The contribution of peripheral muscle function to shuttle walking performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

PURPOSE: The contribution of muscle strength and mass to incremental and endurance walking performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown. This study analyzes the relationship between field incremental and endurance walking performance and indices of peripheral muscle mass and strength. METHODS: Eighty-five stable COPD patients (53 males; mean [SD] age = 67 [9] years; mean [SD] forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] = 35 [14] [% predicted]) were studied prior to participation in pulmonary rehabilitation. Isometric quadriceps and handgrip strength were measured. Total body and lower limb lean muscle mass were estimated using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Exercise performance was measured using the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and the endurance (ESWT) shuttle walk test. RESULTS: ISWT was related to muscle strength (r = 0.467, P 相似文献   

Effect of respiratory muscle endurance training in patients with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation

BACKGROUND: Respiratory muscle endurance training (hyperpnea training) has been shown to have beneficial effects in patients with COPD. STUDY OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether hyperpnea training, when added to an endurance exercise training program, would lead to additional benefits compared with endurance training alone in patients with COPD. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Patients with COPD entering an 8-week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. Fifteen patients (mean [+/- SE] FEV1, 45 +/- 6% predicted) were randomized to combined therapy, and 14 patients (mean FEV1, 44 +/- 4% predicted) were randomized to endurance training. METHODS: Peak exercise capacity, exercise endurance time during constant workload cycle exercise, 6-min walk distance, quality of life as measured by the chronic respiratory questionnaire, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and quadriceps fatigability were measured before and after endurance or combined training. RESULTS: After rehabilitation, peak exercise capacity, exercise endurance time, 6-min walk distance, and quality of life all increased in both groups, but there was no significant difference in the extent of improvement between groups. Mean respiratory muscle endurance increased to a significantly greater extent in the combined therapy group (17.5 +/- 2.7 vs 8.5 +/- 2.5 min, respectively; p = 0.02). Respiratory muscle strength was significantly increased, and quadriceps fatigability was significantly reduced after rehabilitation in the combined therapy group but not in the endurance training group, but the difference between groups did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The endurance of the respiratory muscles can be improved by specific training beyond that achieved by endurance training alone in patients with COPD. However, this improvement did not translate into additional improvement in quality of life or exercise performance.     

Endurance and strength training in patients with COPD

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of endurance training only to endurance plus strength (combined) training in a randomized trial of patients with COPD. METHODS: Twenty-four patients completed the study: 11 patients in the combined training group (FEV(1) 45 +/- 5% predicted), and 13 patients in the endurance training group (FEV(1) 40 +/- 4% predicted) [mean +/- SE]. Muscle strength, quality of life, exercise performance, and quadriceps fatigability were measured before and after rehabilitation. RESULTS: Combined training led to significant improvements in quadriceps (23.6%), hamstring (26.7), pectoralis major (17.5%), and latissimus dorsi (20%) muscle strength. Endurance training alone did not produce significant improvements in muscle strength: quadriceps (1.1% decrease), hamstring (12.2% increase), pectoralis major (7.8% increase), and latissimus dorsi (2.8% decrease). The increase in strength after training was significantly greater in the combined group compared to the endurance group for the quadriceps and latissimus dorsi muscles but not for the hamstring and pectoralis major muscles. Six-minute walk distance, endurance exercise time, and quality of life (as measured by the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire) significantly increased in both groups after rehabilitation with no significant differences in the extent of improvement between groups. The extent of improvement in quadriceps fatigability after training (assessed by quadriceps twitch force before and after exercise) was not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION: Strength training can lead to significant improvement in muscle strength in elderly patients with COPD. However, this improvement in muscle strength does not translate into additional improvement in quality of life, exercise performance or quadriceps fatigability compared to that achieved by endurance exercise alone.     

摄氧量平均反应时间在重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心肺功能评估中的应用研究

目的 探讨重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者在心肺运动试验(cardiopulmonary exercise test,CPET)检测零负荷热身期中的摄氧量动力学改变特点,研究零负荷热身期间摄氧量平均反应时间(mean response time,MRT)与COPD患者心肺功能及常规肺功能的相关性,探讨MRT值评价重...     

