside of esophageal manifestations of the disease. The comorbidities of hepatobiliary zone and pancreas contributes to the DGR development, as well as the syndrome of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine.     

Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux is a recognized clinical problem in infancy. To a great extent it represents a normal behavior that improves with maturation. The identification of appropriate candidates for medical and surgical therapy of GER during infancy is difficult and deserves further study. There are few well-conducted clinical trials of therapy for infantile GER that compare the usual drugs used for adults with GER. Moreover, medications currently licensed for adults are often not approved for pediatric use in the United States. Surgical therapy for GER should be reserved for infants with severe disease that does not respond to medical therapy.     

Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition requiring long-term treatment. Simple lifestyle modifications are the first methods employed by patients and, because of their low cost and simplicity, should be continued even when more potent therapies are initiated. Potent acid-suppressive therapy is currently the most important and successful medical therapy. Whereas healing of the esophageal mucosa is achieved with a single dose of any proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in more than 80% of cases, symptoms are more difficult to control. Patients with persistent symptoms on therapy should be tested (preferably with combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH) for association of symptoms with acid, nonacid, or no GER. Long-term follow-up studies indicate that PPIs are efficacious, tolerable, and safe medication. So far, promotility agents have shown limited efficacy, and their side-effect profile outweighs their benefits. Antireflux surgery in carefully selected patients (ie, young, typical GERD symptoms, abnormal pH study, and good response to PPI) is as effective as PPI therapy and should be offered to these patients as an alternative to medication. Still, patients should be informed about the risks of antireflux surgery (ie, risk of postoperative dysphagia; decreased ability to belch, possibly leading to bloating; increased flatulence). Endoscopic antireflux procedures are recommended only in selected patients and given the relative short experience with these techniques, patients treated with endoscopic procedures should be enrolled in a rigorous follow-up program.     

Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease

The gastroesophageal junction is structurally complex and functionally designed to ensure the acid secreted by the most proximal gastric mucosa flows towards the stomach and not up onto the oesophageal squamous mucosa. The pattern and mechanism of reflux vary with the severity of reflux disease and this probably represents different ends of a spectrum rather than distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Nearly all patients with severe reflux disease have hiatus hernia, however, a substantial proportion of patients with mild reflux disease do not, and this may be a result of intermittent or partial hiatus hernia undetectable by current available tools. The acid pocket is an area of post-prandial unbuffered gastric acidity immediately distal to the gastroesophageal junction and which is enlarged in patients with hiatus hernia. The acid pocket provides a reservoir of acid available to reflux when the intrinsic sphincter fails. Central obesity is an important factor in the aetiology of reflux and does this by the increased abdomino-thoracic pressure gradient inducing hiatus hernia and increasing the rate of flow of reflux when sphincter opens. Central obesity also induces short segment intrasphincteric reflux and thereby columnar metaplasia of the most distal oesophagus.     

Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease

The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease remains incompletely understood. Its hallmark symptom is "heartburn" and, on the basis of endoscopy, those with heartburn are subdivided into nonerosive reflux disease and erosive esophagitis. Although subjects with nonerosive reflux disease have no gross damage on endoscopy, a characteristic histopathologic feature of this disease is present on endoscopic biopsy. This lesion is known as "dilated intercellular spaces," a finding present within squamous epithelium. This report details how acid in contact with a damaged esophageal epithelium leads to heartburn and to the progression of nonerosive reflux disease to erosive esophagitis. It also addresses the fact that esophageal pH monitoring may be normal in a significant number of subjects with heartburn, particularly with nonerosive reflux disease, and details how this observation suggests that in addition to defects in the antireflux barrier, for example, transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and low lower esophageal sphincter pressure, defects in tissue resistance created by contact with ingested products may also be etiologic in some subjects with gastroesophageal reflux disease.