矿化液、低浓度氟化物溶液和氟泡沫再矿化作用比较

目的本研究对矿化液、低浓度氟化物溶液和氟泡沫再矿化作用进行了比较,从而寻找出一种再矿化效果较好的制剂.方法采用实验室研究,分别用三种制剂处理表面脱矿釉质.应用显微硬度仪检测处理前后的釉质表面硬度值,通过对比前后硬度差异反映脱矿釉质的再矿化的情况.结果矿化液处理后的釉质表面硬度明显增加,有显著性统计学意义.低浓度氟化物溶液和氟泡沫处理后釉质的表面硬度无明显改变.结论在体外,矿化液的再矿化效果优于低浓度氟化物溶液和氟泡沫.它可用于治疗正畸过程中早期釉质脱矿.     

Effect of fluoride on artificial caries lesion progression and repair in human enamel: regulation of mineral deposition and dissolution under in vivo-like conditions

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine in vitro the effect of fluoride on (1) the demineralization of sound human enamel and (2) the progression of artificial caries-like lesions, under relevant oral conditions. METHODS: Thin sections of sound human enamel were exposed to solutions undersaturated with respect to tooth enamel to a degree similar to that found in dental plaque fluid following sucrose exposure in vivo, containing fluoride concentrations (0-0.38ppm) found in plaque fluid. Mineral changes were monitored for 98 days, using quantitative microradiography. The effect of fluoride (1.0-25.0ppm) on the progression of artificial caries-like lesions was similarly studied. RESULTS: Fluoride concentrations of 0.19ppm and greater were found to prevent the demineralization of sound enamel in vitro. However, significantly higher concentrations of fluoride (25.0ppm) were required to prevent further demineralization of artificial caries-like lesions. Demineralizing solutions with intermediate fluoride concentrations (2.1-10.1ppm) induced simultaneously remineralization in the outer portion of the lesion and demineralization in the inner portion. Simultaneous remineralization and demineralization were also observed in hydroxyapatite pellets. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the observed effect of fluoride on enamel demineralization is not solely a function of bulk solution properties, but also depends on the caries-status of the enamel surface. A mechanistic model presented indicates that, in comparison to sound enamel surfaces, higher concentrations of fluoride are required to prevent the progression of artificial caries-like lesions under in vivo-like conditions since the diffusion of mineral ions that promote remineralization is rate-limiting.     

3种氟制剂对邻面去釉后牙釉质再矿化效果的影响

目的 比较3种氟制剂对邻面去釉后牙釉质再矿化效果的影响,为临床选择预防邻面去釉后牙釉质脱矿的最佳氟制剂提供参考.方法 收集正畸减数拔除的前磨牙60颗,行近远中邻面去釉,牙冠颊舌向劈开后共120个标本,随机分为4组.对照组单纯用人工唾液进行再矿化,A组加用0.1 mol/L氟化钠溶液处理,B组加用6 000 mg/L(6 000 ppm)氟化泡沫处理,C组加用氟含量0.1％(质量分数)的氟保护漆处理.每4周处理1次,共处理3次.应用显微硬度仪测量每个标本再矿化前及再矿化后4周去釉面的显微硬度值,并进行统计学分析.结果 再矿化前、后牙釉质显微硬度差值在对照组为(3.42 ±2.27) kg/mm2,A组为(13.06 ±4.22) kg/mm2,B组为(20.21±4.96)kg/mm2,C组为(16.05 ±5.51) kg/mm2.各组再矿化前、后的显微硬度变化均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).再矿化前、后显微硬度差值在4组间的差异有统计学意义(F =26.168,P=0.000);两两比较,A、B、C3组与对照组的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),B组和A、C组间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),A组和C组间的差异无统计学意义(q=2.142,P=0.139).结论 氟化钠溶液、氟化泡沫、氟保护漆对去釉后的牙釉质再矿化均具有良好的促进作用,其中氟化泡沫的效果优于其他2种制剂.     

