326例老年人房颤危险因素分析

目的探讨引起老年人房颤发生的危险因素。方法对326例老年房颤患者发生房颤的危险因素进行分析。结果单因素分析表明：年龄、冠心病、高血压、甲亢和肺心病对老年人房颤有显著性影响（P〈0．05），多因素分析表明：年龄、冠心病、高血压和肺心病是老年人房颤的独立危险因素（OR〉1，P〈0．05）。结论年龄、冠心病、高血压和肺心病与老年人房颤的关系密切，对其进行强化干预很有必要。     

Prevalence of Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and its Associated Risk Factors in the Chinese Population: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey

Background:

Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a debilitating disease that represents a significant financial burden for both individuals and healthcare systems. Despite its significance, however, its prevalence in the Chinese general population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NONFH and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population.

Methods:

A nationally representative survey of 30,030 respondents was undertaken from June 2012 to August 2013. All participants underwent a questionnaire investigation, physical examination of hip, and bilateral hip joint X-ray and/or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting to test serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations between various metabolic, demographic, and lifestyle-related variables and NONFH.

Results:

NONFH was diagnosed in 218 subjects (0.725%) and the estimated NONFH cases were 8.12 million among Chinese people aged 15 years and over. The prevalence of NONFH was significantly higher in males than in females (1.02% vs. 0.51%, χ² = 24.997, P < 0.001). Among NONFH patients, North residents were subjected to higher prevalence of NONFH than that of South residents (0.85% vs. 0.61%, χ² = 5.847, P = 0.016). Our multivariate regression analysis showed that high blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol, male, urban residence, family history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid intake, overweight, and obesity were all significantly associated with an increased risk of NONFH.

Conclusions:

Our findings highlight that NONFH is a significant public health challenge in China and underscore the need for policy measures on the national level. Furthermore, NONFH shares a number of risk factors with atherosclerosis.     

Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in China and Its Risk Factors

Objective To study the prevalence of atrial fibrillation(AF)and the relation with its risk factors in China.Methods A total of 19 363 participants(8635 males and 10 728 females) aged ≥35 years in geographically dispersed urban and rural regions of China were included in this cross-sectional survey.All participants received questionnaire,physical and blood examination.Echocardiography were performed for AF patients found in the survey.Results Of the 19 363 participants,199 were diagnosed with AF.The estimated age-standardized prevalence of AF was 0.78% in men and 0.76% in women.The prevalence of AF in participants aged <60 years was 0.41% in men and 0.43% in women,and was 1.83% in both men and women aged ≥60 years.About 19.0% of males and 30.9% of females with AF were diagnosed with valve disease.Age-and sex-adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that myocardial infarction,left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),obesity,and alcohol consumption were associated with a increased risk of AF(P<0.05).Conclusion The age standardized prevalence of AF is 0.77% in the participants enrolled in the present study.The number of AF cases aged ≥35 years is 5.26 million according to 2010 Chinese Census.Most risk factors for AF,identified mainly in Western countries,are also detected in China.     

环肺静脉消融治疗老年患者心房颤动的有效性和安全性分析

目的:分析环肺静脉消融治疗老年患者心房颤动的有效性和安全性,并分析其术后复发危险因素。方法:通过多中心临床注册研究的方式分析全国2006年1-12月460例行环肺静脉消融治疗老年房颤患者(年龄≥60岁)的有效病例资料,观察手术的成功率、复发率和并发症发生情况,并分析其复发危险因素。结果:在平均(9.0±3.7)月的随访期间,环肺静脉消融治疗老年患者心房颤动的成功率为75.9%,复发率为24.1%。阵发性房颤、持续性房颤和永久性房颤成功率分别为77.1%、69.4%和55.6%。消融总的并发症发生率为3.0%,其中心包压塞7例(1.5%),皮下血肿5例(1.1%),感染1例(0.2%),脑卒中1例(0.2%)。术前左房内径增大是消融后房颤复发的危险因素(P<0.01)。结论:环肺静脉消融治疗老年患者心房颤动具有较好的有效性和安全性,术前左房内径增大是消融后房颤复发的危险因素。     

