心力衰竭患者血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1与血管紧张素Ⅱ相关性的研究

目的 :研究心力衰竭 (HF)患者血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 1(PAI 1)和血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )的变化 ,并探讨两者之间的关系。方法 :分别采用酶联免疫吸附法和放射免疫法测定 6 0例HF患者 (HF组 )及 2 0例健康人 (正常对照组 )血浆PAI 1抗原、AngⅡ水平。结果 :HF组血浆PAI 1抗原、AngⅡ水平比正常对照组明显增高 ,并且与心功能状态有关。血浆PAI 1抗原含量与AngⅡ水平呈正相关 (r =0 .994 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :AngⅡ是PAI 1合成与释放的重要调节者之一 ,二者相互影响可加速心功能的恶化。     

培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1水平的影响

目的:评价培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)水平的影响。方法:分别采用放射免疫法和酶联免疫吸附法测定60例CHF患者及20例健康人(正常对照组)血浆AngⅡ、PAI-1水平。60例CHF患者随机分为常规治疗组(30例)和培哚普利组(30例)。培哚普利组在常规治疗基础上加用培哚普利2~4mg,qd。治疗2周后复测血浆AngⅡ、PAI-1水平。结果:治疗前CHF患者血浆AngⅡ、PAI-1水平比正常对照组明显增高(P<0.01)。治疗2周后,培哚普利组血浆AngⅡ、PAI-1水平比常规治疗组明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:培哚普利不仅可抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统,而且可改善内源性纤溶功能。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ和血管紧张素1-7对内皮细胞释放组织纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂-1的影响

目的 :研究血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )和血管紧张素 1 7[Ang ( 1 7) ]对内皮细胞分泌组织纤溶酶原激活物 (t PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1(PAI 1)的影响。方法 :培养内皮细胞株 (ECV30 4 ) ,分为AngⅡ和Ang ( 1 7)刺激组 ,培养基中AngⅡ和Ang ( 1 7)加至终浓度为 5、10、2 5、5 0、10 0nmol/L ,2 4h后测定上清液中的t PA和PAI 1的含量。结果 :内皮细胞在AngⅡ终浓度为 5 0、10 0nmol/L组刺激 2 4h后 ,其分泌的PAI 1含量较对照组有明显升高 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。而Ang ( 1 7)在同样浓度组却显著降低PAI 1(P <0 .0 5 ) ,AngⅡ和Ang ( 1 7)两组t PA含量差异无统计学意义 ( P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :AngⅡ对内皮细胞株分泌的PAI 1有显著的升高作用 ,而Ang ( 1 7)对PAI 1作用相反。两者对t PA均无显著影响。提示AngⅡ和Ang ( 1 7)对纤溶系统的调节有一定作用     

纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1型与动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis,AS）是一种多因素疾病,它涉及血管的反复损伤、脂质沉积、血小板和纤维蛋白沉积、细胞迁移和增生等多个病理过程。近年来临床及流行病学研究揭示,AS患者常存在纤溶活性受损,而血浆纤溶活性降低常可归因于纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1型（plasminogen activator inhibitortype-1,PAI-1）水平的增高。     

纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物与肝脏疾病

纤溶酶原激活物(plasminogenactivator ,PA)主要有组织型(t-PA)和尿激酶型(u -PA)二类,由血管内皮细胞和组织细胞分泌,是一种有丝氨酸蛋白水解酶作用的单链糖蛋白,主要参与纤溶过程、细胞迁移和组织重建。纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(plasminogenactivatorinhibitor,PAI)大部分来源于     

糖尿病肾病与纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1、脂联素的相关性

目的 观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清脂联素(ADPN)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)水平变化及其与糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系.方法 用ELISA法测定正常人、糖尿病组(正常蛋白尿组、微量蛋白尿组、大量蛋白尿组)患者共120例的ADPN、PAI-1水平,并分析其与肝功能、肾功能、糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、尿微量白蛋白等指标的关系.结果 ①T2DM患者血浆PAI-1的活性显著高于正常对照组;ADPN的活性显著低于正常对照组.②血浆PAI-1、ADPN活性在DN患者中升高,且随着DN的加重而呈递增趋势.③DN患者血浆PAI-1活性与尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)、TG、体重指数(BMI)正相关.ADPN水平与UAER、血肌酐水平均呈正相关;而与血糖水平则呈负相关.结论 PAI-1升高、ADPN降低是DN的危险因素.高TG血症、肥胖、高血糖可能是影响ADPN、PAI-1活性的重要因素.     