Effect of strontium in combination with fluoride on enamel remineralization in vitro

Previous studies showed that strontium (Sr) as well as fluoride (F) can enhance enamel remineralisation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Sr in combination with F on enamel remineralisation in vitro. Sixty enamel specimens obtained from caries free human premolars were demineralised to produce caries-like lesions. Half of each lesion was covered with nail varnish as an untreated control. The specimens were then randomly divided into F and Sr + F treatment groups. The F group was exposed to remineralising solutions (1.5 mM CaCl₂, 0.9 mM KH₂PO₄) containing 1 ppm, 0.1 ppm or 0.05 ppm F. The Sr + F treatment group was exposed to the same solutions including 10 ppm Sr. After 2 weeks, lesion depth, mineral loss and percentage enamel remineralisation were determined using transversal microradiography. There was a significant decrease in mineral loss in all groups (p < 0.001). Lesion depth was significantly reduced for all groups (p < 0.05) with the exception of group F. Remineralisation was significantly affected by F concentration (p = 0.000). The participation of Sr resulted in a significant enhancement of remineralisation (p < 0.001) with a synergistic effect of the Sr + F combination (p < 0.01). It was concluded that while the remineralising process was affected by the concentration of F, there was also an interaction between F and Sr when they were used in conjunction.     

Comparison of remineralization effect of three topical fluoride regimens on enamel initial carious lesions

Objectives

Some studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of different topical fluoride regimens on the remineralization of initial carious lesions. This study was conducted to compare the effects of 3 topical fluoride treatments on the surface microhardness, fluoride uptake, and fluorescence lesion area in enamel.

Methods

Forty-eight bovine teeth were demineralized and subjected to one of the following treatments: (1) no treatment (control), (2) iontophoresis using 2% sodium fluoride solution, (3) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel application, and (4) 5% sodium fluoride varnish application. Six persons continuously wore a mandibular removable appliance mounted with eight treated bovine teeth orally for 4 weeks, except while eating, sleeping, and brushing. Microhardness of enamel surfaces was measured using a digital microhardness tester. The fluoride concentration was analyzed using a fluoride electrode, and the fluorescence lesion area was calculated by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Results

No significant differences in the microhardness were observed in response to the 3 fluoride regimens. The highest level of fluoride was observed in the APF gel group. APF gel group also showed significantly reduced fluorescence lesion areas compared to those of the control group.

Conclusions

The fluoride regimens showed no difference in surface microhardness; although APF gel showed the best effects in terms of fluoride uptake and decrease in the fluorescence lesion area, its effects were not significantly different from those of fluoride varnish.     

Effect of compounds of Galla chinensis and their combined effects with fluoride on remineralization of initial enamel lesion in vitro

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chemical compounds of Galla chinensis and their combined effects with fluoride on remineralization of artificial early enamel caries. METHOD: Bovine enamel blocks with in vitro produced initial lesion were used. The lesions were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 12 days. Each daily cycle included 4x 1min applications with one of six treatments group A: 1000ppm F aq. (as NaF, positive control); group B: deionized water (DDW, negative control); group C: 4000ppm crude aqueous extract of G. chinensis (GCE); group D: 4000ppm gallic acid; group E: 4000ppm GCE with 1000ppm F; group F: 4000ppm gallic acid with 1000ppm F. The enamel specimens were analyzed by transverse microradiography. Integrated mineral loss (IML) and lesion depth (LD) were measured and mineral content in the surface layer and lesion body were calculated. RESULTS: The LD and IML were significantly different among the different treatment groups. GCE and gallic acid could reduce LD and IML significantly compared with DDW. Groups E and F showed the shallowest lesion. In the groups with gallic acid (groups D and F), mineral deposition predominated in the surface layer. In groups with GCE (groups C and E), more mineral deposition occurred in the lesion body. CONCLUSION: The chemical compounds of G. chinensis were able to enhance remineralization of dental enamel. They also had combined effects with fluoride on enhancing remineralization.     

