经尿道前列腺切除术的优化操作(附170例报告)

目的　介绍优化经尿道前列腺切除术的操作方法。　方法　在 170例经尿道前列腺切除过程中 ,对某些习惯性操作进行尝试性改进。主要改进包括 :直视进镜、穿刺造瘘、强凝弱切、汽化电切、不切 11～ 1点。　结果　平均切除速度为 0 .6 5 (0 .13～ 0 .72 ) g/min ,与传统方法比较差别显著(P <0 .0 5 ) ;术后 3～ 5d拔出导尿管 ,98.8% (16 8/170 )的患者排尿通畅。　结论　操作优化后 ,可适当放宽经尿道前列腺切除术的适应证 ,提高手术效率 ,减少术中出血 ,降低术后并发症 ,值得推广     

经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术和电切术治疗前列腺增生症的比较

目的比较经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术和电切术的疗效。方法2003年10月~2006年7月,在127例前列腺增生症患者中,计算机随机数字法分组。1例神经源性膀胱患者,3例剜除术失败的患者退出试验。62例行经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术,61例行经尿道等离子前列腺电切术。比较手术腺体切除量、手术时间、术中出血量。结果剜除组术中出血少[(78.5±46.2)ml vs(115.0±43.5)ml,t=4.511,P=0.000],切除腺体多[(60.5±29.3)g vs(45.9±30.5)g,t=2.709,P=0.008]。两组手术时间相近[(93.4±35.5)min vs(81.3±46.3)min,t=1.629,P=0.106]。术后3个月前列腺症状评分、生活质量指数、最大尿流率、残余尿量以及并发症发生率(2/61 vs 5/62)差异无显著性。结论治疗前列腺增生症,经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术和电切术比较,剜除术腺体切除更彻底、出血少。     

A Prospective,Randomised Trial Comparing Plasmakinetic Enucleation to Standard Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Three-year Follow-up Results

Background

Plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) has recently been proved a safe and technically feasible procedure for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, its long-term safety, efficacy, and durability in comparison with the gold-standard transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) have not yet been reported.

Objective

To report the 3-yr follow-up results of a prospective, randomised clinical trial comparing PKEP with standard TURP for symptomatic BPH.

Design, setting, and participants

A total of 204 patients with bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) secondary to BPH were prospectively randomised 1:1 into either the PKEP group or the TURP group.

Intervention

The patients in each group underwent the procedure accordingly.

Measurements

All patients were assessed perioperatively and followed at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 mo postoperatively. The preoperative and postoperative parameters included International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) scores, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire, maximum urinary flow rates (Q_max), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)–assessed prostate volume, postvoid residual urine (PVRU) volume, and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Patient baseline characteristics, perioperative data, and postoperative outcomes were compared. All complications were recorded.

Results and limitations

PKEP was significantly superior to TURP in terms of the drop in haemoglobin (0.74 ± 0.33 g/dl vs 1.88 ± 1.06 g/dl; p < 0.001), intraoperative irrigation volume (11.7 ± 4.5 l vs 15.4 ± 6.2 l; p < 0.001), postoperative irrigation volume and time (18.5 ± 7.6 l vs. 30.0 ± 11.4 l and 16.6 ± 5.2 h vs 25.3 ± 8.5 h; all p < 0.001), recovery room stay (67.3 ± 11.1 min vs 82.0 ± 16.4 min; p < 0.001), catheterisation time (51.7 ± 26.3 h vs 80.5 ± 31.6 h; p < 0.001), hospital stay (98.4 ± 20.4 h vs 134.2 ± 31.5 h; p < 0.001), and resected tissue (56.4 ± 12.8 g vs 43.8 ± 15.5 g; p < 0.001). There were no statistical differences in operation time and sexual function between the two groups. At 36 mo postoperatively, the PKEP group had a maintained and statistically significant improvement in IPSS (2.4 ± 2.2 vs 4.3 ± 2.9; p < 0.001), QoL (0.6 ± 0.5 vs 1.6 ± 1.4; p < 0.001), Q_max (28.8 ± 10.1 ml/s vs 25.1 ± 8.0 ml/s; p = 0.017), and TRUS volume (21.0 ± 7.3 ml vs 26.4 ± 6.8 ml; p < 0.001), with urodynamically proven deobstruction (Schäfer grade 0.2 ± 0.02 vs 0.8 ± 0.1; p < 0.001). More extensive clinical trials are required to validate these results.

Conclusions

PKEP is a safe and highly effective technique for relieving BOO. At 3-yr follow-up, the clinical efficacy of PKEP is durable and compares favourably with TURP.     