高血压患者凝血酶原及纤溶酶原激活物和其抑制物测定

目的探讨正常人各年龄组间和高血压病人血纤溶指标的差异及其意义。方法用发色底物法分别时≤３９岁（ｎ＝４９），４０～５９岁（ｎ＝１４９），≥６０岁（ｎ＝６４）各组健康人和高血压组（ｎ＝５６）的血纤溶活性指标凝血酶原（ＰＬＧ），组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ）进行测定。结果≥６０岁组和高血压组的ＰＬＧ和ｔ－ＰＡ明显低于５９岁以下各组（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＰＡＩ则明显高于５９岁以下各组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论健康老人（≥６０岁）和高血压病人纤溶活性降低。     

肾素-血管紧张素系统的新成员——血管紧张素转换酶

肾素-血管紧张素系统在心血管疾病中具有非常重要的作用，近年来，又发现了一个新的成员——血管紧张素转换酶2，现对其生化特征、生理作用及临床意义作一综述。     

冠心病患者血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1水平的变化

目的 :探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 1(PAI 1)与冠心病及其不同临床亚型的相关性及其与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法 :选择 345例非糖尿病的住院患者 (其中 2 95例已行冠状动脉造影 ) ,分为对照组和冠心病组 ,测定血浆PAI 1抗原水平。结果 :血浆PAI 1抗原水平在对照组与冠心病组间无统计学差异。与稳定型心绞痛组 (SAP)相比 ,不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)患者PAI 1水平显著升高 [(2 5 .0± 7.2 ) μg/L比 (2 2 .3± 7.1) μg/L ,P <0 .0 5 ],经Logistic回归分析 ,PAI 1水平与UAP仍有显著性相关 ,调整后的OR值为1.83(P <0 .0 5 )。PAI 1血浆水平与冠状动脉病变支数无关。结论 :血浆PAI 1抗原水平升高可能与UAP有关 ,但与冠心病的发生无关 ,且对冠状动脉病变范围无预测价值。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物与肝纤维化

肝纤维化是肝脏对慢性损伤的一种修复反应,以细胞外基质(ECM)在肝内过多沉积为特征。尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)及其抑制物(PAI)是调节基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)活性和ECM降解的关键因素。uPA通过uPA-纤溶酶-MMP级联反应途径,最终可产生活化的纤溶酶和MMP,后两者是降解ECM的重要物质。因而调控uPA的表达,可能为肝纤维化的治疗提供新的途径。     

依那普利联合螺内酯治疗老年心力衰竭的远期临床疗效

尽管医疗条件不断改善以及心血管疾病治疗水平逐步提高,但由于人口老龄化,老年心力衰竭的发病率仍逐年增加,常规的心力衰竭治疗虽可改善血流动力学变化,但远期疗效不佳.心力衰竭的治疗目标不仅仅是改善症状、提高生活质量,更重要的是防止和延缓心肌重塑的发展,从而减少心血管事件,降低心力衰竭的病死率和住院率,改善长期预后.本研究对老年心力衰竭患者应用依那普利和螺内酯联合药物治疗,观察远期临床疗效,在老年心力衰竭患者的治疗上进行研究探讨.     

依那普利对心力衰竭患者血压及交感活性的影响

目的 研究不同剂量依那普利治疗后,在不同血压水平对充血性心力衰竭患者交感神经活性的影响.方法 选取2012年1月至2013年4月在江苏省泰兴市人民医院住院的心力衰竭患者,在未服降压药物的情况下,血压110/70 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）以上,纽约心脏协会心功能Ⅲ级或不必卧床的Ⅳ级.所有患者在入院时进行病史资料采集,并检测血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮浓度.入选后予依那普利口服,起始剂量5 mg/d,根据血压情况,逐渐加量至10 mg/d.三周后按平均收缩压≥100 mm Hg和＜100 mm Hg分为A组和B组.对于A组患者,从第4周开始,增加药物剂量,至平均收缩压＜100 mmHg,并维持至第6周.B组患者继续原治疗方案至第6周.在第3周和第6周分别进行上述神经内分泌因子活性检测,比较不同时间段两组神经内分泌因子的活性.结果 48例患者入选,其中A组26例,B组22例.两组治疗前临床特点、交感活性及治疗后左心室射血分数比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.治疗6周后,A组血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）剂量较B组大,差异有统计学意义[（14.3±4.5） mg vs.（7.5±2.4） mg,P＜0.05].两组肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素浓度比治疗前显著降低,差异有统计学意义[A组肾上腺素：（256.1±77.3） pg/mL vs.（168.7±53.3）,P＜0.05;A组去甲肾上腺素：（1 734±534） pg/mL vs.（844±399） pg/mL,P＜0.05;B组肾上腺素：（248.7±62.3） pg/mL vs.（218.1±60.3） pg/mL,P＜0.05;B组去甲肾上腺素（1 645±619）pg/mL vs.（1 084±431） pg/mL,P＜0.05],且A组下降更明显.两组治疗前后血浆肾素、血管紧张素、醛固酮变化不明显,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗后,达到相同目标血压时,较大治疗剂量患者交感活性下降明显,而治疗剂量较小者交感活性虽有下降,但下降幅度小,提示对于后者应当采取各种措施进一步降低交感活性.     