肺活量与用力肺活量差值预测慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动能力的研究

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者慢肺活量(vital capacity,VC)与用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)的差值(VC-FVC)与运动能力的关系。方法:共97例COPD患者完成了常规肺功能和心肺运动试验,根据VC-FVC的结果分为两组:1组VCFVC 77例,另1组VC≤FVC 20例,比较这两组的运动反应。结果:VCFVC组的第1秒用力肺活量(FEV1)和最大摄氧量(peak VO2)均显著低于VC≤FVC组,VC-FVC与peak VO2有显著的负相关(r=-0.404,P0.001),FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%)与peak VO2有显著的正相关(r=0.418,P0.001),以peak VO2作为因变量进行多元逐步回归分析显示,VC-FVC、FEV1%和年龄与peak VO2相关,可解释peak VO235.9%的变化。结论:VC和FVC测定简单,其差值不仅可以反应COPD患者气体受限的程度,还可预测其运动能力。     

Role of inspiratory capacity on exercise tolerance in COPD patients with and without tidal expiratory flow limitation at rest.

Expiratory flow limitation promotes dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with a consequent reduction in inspiratory capacity (IC), limiting their exercise tolerance. Therefore, the exercise capacity of patients with tidal expiratory flow limitation (FL) at rest should depend on the magnitude of IC. The presented study was designed to evaluate the role of FL on the relationship between resting IC, other respiratory function variables and exercise performance in COPD patients. Fifty-two patients were included in the study. Negative expiratory pressure (NEP) uptake (VO2,max) were measured during an incremental symptom-limited cycle exercise. Twenty-nine patients were FL at rest. The IC was normal in all non-FL patients, while in most FL subjects it was decreased. Both WRmax and VO2,max were lower in FL patients (p<0.001, each). A close relationship of WRmax and O2,max to IC was found (r=0.73 and 0.75, respectively; p<0.0001, each). In the whole group, stepwise regression analysis selected IC and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) (% predicted) as the only significant contributors to exercise tolerance. Subgroup analysis showed that IC was the sole predictor in FL patients, and FEV1/FVC in non-FL patients. Detection of flow limitation provides useful information on the factors that influence exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Accordingly, in patients with flow limitation, inspiratory capacity appears as the best predictor of exercise tolerance, reflecting the presence of dynamic hyperinflation.     

Body mass and fat-free mass indices in COPD: relation with variables expressing disease severity

BACKGROUND: COPD primarily affects the lungs but also produces systemic consequences that are not reflected by the recent staging according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. Body mass index (BMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) represent different aspects of nutrition abnormalities in COPD. We investigated whether BMI and FFMI could be related to parameters expressing airflow obstruction and limitation, exercise capacity, airway inflammation, and quality of life, and whether they would reflect the GOLD staging of the disease. METHODS: One hundred patients with clinically stable COPD equally classified into the five stages of the disease were evaluated for BMI, FFMI (measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis), airway obstruction and hyperinflation (FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC, inspiratory capacity), exercise capacity (6-min walk distance [6MWD], Borg scale before and after 6MWD]), chronic dyspnea using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, airway inflammation (sputum differential cell counts, leukotriene B(4) in supernatant), and quality of life (emotional part of the chronic respiratory disease questionnaire). RESULTS: 6MWD was significantly associated with both BMI and FFMI values, while FFMI additionally presented significant correlations with MRC scale, percentage of predicted FEV(1), and FEV(1)/FVC ratio. No association was observed between the two nutritional indexes. BMI was not statistically different among patients in the five stages of COPD, while FFMI reflected the staging of the disease, presenting the highest values in stage 0. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional status is mainly related to exercise capacity. FFMI seems to be more accurate in expressing variables of disease severity, as well as the current staging compared to BMI.     

重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动过程中摄氧动力学变化特点研究

目的 研究摄氧量动力学在重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者心肺运动试验(cardiopulmonary exercise test,CPET)检测中的变化特点,探讨COPD严重程度对摄氧动力学的影响.方法对20例Ⅲ级COPD、17例Ⅳ级COPD患者及18名正常健康者进行常规肺功能检测(pulmonary functi...     

运动心肺功能与慢性阻塞性肺疾病严重程度相关性分析

目的 探讨心肺运动试验(CPET)与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)GOLD分级间的相关性,明确何者为优.方法 67例稳定期COPD患者经GOLD分级后,先后进行静态肺通气功能(PFT)、CPET检测.记录FEV1%、FVC%、FEV1/FVC,CPET的最大运动功率(Wmax)、最大运功功率与预计值的比(Wmax%)、最大公斤摄氧量(VO2max)、无氧阈(VO2at AT)、氧脉(O2 Pulse)、最大呼吸频率(RRmax)、呼吸储备(BR%)、最大心率(HRmax)、心率储备(HRR)和每分钟通气量(VE).分析各参数与疾病分期之间的相关性.结果 VO2max、Wmax、O2 Pulse各期间差异有统计学意义;BR%、VE在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期间差异无统计学意义;VO2 at AT在各分期间差异无统计学意义;VO2max、O2 Pulse、VE分别与FEV1%或GOLD分期均显著相关;Wmax、VO2 at AT、BR%与FEV1%或GOLD分期均呈显著相关,而RRmax、HRmax与FEV1%或GOLD分期无相关性.运动受限原因主要有(40/67)为下肢乏力,(9/67)为气促,(7/67)为气促伴下肢乏力.结论 CPET参数与COPD的GOLD分期相关,同时CPET参数与FEV1相关性更高,单纯GOLD分期不能全面评估COPD患者疾病的严重程度,此外,CPET有助于明确运动受限原因.     