含氟涂料和含氟牙膏对釉面再矿化和抗酸作用的实验研究

目的：观察含氟涂料与含氟牙膏对釉质表面再矿化和抗酸作用。方法：取牛恒切牙制备釉质片;统一酸蚀脱矿后随机分为4组（n＝3）;分别为生理盐水（A组对照）、Duraphat含氟涂料（B组）、Fluor Protector含氟涂料（C组）、含氟牙膏规律处理（D组）;处理期间标本置于人工唾液孵育2周;再次酸蚀;各阶段均用显微硬度仪测定釉面显微硬度、扫描电镜观察釉面,图像分析电镜下釉面微孔隙面积差异;统计分析。结果：首次酸蚀后釉面明显脱矿。分组处理2周,A组釉面再矿化不明显;B组和C组釉面形成涂料保护层;D组釉面可见明显再矿化。再次酸蚀后：A组和D组显微硬度下降,B组和C组涂料保护层有明显抗酸作用。再次酸蚀后,A组和D组釉面微孔隙面积增加（P＜0．05）,但D组小于A组（P＜0．05）;B组、C组无显著变化（P＞0．05）。结论：含氟涂料在釉面形成保护层,具有抗酸蚀和促进釉面再矿化作用;含氟牙膏能促进脱矿釉面再矿化,抗酸作用较弱。     

The effect of xylitol and fluoride on remineralization for primary tooth enamel caries in vitro

The effect of fluoride and xylitol on remineralization at the early stage of the enamel caries in primary tooth was studied. The samples were divided into four groups (control, 10% xylitol, 950 ppm NaF and 10% xylitol+950 ppm NaF) and analyzed by the using single thin section method and pHcycling model in vitro. The remineralizing ratio were control –8.9%, xylitol –0.4%, NaF 8.3% and xylitol + NaF 32.4%, respectively. Xylitol+NaF group particularly showed significantly smaller ΔZ value compared with 0 days (P<0.05). Therefore we assume that the effect of xylitol and fluoride are additive. We concluded that xylitol and fluoride treatment to the tooth enamel may be an effective caries-preventive measure in both primary and permanent tooth enamel.     

Effect of fluoride containing bleaching agents on enamel surface properties

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of fluoridated bleaching agents and post-bleaching fluoridation treatment on the whitening efficiency and microhardness of bovine enamel. METHODS: Twenty five freshly extracted bovine incisors were cut into halves, embedded and then divided into the following five groups: Group 1, untreated controls; Group 2, treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agent; Group 3, treatment with 10% CP followed by a 0.9% sodium fluoride gel application, Group 4, treatment with 10% CP containing 0.11% fluoride; Group 5, treatment with an experimental bleaching agent consisting of 10% CP and 0.37% fluoride. Groups 2-5 were treated 8h per day for 14 days then immersed in saliva for 2 weeks. Enamel morphology changes were evaluated under SEM on Day 14. Changes in enamel color and microhardness were evaluated on Days 7 and 14, and compared with the baseline data. Additionally, microhardness was determined on post-bleaching Days 21 and 28. RESULTS: After 2 weeks, an erosion pattern was noted on the specimens in Groups 2 and 3. Groups 4 and 5 showed a milder demineralized pattern. All the bleached enamel specimens revealed increased whiteness and overall color value. Groups 2 and 3 showed significantly decreased enamel microhardness compared to their baseline data. The specimens treated with fluoridated bleaching agents showed relatively less reduction in enamel microhardness than those treated with nonfluoridated agents during the bleaching treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The fluoridated bleaching agents produced less demineralization of surface morphology and microhardness. The addition of fluoride did not impede the whitening effect.     

釉质脱矿与再矿化的实验室及临床评估方法

釉质再矿化的研究是近年研究的热点,对釉质再矿化前后的评估方法多种多样,目前国际尚无统一的标准。作者就评估脱矿与再矿化的实验室及临床研究方法及其应用范围、优缺点进行综述。     

邻面去釉后牙釉质再矿化的体外研究

目的 探讨邻面去釉后牙釉质再矿化的方法.方法 以正畸减数的双尖牙为实验样本,共60个,随机平分为A,B组.A组采用去釉砂条去釉＋35％磷酸抛光;B组采用片切盘去釉＋35％磷酸抛光.每组再根据不同的氟保护剂随机平分为三个亚组.Ⅰ组去釉后应用氟保护漆,Ⅱ组应用氟化泡沫,Ⅲ组未处理,为对照组.经体外PH循环15 d后采用定量的显微硬度检测,进行统计学处理.结果 每组内的三个亚组间的显微硬度值差异均有统计学意义（P值分别为0.0015和0.0016）,其中,Ⅰ组最高,ⅠA为（282.64±25.20） kg/mm2,ⅠB为（264.90±24.32）kg/mm2;Ⅲ组最低,ⅢA为（187.92±45.53） kg/mm2,ⅢB为（170.90±30.73）kg/mm2.每组内,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间均无统计学差别,而Ⅰ组比Ⅲ组均高,差异有统计学意义;Ⅱ组比Ⅲ组均高,差异有统计学意义.结论 体外实验提示,经去釉砂条或片切盘去釉＋35％磷酸抛光后,氟保护漆和氟化泡沫对去釉后的牙釉质均有良好的再矿化作用.     