依那普利联合美托洛尔治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的临床效果观察

目的观察依那普利联合美托洛尔治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的临床效果。方法选择2012-06~2016-03在该院进行救治的慢性充血性心力衰竭患者120例,将其进行随机编号后按单双号的方法分为观察组和对照组各60例,对照组采用常规的药物依那普利治疗,观察组采用依那普利联合美托洛尔进行治疗,疗程均为3个月。比较两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果治疗后观察组的治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后每搏输出量(SV)、心输出量(CO)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)等指标的改善明显优于治疗前,治疗后观察组以上指标改善水平又优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用依那普利联合美托洛尔治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭,临床效果较好,可以在临床治疗中推广应用。     

The effect of enalapril on cardiac arrhythmias in patients with congestive heart failure.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of enalapril on the frequency of ventricular premature beats in patients with congestive heart failure. The study group consisted of 30 patients with a mean age of 47 +/- 0.6 years with chronic congestive heart failure (NYHA classes III and IV) due to primary dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiomyopathy in the course of ischaemic heart disease. Initial therapy with digitalis and diuretics was supplemented with enalapril at a dose of 5-20 mg daily. Initially and at three months after enalapril, the following parameters were evaluated: NYHA functional class, the presence of premature ventricular beats in 24-hour ECG recording and left ventricular function by echocardiography. The scheduled therapy was completed by 23 patients; in 5 patients, the intake was discontinued because of hypotension, one patient died after 14 days due to worsening heart failure, and one patient was submitted for pacemaker implantation. Clinical improvement manifesting itself by a shift to lower NYHA classes was found in 20 patients. A reduced number of premature ventricular beats was observed in 52% of the patients. Termination of cardiac arrhythmias, especially of complex beats, was parallel to the circulatory improvement.     

老年充血性心力衰竭患者神经肽Y的变化

目的观察老年充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆神经肽Y(NPY)水平的变化,并探讨其与CHF程度的关系。方法 108例CHF患者和180名健康人,年龄均≥60岁,应用放射免疫法测定血浆NPY水平,采用IE33型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心输出量(CO)和心指数(CI)。结果不同性别和年龄组间的老年CHF患者的血浆NPY水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.519,0.7486);不同病因所致老年CHF患者的血浆NPY水平差异也无统计学意义(P=0.5171)。CHF组与对照组血浆NPY水平差异有统计学意义[(273.78±105.75)ng/L比(138.49±32.80)n/L,P0.0001]。CHF患者的心功能分级与血浆NPY水平呈正相关(r=0.2932,P=0.010),CHF患者LVEF、CO与血浆NPY水平呈负相关(r=-0.1897,P=0.032;r=-0.3969,P=0.042)。结论血浆NPY可作为评估CHF程度的一种参考指标。     