Comparison of specific expiratory, inspiratory, and combined muscle training programs in COPD

BACKGROUND: Respiratory muscle weakness may contribute to dyspnea and exercise limitation in patients with significant COPD. In an attempt to reduce the severity of breathlessness and to improve exercise tolerance, inspiratory muscle training has been applied in many COPD patients. On the other hand, there is a paucity of data related to expiratory muscle performance and training in COPD. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with significant COPD (ie, mean FEV(1), 37% of predicted) were recruited for the study. The patients were randomized into four groups: eight patients were assigned to receive specific expiratory muscle training (SEMT); eight patients received specific inspiratory muscle training (SIMT); eight patients received SEMT and SIMT (ie, the SEMT + SIMT group); and eight patients who were assigned to a control group received training with very low load. All patients trained daily, six times a week, with each session consisting of one half hour of training, for 3 months. Spirometry, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, 6-min walk test distance, the perception of dyspnea, and the Mahler baseline dyspnea index (BDI) were measured before and following training. RESULTS: Training caused a statistically significant specific increase in the expiratory muscle strength and endurance (in the SEMT and SEMT + SIMT groups) and in the inspiratory muscle strength and endurance (in the SIMT and SEMT + SIMT groups). There was significant increase in the distance walked in 6 min in the SEMT, SIMT, and SEMT + SIMT groups. However, the increase in the SIMT and SEMT + SIMT groups was significantly greater than that in the SEMT group. There was a statistically significant increase in the BDI, and a decrease in the mean Borg score during breathing against resistance in the SIMT and SEMT + SIMT groups, with no changes in the SEMT and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The inspiratory and expiratory muscles can be specifically trained with improvement of both muscle strength and endurance. The improvement in the inspiratory muscle performance is associated with an increase in the 6-min walk test distance and the sensation of dyspnea. There is no additional benefit gained by combining SIMT with SEMT, compared to using SIMT alone.     

Contribution of lung function to exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND: The importance of exercise capacity as an indicator of prognosis in patients with heart disease is well recognized. However, factors contributing to exercise limitation in such patients have not been fully characterized and in particular, the role of lung function in determining exercise capacity has not been extensively investigated. OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength indices predict exercise performance in patients with moderate to severe heart failure. METHODS: Fifty stable heart failure patients underwent a maximal symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill to determine maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), pulmonary function tests and maximum inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) pressure measurement. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, VO2max correlated with forced vital capacity (r = 0.35, p = 0.01), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r = 0.45, p = 0.001), FEV1/FVC ratio (r = 0.37, p = 0.009), maximal midexpiratory flow rate (FEF25-75, r = 0. 47, p < 0.001), and PImax (r = 0.46, p = 0.001), but not with total lung capacity, diffusion capacity or PEmax. In stepwise linear regression analysis, FEF25-75 and PImax were shown to be independently related to VO2max, with a combined r and r2 value of 0. 56 and 0.32, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Lung function indices overall accounted for only approximately 30% of the variance in maximum exercise capacity observed in heart failure patients. The mechanism(s) by which these variables could set exercise limitation in heart failure awaits further investigation.     

Relevance of assessing quadriceps endurance in patients with COPD.

The aims of this study were to investigate whether the impairment in endurance of limb muscles is a general finding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, affecting even those with mild-to-moderate disease or relatively normal physical activity. In addition, this study aimed to determine the physiopathology of exhaustion in local endurance tests and whether the reduction in quadriceps endurance can be predicted from muscle strength measurements. A total of 75 volunteers were assigned to one of two groups according to pulmonary function tests: COPD patients or healthy age-matched controls. Functional assessment included both quadriceps strength (maximum voluntary contraction (QMVC)), and quadriceps endurance (contractions against a load equivalent to 10% QMVC until task failure or for up to a limiting time of 30 min (QTlim)). COPD patients showed a decrease of approximately 43%, in QMVC and approximately 77% in QTlim compared with controls. Task failure occurred only in COPD patients and was due to muscle fatigue, since limiting symptoms were associated with a decrease in the median frequency of quadriceps electromyographical signal and a reversible decrease in QMVC. The impairment in skeletal muscle endurance was present even in patients with mild-to-moderate airflow obstruction and individuals with relatively normal physical activity, and was irrespective of lung function variables, anthropometrical data or quadriceps strength. Peripheral muscle endurance was impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, even in those with relatively normal physical activity and mild-to-moderate airflow obstruction. This impairment associated with an early onset of muscle fatigue and could not be predicted from the severity of the disease or the reduction in quadriceps strength.     