Peptic Ulcer-Induced Acute Aortogastric Fistula Occurring 7 Years After a Pharyngogastrostomy Following a Resection for Carcinoma of the Esophagus: Report of a Case

A 46-year-old woman underwent a pharyngogastrostomy, following a laryngoesophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma. Although she had been disease-free for 7 years, she subsequently was admitted to undergo a workup due to fever along with chest and back pain. A few days after admission, the patient suddenly vomited a large volume of blood and went into shock. Bleeding was stopped with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, and an emergency thoracotomy was performed. A fistula between the thoracic aorta and an ulcer of the gastric tube was identified. We decided to close the aortic lesion directly because the adhesions were extremely dense and her blood circulation was poor. One week later, we resected the thoracic part of the gastric tube, debrided the fistula, and wrapped the aortic lesion with a patch. However, on the 18th postoperative day, she developed massive hematemesis due to rupture of an infected pseudoaneurysm in the thoracic aorta and died.     

TURP术后膀胱颈挛缩的原因分析及预防

目的对经尿道前列腺电切术（transurethral resection of prostate，TURP）后发生膀胱颈挛缩（bladder neck contracture，BNC）的原因进行分析，提出预防措施。方法将TURP术后发生BNC的28例与同期未发生BNC的60例患者进行比较。结果小前列腺、切除的前列腺重量轻、合并前列腺炎、单位时间内电切重量小者均易发生BNC（P〈0．05）。结论小前列腺、合并有前列腺炎及操作不熟练是BNC的可能原因，可采取严格手术适应证、提高操作技能、膀胱颈预切开等方法加以预防。     

经尿道等离子电切术治疗前列腺增生症(附36例报道)

目的探讨经尿道等离子电切术(PKRP)治疗前列腺增生症的临床效果。方法对36例接受PKRP的前列腺增生症患者进行分析,总结治疗效果和经验。结果 36例患者手术时间40～120min,未发生经尿道前列腺电切综合征(TURS)及包膜穿孔;术后留置尿管时间5～10天,30例患者获得随访,随访时间3个月,术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)较术前有明显改善(P<0.01)。结论经尿道前列腺等离子电切术是一种安全、有效的手术方法。     

Spontaneous Cholecysto-Cutaneous Fistula Complicating Carcinoma of the Gall Bladder: A Case Report

Most cholecystocutaneous fistulas are postoperative complications of liver and biliary tract surgery or trauma. External biliary fistulas rarely occur spontaneously as a result of intrahepatic abscess (pyogenic or parasitic), necrosis or perforation of the gallbladder, or other inflammatory process involving the biliary tree. A cholecystocutaneous fistula as a presentation of an underlying cancer arising from the gall bladder is an extremely uncommon finding. Over the past 50 years fewer than 20 cases of spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistulas have been described in the medical literature but so far there has been no published report of a cholecystocutaneous fistula arising from adenocarcinoma of gall bladder. We here report a case of a patient presenting with spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula from cancer of gall bladder.     

A Non-Randomized Comparative Study of Visual laser Ablation and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Background: Transurethral resection of the prustate (TURP) haz been the -preferred surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for the past 50 years. Alternative methods for treating BPH such as visual laser ablation (VLAP) have been established during the past decade. In order to assess the safety and efficacy of VLAP, this alternative method was performed using a Urolase fiber and neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and compared to results obtained in patients treated with TURP for BPH Methods: In this non-randomized comparative study, 100 BPH patients were equally split between treatment with VLAP or TURP, and their cases compared. The efficacy was assessed using an International Prostate Symptom Score, urinary flow rates, post-void residual urinary volume and an estimated prostate volume.
Results: There was a clinically significant improvement in all parameters in both groups. In the VIAP and TGRP groups. 92.0%, and 81.6% 90.2% and 862 and 931% and 100.0% were categorized as effectively-treated cases at 3, 6 and 12 months post-operatively, respectively. So severe side effect was seen in VLAP group. The total and post-operative lengths of hospitalization in the VLAP group were shorter, but the duration of post-operative bladder irrigation was longer in these patients.
Conclusions: Although TURP remains the standard surgical treatment for BPH, VLAP is associated with less morbidity and the clinical outcome is similar compared to patients treated with TURP. VLAP in conjunction with TURP may result in less risk of postoperative urinary retention and vesicle irritability.     

Successful Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bronchobiliary Fistula Caused by Repeated Transcatheter Arterial Embolizations: Report of a Case

Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare but life-threatening condition. We herein describe a rescued case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who developed BBF as a late complication of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). A 66-year-old man underwent repeated TAE for a large HCC during a 3-year period. Massive biliptysis developed after the last treatment and bronchoscopy proved the presence of BBF. Radiological studies exhibited a necrotic HCC in the right liver with a tumor thrombus protruding into the common bile duct. Localized pneumonia was also present in the right lung. A right hemihepatectomy with a bile duct tumor thrombectomy and a right lower lobectomy of the lung were performed. He is presently doing well at 6 months after surgery. Increased intraluminal pressure of the biliary system due to obstruction by the tumor thrombus is considered to have led to the rupture of the liver abscess into the bronchus, thus creating a BBF. This is the first successfully resected case of HCC associated with BBF.     