Effect of fluoridated bleaching gels on the remineralization of predemineralized bovine enamel in vitro

Objectives

This study evaluated possible differences regarding the remineralization of predemineralized enamel after exposure to fluoridated or non-fluoridated bleaching gels.

Methods

120 enamel specimens were prepared from sixty bovine incisors; before and after demineralization (37 °C; pH 4.95; 10 d), one-quarter of each specimen's surface was covered with nail varnish (control sound/demineralized). Subsequently, the specimens were stored for 16 h daily in a remineralizing solution (pH 7.0; 14 d), while for the remaining time (8 h) various bleaching gels were applied: (1) no treatment (control), (2) Opalescence regular (O, Ultradent), (3) Opalescence PF (O-PF), (4) Nite White ACP (NW-ACP, Discus Dental) and (5) Nite White ACPF (NW-ACPF). Following, half of the bleached parts were nail-varnished and stored for another 3-weeks period in a remineralizing solution. Differences in mineral losses (ΔΔZ) and lesion depths (ΔLD) before and after treatment/remineralization period were evaluated from microradiographs. ΔΔZ_surface values (mineral loss of the outer 18 μm of the lesion) were calculated.

Results

After 2 and 5 weeks ΔΔZ/ΔLD values of the bleaching groups did not differ significantly from the controls. Treatment with NW-ACPF for 2 weeks resulted in significantly lower ΔΔZ values compared to NW-ACP (p = 0.032) and NW-ACPF in higher values than Opalescence regular (p = 0.006). Two weeks treatment with O and O-PF resulted in decreased ΔΔZ_surface values compared to control (p < 0.0005), whereas with NW-ACPF no significant differences could be observed (p = 0.062). Application of NW-ACP induced significantly increased ΔΔZ_surface values compared to control (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

No supporting influence of fluoride-containing bleaching gels on remineralization could be observed.     

氟涂料用于固定矫治后釉质脱矿再矿化治疗的效果

目的评价氟浓度为2.26 mg/mL的氟涂料应用于正畸固定矫治后釉质脱矿再矿化治疗的临床效果。方法对正畸固定矫治结束并拆除托槽的患者进行牙釉质脱矿状况检查,选择符合纳入标准的110例受试者,随机分为2组,试验组在脱矿牙面上涂布氟涂料,对照组在脱矿牙面上涂布蒸馏水,每个月1次,持续6个月,在拆除托槽当天（基线）和拆除托槽3个月、6个月分别对唇颊面釉质脱矿区域进行临床视诊检查,使用临床视诊指数进行评分。结果基线、3个月、6个月时试验组的视诊指数分别为（2.22±0.42）分、（2.18±0.43）分、（2.15±0.41）分;对照组的视诊指数分别为（2.15±0.36）分、（2.14±0.38）分、（2.14±0.38）分。基线（t=2.470,P=0.228）、拆除托槽3个月（t=0.651,P=0.516）及6个月（t=0.149,P=0.882）试验组与对照组的差异均没有统计学意义。试验组的临床视诊指数在拆除托槽3个月、6个月与基线比较差异均有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.05）,但第3个月与第6个月的差异没有统计学意义（t=1.860,P=0.083）。结论应用2.26 mg/mL的氟涂料对固定矫治后出现的釉质脱矿进行再矿化治疗后,牙釉质脱矿程度有所降低,但再矿化效果不够显著。     

Comparison of the remineralization potential of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride on eroded human enamel: An in situ study

Objective

The aim of this in situ study was to compare the remineralization potential of pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride on human enamel softened by a cola drink.