Plasma urotensin II level in patients with chronic congestive heart failure

Urotensin II (UTII) is recently discovered neurohumoral factor influencing function and structure of the myocardium and remodeling of the vessels, and it may contribute to pathogenesis of chronic congestive heart failure. The aim of the study was estimation of plasma concentration of UTII in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. The investigations were performed on 79 patients (37 women and 42 men) aged 43-87 yr. (mean 69.2 +/- 9.8 yr.) and 15 healthy individuals. In all patients, echocardiographic examination of the left ventricle structure and function was performed and serum concentration of electrolytes and creatinine were measured. Plasma levels of UTII were determined before treatment and after 1 week, 2 and 4 weeks of treatment using RIA Peninsula Lab. Inc. Plasma level of UTII in patients suffering from chronic congestive heart failure was significantly lower than in healthy individuals before the treatment and after achieving compensation of the circulatory system using standard treatment, independently from sex, kind of heart failure (systolic-diastolic or diastolic) or coexistence arterial hypertension or pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart disease or diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. Treatment of chronic congestive heart failure resulted in a transient increase in UTII concentration except for patients with diastolic heart failure or diabetes. Only patients without ischemic heart disease have a permanent increase in UTII concentration at the time of the treatment. After achieving compensation of the circulatory system in the patients suffering from systolic-diastolic heart failure, UTII concentration was significantly lower than in the patients suffering from diastolic heart failure, in the patients suffering from ischemic heart disease significantly lower than in patients without ischemic heart disease, in the patients with arterial hypertension significantly higher than in those with normal arterial tension, in group of the patients with pulmonary hypertension lower than in group of the patients without pulmonary hypertension and significantly higher in group of the patients suffering from diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance than in group of the patients without this metabolic disorders.     

Beneficial effect of perindopril on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic heart failure: comparison with enalapril

BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), it remains unclear whether perindopril is more cardioprotective than enalapril. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-five stable CHF outpatients undergoing conventional therapy including enalapril therapy were randomized to 2 groups [group I (n=24): continuous enalapril treatment; group II (n=21): enalapril was changed to perindopril]. Cardiac sympathetic nerve activity was evaluated using cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy, hemodynamic parameters and neurohumoral factors before and 6 months after treatment. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. In group I, there were no changes in MIBG parameters, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). In contrast, in group II the delayed heart/mediastinum count ratio was significantly increased (2.0+/-0.07 vs 2.15+/-0.07, p=0.013) and the washout rate was significantly decreased (33.0+/-1.4 vs 30.5+/-1.2, p=0.030) after 6 months compared with the baseline value. In addition, LVEF was significantly increased and the plasma BNP level was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that for the treatment of CHF, perindopril is superior to enalapril with respect of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and BNP.     

心衰患者血浆B-型钠尿肽水平的研究

目的：探讨血浆B-型利钠肽（BNP）水平与心力衰竭患者心功能变化之间的关系。方法：测定43例心力衰竭患者（HF组）与38例健康体检者（正常对照组）血浆BNP含量,采用NYHA心功能分级法进行分级和超声心动图测定两组左心功能参数,并进行比较;HF组进行抗心衰药物综合治疗2周,然后就其血浆BNP水平及左室射血分数（LVEF）等心功能指标与治疗前进行比较。结果：随着心功能恶化,血浆BNP水平呈上升趋势,各级心功能间差异均有显著性[NYHAⅠ级：（156.15±71.42）pg/ml比NYHAⅡ级：（405.42±263.38）pg/ml比NYHAⅢ级：（736.12±395.47）pg/ml比NYHAⅣ级：（1106.36±582.33）pg/ml,P〈0.05]。经抗心衰药物综合治疗后,各心功能等级BNP水平较治疗前明显降低（P〈0.01）。BNP水平与LVEF（r=-0.578）、左心室短轴缩短率（r=-0.542）呈负相关;与左室舒张末内径（r=0.611）、心胸比率（r=0.534）呈正相关（P均〈0.05）。结论：血浆B-型利钠肽水平与心衰程度密切相关,测定心衰患者血浆B-型利钠肽水平是监测心衰程度的有效手段之一。     

Clinical and hemodynamic experience with enalapril in congestive heart failure

The renin-angiotension system is activated in many patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), resulting in angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction and aldosterone-mediated sodium and water retention. To evaluate the effectiveness of enalapril, a new converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril was administered to patients either orally or intravenously in a single dose, and hemodynamic and hormonal responses were measured. Patients were then placed on oral enalapril therapy for 1 month, and treadmill exercise duration and invasive hemodynamics were compared with baseline pretreatment data. With single-dose administration, both oral and intravenous enalapril reduced systemic vascular resistance and increased cardiac output. However, the effects of oral enalapril were not manifest for 3 to 4 hours, because oral enalapril is a pro-drug form that requires hepatic deesterification. In contrast, intravenous enalapril resulted in significant hemodynamic and hormonal changes 15 to 30 minutes after administration. During long-term therapy, enalapril was associated with improved symptomatology, increase of treadmill exercise duration and sustained hemodynamic improvement. Enalapril was effective therapy for chronic CHF. Optimal short-term response may require coadministration of both intravenous and oral preparations of enalapril; however, the magnitude of the short-term response was comparable for both preparations. Long-term therapy is most effective when the drug is administered as a twice-daily regimen.