Visual Laser Ablation of the Prostate and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

For the past 50 years, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been the most common treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The authors have conducted visual laser ablation of the prostate (VLAP) for BPH as a minimum invasive surgery. The results were compared with those of VLAP, VLAP+transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP), and TURP as other treatments for BPH. In the VLAP group, 50 of 52 (96.2%), 36 of 40 (90.0%) and 31 of 36 (86.1%) were categorized as having more than a Fair Response (FR) at 3, 6 and 12 months, postoperatively. In the VLAP+TUIP group, 24 of 29 (82.8%), 19 of 22 (86.4%) and 9 of 11 (81.8%) were classed as having more than a FR at 3, 6 and 1 2 months, postoperatively. Forty–one of 42 (97.6%), 1 7 of 1 7 (100.0%) and 6 of 6 (100.0%) patients reaction to TURP was more than FR in overall response at 3, 6 and 12 months, postoperatively. The need for a blood transfusion, perforation of the prostate capsule and transit incontinence persisting for more than 1 month occurred in 1 of 45 (2.2%), 1 (2.2%) and 4 (8.9%) patients in the TURP group. Bladder neck contracture was seen in 4 of 52 (7.7%) in the VLAP group. Average postoperative catheter duration was shorter in the VLAP+TUIP (5.7 ± 8.4 days) than in the VLAP group (10.3 ± 10.4 days). Although TURP remains the standard treatment for BPH, VLAP results in less morbidity compared to TURP. VLAP with TUIP appears to lessen the risk of postoperative urinary retention and provide better results in longer follow–up studies.     

经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术联合腔内剜除法治疗良性前列腺增生症210例报告

目的探讨经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切术（bipolar plasmakinetic superpulse transurethral resection of the prostate,PKSP＋TURP）联合腔内剜除法治疗良性前列腺增生症（benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH）的临床疗效。方法2006年1月～2008年5月,采用英国Gyrus公司经尿道超脉冲等离子体双极电切与影像系统行PKSP＋TURP联合腔内剜除法治疗BPH210例。腺体不大者,直接剜除后行PKSP＋TURP;腺体较大、中叶增生明显者,先剜除中叶,行PKSP＋TURP后剜除两侧叶,再行PKSP＋TURP;腺体较大、两侧叶增生明显者,分别剜除两侧叶,同时行PKSP＋TURP。结果手术时间20～130min,平均50.2min;术中出血量15～210ml,平均62.1ml。未发生电切综合征和膀胱穿孔等并发症。术后留置导尿管2～9d。210例随访2～30个月,IPSS由（23.8±4.7）分下降至（6.8±2.3）分（t=56.851,P=0.000）,QOL由（4.3±0.8）分下降至（2.2±0.6）分（t=22.755,P=0.000）,Qmax由（8.0±2.5）ml/s上升至（23.5±12.5）ml/s（t=-21.602,P=0.000）,RU由（74.3±30.6）ml减少至（25.6±18.6）ml（t=11.315,P=0.000）。结论PKSP＋TURP联合腔内剜除法治疗BPH,具有安全、并发症少、疗效确切等优点。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后排尿困难的原因、治疗和预防

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切（transurethral resection of prostate,TURP）术后排尿困难的原因、治疗和预防。方法回顾分析2004年8月～2008年9月49例TURP术后出现排尿困难的临床资料。结果6例因为拔除尿管后膀胱颈和尿道水肿再次留置较细硅胶尿管,9例术后前列腺迟发出血未及时就诊予以膀胱冲洗后留置尿管,20例尿道外口狭窄予以尿道扩张或尿道外口切开,5例尿道其他部位狭窄予以尿道扩张,4例膀胱颈挛缩予以冷刀切开或扩尿道治疗,5例前列腺术后腺体残留4例予以再次电切,1例因结肠癌晚期长期卧床行膀胱造瘘术。结论TURP术后并发排尿困难,以尿道外口狭窄多见,尿道扩张是常用而有效的首选治疗方法。     

TURP术后膀胱痉挛性疼痛三种镇痛方式的比较

目的比较三种镇痛方法对经尿道前列腺电切术（transurethral prostatic resection,TURP）后膀胱痉挛性疼痛的效果。方法TURP手术患者138例,随机分为三组：56例术后接受硬膜外自控镇痛（patient-controlled epidural analgesic,PCEA）者为PCEA组;47例行静脉自控镇痛（patient-controlledintravenous anesthesia,PCIA）者为PCIA组;35例术后接受吲哚美辛栓肛塞加吗啡肌注为常规镇痛组。比较三组手术当日及术后3 d膀胱痉挛的次数、疼痛评分及膀胱冲洗时间。结果PCEA组与PCIA组膀胱痉挛次数与VAS评分均显著低于常规对照组,膀胱冲洗时间亦短于常规镇痛组（P〈0.01）。结论TURP术后应用PCEA、PCIA预防膀胱痉挛效果好。     