Design

Forty-five enamel specimens obtained from human third molar teeth were eroded in a cola drink for 8 min and then attached to intra-oral devices worn by five volunteers. The specimens were subjected to three different in situ remineralization protocols using: (1) CPP-ACP (Group I), (2) CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride (Group II), and (3) saliva (Group III, control). Vickers microhardness measurements were obtained at baseline followed by demineralization and remineralization stages.

Results

The CPP-ACP, CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride and saliva controls resulted in 46.24%, 64.25% and 2.98% increase in post-erosion microhardness values, respectively. One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the mean microhardness values between pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride.

Conclusions

Both CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride substantially remineralized the softened enamel, with the CPP-ACP and fluoride combination showing higher remineralization potential than CPP-ACP. This study confirmed the synergistic effect of fluoride with CPP-ACP on remineralization of eroded enamel.     

渗透树脂和多乐氟处理脱矿釉质后的抗酸性和再矿化能力比较

目的 通过观察渗透树脂与多乐氟处理脱矿釉质后其牙齿表面显微硬度和粗糙度的变化,对两种材料在釉质抗酸性和再矿化能力方面的性能进行评估。方法 选择正畸拔除的健康前磨牙48颗,建立釉质表面脱矿模型,按照不同材料的处理条件随机分为4组,A（不做任何处理）,B（渗透树脂）,C（多乐氟）;D（渗透树脂+多乐氟）,分别经脱矿液组（1d,3d）和再矿化液组（7d）浸泡处理后,测定牙齿表面的显微硬度和粗糙度。结果 不同材料处理脱矿模型后即刻,B、D组的显微硬度、粗糙度均明显增加（P<0.001）,B、D组之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）;而C组显微硬度、粗糙度均明显减低（P<0.001）。继续脱矿（1d,3d）后,各组的显微硬度均下降,而粗糙度却明显增加;再矿化7d后,A、C组显微硬度和粗糙度均显著增加（P<0.001）,B、D组增加不明显（P>0.05）。结论 渗透树脂具有良好的改善牙齿表面硬度的作用,但在抗酸性和促进牙齿再矿化方面无明显优势。而氟化物则在抗酸性和促进再矿化方面有突出表现。当两者联合应用时,可以起到较好协同作用,明显增强牙齿的硬度、抗酸性和再矿化性能。     

In vitro enamel fluoride uptake from topical fluoride agents

The F acquired by enamel from APF, Duraphat and Fluor Protector was evaluated in this in vitro study. The topical F agents were applied to the tooth surfaces for 4 min, the teeth were suspended in synthetic saliva and the topical F agents removed after 2 h or 4 h. The teeth were resuspended in synthetic saliva for 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. Three successive enamel biopsies were done on the control and experimental tooth halves and the F and P content of the etching solutions determined. The fluoride concentrations were adjusted to standardized depths of 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 μm, respectively. Enamel acquired significantly more F from Fluor Protector and Duraphat than from APF. The fluoride acquired by enamel from the topical F agents was inversely related to the enamel F concentration prior to topical F application.     

体外应用氟化物对牙酸蚀症再矿化效果的评价-显微硬度测定

目的 用显微硬度测量法研究氟化物对碳酸饮料酸蚀后的乳牙釉质的再矿化作用.方法 收集临床拔除的滞留第二乳磨牙共16颗,制成牙釉质样本.经碳酸饮料浸泡,每天2次,每次10分钟,共5天后,分为对照组(A组)、2%氟化钠溶液组(B组)、含1.23%氟离子凝胶组(C组)和含低氟过饱和钙磷溶液矿化液组(含氟10ppm)(D组)四组,每组16个牙块.经不同的氟化物处理釉质表面,每天1次,每次2分钟,共5天.分别在酸蚀前、酸蚀后和再矿化后用显微硬度计测定釉质表面硬度.数据使用SPSS10.0统计软件包进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA).结果 饮料酸蚀后的牙釉质表面硬度值明显下降.与对照组相比,经2%氟化钠溶液和1.23%氟离子凝胶组处理后的牙釉质表面硬度值均比处理前显著上升(分别为P=0.031和P=0.017),这两组之间的差异无显著性;矿化液处理后的牙釉质表面硬度值无显著变化(P=0.894).结论 显微硬度测定实验显示高浓度的氟制剂2%氟化钠溶液和含1.23%氟离子凝胶能够显著地促进酸蚀釉质再矿化;低氟浓度矿化液在短时间内对酸蚀釉质再矿化作用不明显.     

