腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的技术要点探讨

目的:探讨为急、慢性结石性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的技术要点。方法:回顾分析2005年6月至2008年12月为78例患者施行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的临床资料,针对胆囊三角的不同情况采取4种方法。结果:78例均成功完成手术,2例发生并发症(2.6%),无中转开腹和死亡病例。结论:针对胆囊三角的不同情况,采取不同措施,腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术安全可行。     

腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术的应用体会

目的 :总结腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术的经验。方法 :1 2例因粘连严重处于炎症急性期 ,不适宜行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 ,采取保留小部分胆囊后壁 ,不要求完整游离胆囊管 ,仅在适当位置行关闭胆囊管。结果 :1 2例均顺利完成手术 ,无并发症发生。结论 :腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术是腹腔镜胆囊切除术的补充     

腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术17例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的可行性。方法回顾性总结我科2000年6月至2006年8月收治的行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术17例胆囊疾病患者的临床资料。结果本组17例胆囊疾病患者均成功行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术,无中转开腹。术后发生胆汁漏2例,均在1周之内经保守治疗痊愈。结论特殊情况下行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术治疗胆囊疾病是安全可行的,有一定的临床价值。     

一组腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术病例的术后随访观察

目的随访观察一组腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术病例的术后疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年4月-2013年12月97例我院行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的患者资料。术后随访时间最长8年余,最短为6个月。随访期内行腹部彩超、CT、MRI等检查。结果术后右上腹疼痛者9例,3例因胆囊结石残留二次行胆囊残株切除术,无胆总管狭窄等严重远期并发症出现。结论腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术对某些病例是安全有效的治疗方法,对于结石残留的胆囊残株炎病例仍需二次手术切除残留的胆囊。     

腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术的临床应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术的可行性,总结困难型腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验,尤其是腹腔镜胆囊次全切除理念在困难型腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的体现及应用。方法回顾分析我院2008年1月至2013年10月所行腹腔镜胆囊次全切除病例,并以2011年5月为时间节点分为 A 组（节点前时段）、B 组（节点后时段）,分别比较前后两组的（胆囊切除实行专病专治）,手术时间、术后住院时间、术中出血量。结果 B 组手术时间（78.1±6.6）min 少于 A 组（97.5±7.3）min,B 组术后住院时间（3.5±0.4）d 少于 A 组（5.6±0.5）d,出血量 B 组（68.9±7.2）ml 多于 A 组（56.7±7.7）ml。差异均有统计学意义。结论腹腔镜胆囊次全切除应成为腹腔镜术者的常规理念;熟练掌握腹腔镜技术、积累一定经验后,腹腔镜胆囊次全切除可作为常规手术操作应用于临床。     

腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术在复杂胆囊手术中的应用

目的　探讨胆囊大部分切除在复杂腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用的可行性及安全性。　方法　对 1999～ 2 0 0 1年施行的 2 6例腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术的方法、手术疗效及并发症进行了回顾分析。手术指征为化脓性胆囊炎、Mirris综合征Ⅰ型、Calot三角“冰冻样”改变、萎缩性胆囊炎、胆囊床与肝脏瘢痕样致密粘连等。　结果　手术时间为 (5 1± 16 5 )分钟 ,开始下床活动时间 (11± 4 3)小时 ,开始进食时间 (2 2± 8 5 )小时 ,住院时间 (4 5± 1 5 )天 ,术后胆漏 2例 ,均经保守治疗治愈。随访 6月～ 2 5月 ,未见与手术有关的并发症。　结论　在困难胆囊手术中 ,腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术可简化手术 ,降低手术风险 ,可收到胆囊造瘘与标准胆囊切除相结合的疗效。     

腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术临床应用分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术（laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy,LPC）在胆囊疾病中的应用价值。方法将我院2004年1月～2008年3月收治的特殊类型胆囊病变94例随机分为LPC组和腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）组各47例。观测两组病人术中出血量、手术时间、LC中转开腹胆囊切除（operative cholecystectomy,OC）情况、术后引流情况、胆囊窝积液和并发症等指标。结果LC组术中出血量、手术时间和每天腹腔引流量均显著高于LPC组。LC组术后并发症及术后1个月复查时胆囊窝积液发生率也高于LPC组。结论LPC可简化手术,降低手术风险;减少术中并发症的发生率,降低LC的中转开腹手术比例,没有明显增加术后并发症的发生率,是一种安全、有效的手术方法.     