Clinical outcomes of expiratory muscle training in severe COPD patients

The most common symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are breathlessness and exercise limitation. Although both general and inspiratory muscle training have shown clinical benefits, the effects of specific expiratory muscle training remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of expiratory training on lung function, exercise tolerance, symptoms and health-related quality of life in severe COPD patients. METHODS: Sixteen patients (FEV(1), 28+/-8% pred.) were randomised to either expiratory muscle or sham training groups, both completing a 5-week programme (30 min sessions breathing through an expiratory threshold valve 3 times per week) (50% of their maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) vs. placebo, respectively). Lung function, exercise capacity (bicycle ergometry and walking test), and clinical outcomes (dyspnoea and quality of life (St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)) were evaluated both at baseline and following the training period. RESULTS: Although lung function remained roughly unchanged after training, exercise capacity, symptoms and quality of life significantly improved. The improvement in both walking distance and the SGRQ score significantly correlated with changes in MEP. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that a short outpatient programme of expiratory training can improve symptoms and quality of life in severe COPD patients. These effects could be partially explained by changes in expiratory muscle strength.     

Heart Rate Variability and Disease Characteristics in Patients with COPD

Heart rate variability (HRV) is reduced in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the relationships among HRV and characteristics of COPD are unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize HRV in patients with COPD and to verify the correlation of HRV measured during rest with disease severity and pulmonary, muscular, and functional impairment. Thirty-one patients with COPD (16 male; 66 +/- 8 years; BMI = 24 +/- 6 kg/m(2); FEV(1) = 46 +/- 16% predicted) without severe cardiac dysfunction were included. HRV assessment was performed by the head-up tilt test (HUTT), and the main variables used for analysis were SDNN index, LF/HF ratio, and R-R intervals. Other tests included spirometry, bioelectrical impedance, cardiopulmonary exercise test, 6-minute walk test, respiratory and peripheral muscle force, health-related quality of life and functional status questionnaires, and objective quantification of physical activity level in daily life with the DynaPort and SenseWear armband activity monitors, besides calculation of the BODE index. There was a statistical difference in all variables of HRV between the HUTT positions (lying and standing). There was no correlation of HRV with BODE index or FEV(1). Out of the BODE index, just the BMI was correlated with SDNN and R-R intervals (r = 0.44; p < 0.05 and r = 0.37; p < 0.05, respectively). There was correlation between HRV reduction and a lower level of physical activity in daily life, besides worse health-related quality of life, functional status, and respiratory and peripheral muscle force. Cardiac autonomic function of patients with COPD is not related to disease severity but mainly to the level of physical activity in daily life.     

Factors associated with improvement in breathing capacity during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between resting pulmonary function indices and the ratio of minute ventilation at peak exercise to the maximal voluntary ventilation (VEmax/MVV) and to determine whether an improvement in breathing capacity during exercise (i.e. VEmax/MVV > 1) is associated with greater exercise capacity in patients with COPD. METHODOLOGY: The results of pulmonary function tests and incremental, symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing in 84 patients with predominantly moderate to severe COPD were reviewed. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to determine the relationship of VEmax/MVV with selected independent variables at rest. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of VEmax/MVV 1. RESULTS: FEV1/FVC and inspiratory capacity (IC) were the only variables among resting pulmonary function indices that were significant independent determinants of VEmax/MVV and the stepwise analysis generated the following equation: VEmax/MVV = (-1.05E-02 x FEV1/FVC) + (0.15 x IC) + 1.28; r= 0.701, P < 0.001. Using multiple logistic regression with VEmax/MVV 1 as a dependent categorical variable, FEV1/FVC was the only significant predictor among resting pulmonary indices of a VEmax/MVV ratio of > 1 (Odds ratio 0.93, 95%CI 0.89, 0.97). There was a significant association between VEmax/MVV and peak oxygen uptake (VO2max) after adjusting for FEV1 (r = 0.66, P < 0.001). If the categorical variable of VEmax/MVV ( 1) was used instead of a continuous variable, a significant association with VO2max remained after adjusting for FEV1 (r = 0.60, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among resting pulmonary function indices, the FEV1/FVC ratio is the best determinant of an improvement in breathing capacity during exercise in COPD patients. After adjusting for FEV1, an improvement in breathing capacity during exercise is associated with significantly higher exercise capacity.     