Rehardening of acid-softened enamel and prevention of enamel softening through CO2 laser irradiation

Objectives

The aims of the present study were to investigate whether irradiation with a CO₂ laser could prevent surface softening (i) in sound and (ii) in already softened enamel in vitro.

Methods

130 human enamel samples were obtained and polished with silicon carbide papers. They were divided into 10 groups (n = 13) receiving 5 different surface treatments: laser irradiation (L), fluoride (AmF/NaF gel) application (F), laser prior to fluoride (LF), fluoride prior to laser (FL), non-treated control (C); and submitted to 2 different procedures: half of the groups was acid-softened before surface treatment and the other half after. Immersion in 1% citric acid was the acid challenge. Surface microhardness (SMH) was measured at baseline, after softening and after treatment. Additionally, fluoride uptake in the enamel was quantified. The data were statistically analysed by two-way repeated measurements ANOVA and post hoc comparisons at 5% significance level.

Results

When softening was performed either before or after laser treatment, the L group presented at the end of the experiments SMH means that were not significantly different from baseline (p = 0.8432, p = 0.4620). Treatment after softening resulted for all laser groups in statistically significant increase in SMH means as compared to values after softening (p < 0.0001). Enamel fluoride uptake was significantly higher for combined laser-fluoride treatment than in control (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Irradiation of dental enamel with a CO₂ laser at 0.3 J/cm² (5 μs, 226 Hz) not only significantly decreased erosive mineral loss (97%) but also rehardened previously softened enamel in vitro.     

Effect of low level fluoride on demineralization kinetics of human dental enamel

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fluoride levels similar to those reported for saliva from low fluoridated and high fluoridated water areas on the demineralization of human permanent enamel. An adaptation of the method described by Robinson et al. was used. Sections of sound enamel were immersed in a vial containing demineralizing solution [2.0 mM Ca(NO₃)₂, 1.2 mM KHPO₄ in 50 mM acetic acid, pH 4.8] for 1 hour. The demineralizing solution contained 0, 0.02 or 0.05 ppm fluoride, added as NaF was prepared. Twenty microliters aliquots were taken from the demineralizing solution at the time point up to 1 hour, with a sampling frequency bias towards the early time point. The phosphate content of the removed sample was determined by colorimetry. When the mineral loss curves for fluoridated and non-fluoridated demineralizing solutions were compared, there were significant differences between both groups. There was a decrease in the net mineral loss when fluoride was used. This result suggested that salivary fluoride levels of 0.02 ppm and 0.05 ppm had a protective effect against demineralization.     

Effects of remineralization procedures on shear bond strengths of brackets bonded to demineralized enamel surfaces with self-etch systems

Objective:To compare the effects of different remineralization procedures on the surface roughness of teeth, shear bond strengths (SBSs), and Adhesive Remnant Index scores of self-etching primer (SEP) used to bond orthodontic brackets to previously treated demineralized enamel surfaces.Materials and Methods:A total of 140 extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into seven equal groups. Group I was the control group. A demineralization procedure was performed in the other six groups. A remineralization procedure was performed before bonding by using casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride, a microabrasion mixture (18% hydrochloric acid-fine pumice), a microabrasion agent, and resin infiltration in groups III to VII. Brackets were bonded using a self-etching primer/adhesive system. The specimens were tested for SBS. The roughness and morphology of the enamel surfaces were analyzed using profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance, Tukey, and G-tests at the α  =  .05 level.Results:Significant differences were found in the SBS values among the seven groups (F  =  32.69, P  =  .003). The lowest SBS value was found in group II (2.62 ± 1.46 MPa). No significant differences were found between groups I, III, and VII, between groups III and IV, or between groups V and VI. The differences in the roughness values were statistically significant among the groups (P  =  .002).Conclusions:Remineralization procedures restore the decreased SBS of orthodontic brackets and decrease surface roughness caused by enamel demineralization. SEPs provide clinically acceptable SBS values for bonding orthodontic brackets to previously treated demineralized enamel surfaces.