腹腔镜开窗式胆囊大部切除术的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜开窗式胆囊大部切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床应用。方法:回顾分析2010年12月至2017年12月为23例急性胆囊炎行胆囊切除困难的患者行腹腔镜开窗式胆囊大部切除术的临床资料。结果:23例手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹,手术时间平均(62±11)min,术中出血量平均(85±25)mL,术后排气时间平均(23.5±2.6)h;术后6 h饮水,24 h进食;无腹腔出血、肠管损伤、肝外胆管损伤、胆汁性腹膜炎等并发症发生;术后5～7 d痊愈出院。随访4～48个月,术前临床症状消失,饮食正常。结论:急性期胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜开窗式胆囊大部切除术可避免强行解剖胆囊三角,减少胆管、血管损伤等并发症的发生,手术安全、可行,是治疗急性胆囊炎及复杂困难型胆囊的有效术式。     

Mirizzi syndrome: laparoscopic management by subtotal cholecystectomy

Background The authors present their experience with laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for the management of Mirizzi’s syndrome and their review of the literature. Methods Over a period of 24 months, five cases of Mirizzi’s syndrome were encountered, representing 1.5% of all the laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in the authors’ unit. The sex ratio was 4 females to 1 male, and the mean age of the patients was 66 years. All underwent a subtotal cholecystectomy. Results All procedures were completed laparoscopically. Morbidities involved one case of biliary peritonitis and a one case of biliary leak requiring endoscopic stenting. Conclusion Mirizzi’s syndrome cannot always be anticipated on the basis of preoperative staging, and often is encountered during the procedure. The “anatomic scenario” of this condition should be suspected for patients presenting with conditions such as empyema or mucocoele when there is a likelihood of stone impaction in the infundibulum of the gallbladder. Subtotal cholecystectomy with secure intraperitoneal biliary drainage appears to be a safe option for these patients. Presented in part at the Association of Endoscopic Surgeons of Great Britain and the Ireland Spring Meeting, 24 May 2002, and at the 18th World Congress of Digestive Surgery in Hong Kong, 8–11 December 2002     

腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术临床应用探讨

为探讨腹腔镜下胆囊大部分切除术在复杂腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用价值，回顾分析近年来施行的280例腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC），其中31例为腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除的临床资料，对比两种术式的手术疗效及并发症。结果显示，31例均在腹腔镜下完成胆囊大部分切除术，无术后出血、黄疸及肝外胆管损伤,术后胆漏1例,经保守治疗治愈，随访1～28个月,未见与手术有关的并发症。但腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术组术中出血、手术时间和平均住院时间均高于LC组（P＜0.05），两组术后并发症无差异。笔者认为在困难胆囊手术中,腹腔镜胆囊大部分切除术可简化手术,降低手术风险,降低腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中的中转率，与LC一样是安全的。     

腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术中胆囊管残端的处理

目的:对比分析腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术(laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy,LSC)中胆囊管残端关闭处理和开放处理的效果。方法:回顾分析2001年4月至2009年12月为87例患者施行LSC的临床资料,其中胆囊管残端关闭处理(A组)36例,残端开放处理(B组)51例。结果:所有病例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无胆管损伤等严重并发症发生。A组术后4例发生胆囊管残留综合征(cholecystic duct remnant syndrome,CDRS),均接受再次开腹手术治愈;B组术后8例轻微胆漏,均自行愈合,无CDRS发生。结论:LSC适于困难条件下的胆囊切除;关闭胆囊管残端有可能导致CDRS,适时选择开放残端安全可行,可减少CDRS的发生。     

The use of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for complicated cholelithiasis

BACKGROUND: The risk of damage to the bile duct and structures in the hilum of the liver is significant when Calot's triangle cannot be safely dissected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and conversion to an open procedure often is performed. This is more common during emergency surgery, but may not render the procedure any easier. Traditionally, open subtotal cholecystectomy was performed, but with the advent of laparoscopic surgery, this has fallen from favor. The authors report their experience using laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy to avoid bile duct injury and conversion in difficult cases. METHODS: Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy, performed when the cystic duct cannot be identified safely, consists of resecting the anterior wall of the gallbladder, removing all stones, and placing a large drain into Hartmann's pouch. The notes for all patients who underwent a laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy between 1 September 2001 and 31 December 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Subtotal cholecystectomy was performed in 26 cases including 13 emergency and 13 elective procedures. The median age of the patients (15 women and 11 men) was 68 years (range, 36-86 years). The indications were severe fibrosis in 16 cases, inflammatory mass or empyema in 8 cases, and gangrenous gallbladder or perforation in 2 cases. The median postoperative inpatient stay was 5 days (range, 2-26 days). Five patients underwent postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: four for persistent biliary leak and one for a retained common bile duct stone. One patient required laparotomy for subphrenic abscess, and one patient (American Society of Anesthesiology [ASA] grade 4, presenting with biliary peritonitis) died 2 days postoperatively. One patient required a subsequent completion laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a retained gallstone. One patient had a chest infection, and two patients experienced port-site hernias. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy is a viable procedure during cholecystectomy in which Calot's triangle cannot be dissected. It averts the need for a laparotomy.     

腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术后胆漏的原因及处理

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术（laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy,LSC）后胆漏的原因、预防方法及处理措施。方法：回顾分析26例LSC术后发生胆漏3例（0.12%）的原因。结果：1例为术中胆总管前壁被电刀点状灼伤,2例为迷走胆管损伤,均经保守治疗痊愈。结论：LSC术后近期患者腹痛应考虑胆漏的可能,迷走胆管损伤、胆管灼伤为腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术后胆漏的常见原因,要仔细辨别Calot三角解剖结构,在分离胆囊床和胆囊三角区时,应将纤维索组织钳夹后再切断,避免热传导损伤胆管。此外,要适时把握中转开腹的手术时机,这是预防胆漏等并发症发生的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术不闭锁缝合胆囊残端的可行性研究

目的:探讨残留部分胆囊壶腹或困难胆囊行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术不闭锁缝合胆囊残端的可行性。方法:总结2006年1月至2008年3月16例Calot三角解剖困难患者行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术中残留部分胆囊壶腹或胆囊管的临床资料,术中胆囊残端不闭锁缝合,分析术后胆漏发生率、持续时间、量及住院时间、胆囊管残留综合征(cholecystic duct remain syn-drome,CDRS)发生率、胆道损伤等。结果:术后发生胆漏5例(31.25%);胆漏持续时间2~5d,平均(3.4±1.1)d;24h最大胆漏量10~150ml,平均(58±57.6)ml;住院时间7~12d,平均(8.7±1.4)d,未发生CDRS及胆道损伤。16例患者均治愈出院。随访1~18个月未发现与手术有关的近远期并发症。结论:Calot三角解剖困难时残留部分胆囊壶腹或胆囊管的腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术,术中不闭锁缝合胆囊残端可以避免发生CDRS及误伤肝外胆管等,出现胆漏经过短期持续腹腔引流后可自愈。腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术不闭锁缝合胆囊残端是安全、可行、有效的手术方法。     

Usefulness of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy with operative cholangiography for severe cholecystitis

Purpose

Cholecystectomy can become hazardous when inflammation develops, leading to anatomical changes in Calot’s triangle. We attempted to study the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) to decrease the incidence of complications and the rate of conversion to open surgery.

Methods

Patients who underwent LSC between January 2005 and December 2008 were evaluated retrospectively. The operations were performed laparoscopically irrespective of the grade of inflammation estimated preoperatively. However, patients with severe inflammation of the gallbladder underwent LSC involving resection of the anterior wall of the gallbladder, removal of all stones and placement of an infrahepatic drainage tube. To prevent intraoperative complications, including bile duct injury, intraoperative cholangiography was performed.

Results

LSC was performed in 26 elective procedures among 26 patients (eight females, 18 males). The median patient age was 69 years (range 43–82 years). The median operative time was 125 min (range 60–215 min) and the median postoperative inpatient stay was 6 days (range 3–21 days). Cholangiography was performed during surgery in 24 patients. One patient underwent postoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy for a retained common bile duct stone that was found on cholangiography during surgery. Neither complications nor conversion to open surgery were encountered in this study.

Conclusions

LSC with the aid of intraoperative cholangiography is a safe and effective treatment for severe cholecystitis.     

Delayed laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis with severe fibrotic adhesions

Background  Conversion rate to open surgery is higher for patients with acute cholecystitis than in those without acute cholecystitis. We attempted to develop a laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy to decrease this conversion rate. Methods  From 2000 to 2005, laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis was performed in 60 patients (22 women, 38 men). Patients were divided into two groups: group A (2000 to 2002, n = 22) and group B (2003 to 2005, n = 38). When significant difficulty was encountered dissecting the gallbladder from its bed, we incised the gallbladder wall leaving the posterior wall and cauterizing the remnant mucosa (subtotal cholecystectomy, SC-1). When dissection of the gall bladder neck and triangle of Calot was difficult, the neck of the gallbladder was sutured despite clipping (SC-2). Results  Mean duration from onset of symptoms to operation was 55.3 ± 52.0 days. SC-1 was performed in 8 patients in group A and 18 patients in group B. SC-2 was performed in three patients in Group B. Conversion rate was 18.1% (4/22) in group A and 0% (0/38) in group B, compared to 0.4% (1/221) for patients without acute cholecystitis. No complications were associated with ablated gallbladder mucosa. Conclusion  Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy offers safe and effective treatment for acute cholecystitis. The conversion rate in group B is decreased by avoiding hazardous dissection of the cystic duct.     

急诊腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术治疗老年急性胆囊炎的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术治疗老年急性胆囊炎的安全性和临床价值。方法:回顾分析2002年2月至2010年2月为45例老年急性胆囊炎患者施行急诊腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术的临床资料。结果:45例手术均获成功,2例发生胆漏,均于1周内保守治疗痊愈,2例切口感染。结论:老年患者急性胆囊炎病情复杂,合并症多,手术难度较大,在特定情况下行胆囊次全切除术是安全、有效的,具有一定临床应用价值。     

腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术治疗复杂胆囊结石的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术治疗复杂胆囊结石的应用价值。方法:回顾分析近10年259例复杂胆囊结石患者的临床资料。将患者随机分为两组,实验组146例,行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术;对照组113例,行开腹胆囊大部切除术。对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、开始进食时间、住院时间、术后胆漏等并发症。结果:实验组患者手术时间显著长于对照组,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、开始进食时间、住院时间、术后胆漏等并发症发生率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术治疗复杂胆囊结石具有患者创伤小、术后康复快、并发症发生率低等优点,手术的成功取决于术者的技术水平,只有成熟精湛的技术与丰富的手术经验相结合才能体现其价值。