Colovesical Fistula Due to a Lost Gallstone Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Report of a Case

We report the case of a 74-year-old man with a colovesical fistula caused by a gallstone that was lost during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy 7 months earlier. The patient was cured after undergoing colonoscopic removal of the stone. To our knowledge this is the first case report of such a complication in the English literature. The report reviews the outcome and complications of retained intraperitoneal gallstones. Received: January 7, 2000 / Accepted: September 26, 2000     

阴茎皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤继发Fournier坏疽(1例报告)

目的:探讨阴茎皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的临床表现、病理特点、诊断和治疗。方法:男性患者,49岁,因阴茎皮肤红斑溃破后阴茎肿胀伴发热2个月,抗感染治疗无效。包皮背侧切开术后病情无好转,并继发阴茎皮肤Fournier坏疽。再行清创引流,病变组织送病理检查。结果:病理证实为阴茎皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤,免疫组化染色CD3(++)、CD45RO(++)、CD30(-)、CD79a(-)、CD20(-)、HMB45(-)。给予干扰素和窄波紫外线治疗2周无效,出现阴茎海绵体坏死、阴囊皮肤溃烂,行阴囊内容物和阴茎全切除,病理证实海绵体和右侧睾丸受累。结论:阴茎皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤是一种罕见的阴茎部肿瘤,因早期缺乏特异性临床表现而易被误诊,病理检查是确诊依据。     

经尿道前列腺电切联合小切口膀胱取石术治疗BPH并膀胱结石

目的：探讨BPH合并膀胱结石进行同期治疗更为有效的方法。方法：采用TURP联合经皮小切口卵圆钳膀胱取石术治疗BPH合并膀胱结石患者25例。即在电切镜监视引导下,将卵圆钳经耻骨上小切口插入膀胱腔内取石,再行TURP。结果：25例均一次手术成功,取石率100％,手术时间35～90min,平均65min,其中取石时间3～15min,平均7min;术后留置膀胱造瘘管1～3天,留置尿管3～5天;术后住院时间5～8天,平均6．2天。术后随访3～26个月,无结石复发,Qmax〉15ml／s。结论：TURP联合小切口卵圆钳膀胱取石术治疗BPH合并膀胱结石,具有取石时间短、创伤小、操作简单及安全有效等优点,尤其适合膀胱较大结石或多发结石患者。     

经尿道电切治疗高危重度前列腺增生

目的：探讨经尿道电切术治疗231例高危重度BPH患者的安全性和疗效.方法：回顾性分析231例高危重度BPH患者的临床资料.结果：经个体化准备后,231例患者均能安全耐受手术,随访6个月,平均IP-SS从26.7分降至6.3分,Qmax从6.5 ml/s升为16.6 ml/s,QOL由5.2分降为1.2分,剩余尿量由88.9 ml降为8.7 ml.结论：对高危重度BPH患者,只要加强围手术期的处理,且术者具备熟练的手术技巧,对高危重度BPH患者TURP是安全有效的治疗方法.     

食管癌贲门癌术后吻合口瘘的预防（附584例报告）

为降低食管癌贲门癌术后吻合口瘘的发生率，应用深浅间隔进针吻合法或附加大网膜覆盖术，连续施行食管癌贲门癌切除５８４例，无吻合口瘘。说明此法对食管胃吻合口瘘及胸胃穿孔有较好的预防作用。食管胃浆肌层“∧”“∨”型缝合包埋，可避免外压因素所致的狭窄。针对瘘易发生的多环节“综合治理”，相对固定术式，熟练掌握吻合技术能有效防止吻合口瘘发生。     

经尿道前列腺剜除术与电切术疗效比较

目的:探讨普通电切镜下经尿道前列腺剜除术与电切术的疗效.方法:对75例前列腺生患者行经尿道前列腺剜除术治疗(TUEP组),110例经尿道前列腺电切术治疗(TURP组).结果:TUEP组术中出血量(前列腺重量<0 g)、手术时间均明显少于TURP组(P<0.05),增生腺体切除重量明显高于TURP组(P<0.05).术后12个月,最大尿流率、国际前列腺症状评分,生活质量评分等组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:TUEP术与TURP术相比较,TUEP手术安全性更好,术中出血量少(前列腺重量<0 g)手术时间快、切除增生腺体更彻底.