Extending a home from hospital care programme for COPD exacerbations to include pulmonary rehabilitation

The principals of rehabilitation medicine are to prevent muscle atrophy and improve mobility. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with muscle atrophy and yet many patients do not undergo pulmonary rehabilitation until they have been in stable health for some time. We investigated the outcome of a supervised home exercise programme initiated immediately after hospitalisation for an exacerbation of COPD. Thirty-one patients were randomised into an exercise group (n=16, FEV(1) 0.94+/-0.34 L) and a control group (n=15, FEV(1) 1.08+/-0.33 L). The exercise group received a twice-weekly supervised exercise programme, in their homes, for 6 weeks. Spirometry, exercise capacity, isometric muscle strength, dyspnea level, quality of life at baseline and 6 weeks as well as subsequent exacerbations were quantified. At 6 weeks, the exercise group, improved the shuttle walk test (198 m+/-95-304+/-136 m) and increased 3 min step test capacity (119+/-40-163+/-26s) (both P<0.001). Knee extensor muscle strength and quality of life scores also increased. Neither exercise capacity nor muscle strength altered in the control group. Follow-up at 3 months showed that three of the control group and none of the exercise group had experienced subsequent exacerbations (P=0.06). Early rehabilitation via a home from hospital programme improved exercise tolerance, muscle strength, dyspnea scores, quality of life in COPD patients and reduced the number of subsequent exacerbations.     

Skeletal muscle strength and endurance in patients with mild COPD and the effects of weight training.

This study poses two questions: 1) is there an abnormality in isokinetic skeletal muscle strength and endurance in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? and 2) what is the effect of a randomized, controlled, 12 week hospital outpatient weight training programme in terms of skeletal muscle function and exercise tolerance? Upper and lower limb isokinetic maximum and sustained muscle function were compared in 43 COPD patients (age 49+/-11 yrs), mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 77+/-23% pred and 52 healthy, sedentary subjects (age 51 (10) yrs), mean FEV1 109+/-16% pred. The 43 COPD patients were randomly allocated into training (n=26) and control (n=17) groups. Isokinetic and isotonic muscle function, whole body endurance, maximal exercise capacity and lung function were measured. The COPD patients had reduced isokinetic muscle function (with the exception of sustained upper limb strength) as compared with healthy sedentary subjects. Muscle function improved after weight training in the COPD patients. Whole body endurance during treadmill walking also improved with no change in maximal oxygen consumption. A deficit in skeletal muscle function can be identified in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which cannot be explained by factors such as hypoxaemia and malnutrition. Intervention with weight training is effective in countering this deficit which the authors conclude is probably due to muscle deconditioning.     

AECOPD氧化应激与肺功能、最大呼吸肌力动态变化相关性研究

目的 研究AECOPD患者氧化应激与肺功能、最大呼吸肌力动态变化的相关性.方法ELISA检测47例COPD急性加重期患者血清丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)浓度,与其第一秒钟用力呼气容积( FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大吸气压(MIP)年下降值进行相关性分析.结果 MDA与FEV1年下降值呈正相关,GSH、GSH/GSSG与FEV1年下降值呈负相关,GSH与MIP年下降值呈负相关.结论 COPD急性加重期氧化/抗氧化失衡加速COPD的肺功能下降和呼吸肌力的减弱.     

噻托溴铵联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸及呼吸训练治疗稳定期中度慢阻肺的临床观察

目的探讨噻托溴铵联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)及呼吸训练对稳定期中度慢性阻塞性肺病(简称慢阻肺)患者的临床治疗效果。方法筛选稳定期中度慢阻肺患者,随机分为噻托溴铵治疗组、噻托溴铵+NAC治疗组和噻托溴铵+NAC+呼吸训练治疗组,各33例。在治疗前、治疗后6个月评定临床症状、改良英国MRC呼吸困难指数(m MRC)、6分钟步行距离(6-minute walk distance,6MWD)及肺功能。结果各组患者治疗前临床症状评分、m MRC评分、6MWD及1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)占预计值百分比(FEV_1%)、FEV_1/用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)比较均无显著差异(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,患者的临床症状及m MRC评分下降,FEV_1%、FEV_1/FVC及6MWD均增加(P0.05),而噻托溴铵+NAC+呼吸训练治疗组临床症状及mMRC评分、FEV_1%、6MWD的改善效果均优于同期对照组(P0.05)。结论噻托溴铵联合NAC和呼吸训练治疗对改善慢阻肺患者的临床症状、增加运动耐力有显著疗效。