房颤相关性脑梗死的危险因素分析

目的：了解该院收治的房颤相关性脑梗死患者的抗凝治疗现状,对其危险因素进行分析,为临床治疗提供依据。方法以该院2012年1月—2013年12月诊断为脑梗死的患者作为研究对象,根据入院时是否合并房颤分为房颤组及非房颤组,分析两组患者的特征及入院时的相关检查指标,对房颤引发脑梗死的危险因素进行分析。结果①房颤相关性脑梗死的发生率14.2%,其中有10例口服阿司匹林治疗,余患者未进行任何干预;②房颤组中高血压﹑糖尿病﹑冠心病史及合并肺部感染者所占比例明显高于非房颤组;③房颤组年龄﹑空腹血糖﹑低密度脂蛋白及NIHSS评分高于非房颤组;④多因素分析发现,年龄﹑高血压﹑空腹血糖高﹑NIHSS评分﹑合并肺部感染是影响房颤引发脑梗死的独立危险因素。结论多种因素影响房颤相关性脑梗死的发生,年龄﹑高血压﹑高血糖﹑NIHSS评分﹑合并肺部感染是影响房颤相关性脑梗死的独立危险因素。     

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in a Very Elderly Chinese Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Objectives This paper aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM) and explore the associated risk factors in a very elderly southwest Chinese population.Methods From September 2015 to June 2016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to obtain a representative sample of 1,326 participants over 80 years old living in Chengdu. The presence of DM was based on fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose(2-h PG) levels during an oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT). A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios(ORs) and 95%confidence intervals(CIs) of the potential associated factors.Results The participants' mean age was 83.5 ± 3.1 years. The overall prevalence of DM was 27.4%. The prevalence was higher in males(30.2%) than females(24.7%)(P = 0.02). The prevalence of DM increased with body mass index(BMI) and decreased with aging. The multivariate analysis suggested that male sex(OR = 1.433; 95% CI, 1.116–1.843), hypertension(OR = 1.439; 95% CI, 1.079–1.936), overweight or obesity(OR = 1.371; 95% CI, 1.023–1.834), high heart rate(≥ 75 beats/min; OR = 1.362; 95% CI,1.063–1.746), and abdominal obesity(OR = 1.615; 95% CI, 1.216–2.149) were all significantly positively correlated with DM. However, age was negatively correlated with DM(OR = 0.952; 95% CI,0.916–0.989).Conclusions The prevalence of DM and newly diagnosed DM in a very elderly southwest Chinese population was high. OGTT screening should be performed regularly in people aged ≥ 80 years to ensure timely diagnosis of DM.     

脓毒症患者新发心房颤动的危险因素及其对预后的影响研究

背景　心房颤动是脓毒症患者最常见的临床表现之一,其不仅加重患者病情,还可导致预后不良。但目前对脓毒症患者新发心房颤动的研究尚不多。目的　探讨脓毒症患者新发心房颤动的危险因素及其对预后的影响。方法　回顾性选取2016年1月-2017年12月辽宁省人民医院重症监护病房（ICU）、急诊监护病房（EICU）、呼吸监护病房（RICU）诊断为脓毒症或脓毒性休克的患者542例为研究对象。其中新发心房颤动82例（15.1%,新发心房颤动组）,无新发心房颤动460例（84.9%,非新发心房颤动组）。对比分析两组患者临床资料和预后指标,分析脓毒症患者新发心房颤动的影响因素。结果　新发心房颤动组年龄和器官功能障碍中的急性肾损伤、心力衰竭、代谢紊乱、凝血功能障碍、呼吸衰竭发生率及机械通气率、连续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）率、儿茶酚胺药物使用率、急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统（APACHEⅡ）评分大于非新发心房颤动组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄〔OR=1.038,95%CI（1.013,1.063）〕和器官功能障碍中的急性肾损伤〔OR=2.142,95%CI（1.035,4.432）〕、代谢紊乱〔OR=2.071,95%CI（1.083,3.959）〕、凝血功能障碍〔OR=7.621,95%CI（3.236,17.945）〕及CRRT情况〔OR=6.567,95%CI（2.306,18.705）〕、儿茶酚胺药物使用情况〔OR=6.683,95%CI（3.224,13.853）〕是脓毒症患者新发心房颤动的影响因素（P<0.05）。两组28 d死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;新发心房颤动组住监护病房时间长于非新发心房颤动组（P<0.05）。结论　脓毒症患者新发心房颤动的发生率高,年龄越大和发生器官功能障碍中的急性肾损伤、代谢紊乱、凝血功能障碍及接受CRRT、使用儿茶酚胺药物是脓毒症患者新发心房颤动的危险因素,新发心房颤动延长了脓毒症患者住监护病房时间,但并未增加其28 d死亡率。     

TRPM7与风湿性心脏病心房颤动患者心房纤维化的关系

目的:检测风湿性心脏病心房颤动患者心房组织中瞬时受体电位通道亚族M7(TRPM7)的mRNA及蛋白水平,探讨TRPM7与房颤心房纤维化的关系.方法:19例风湿性心脏病患者于换瓣术中获取约200 mg的右心房肌组织,分为窦律(SR)组9例和房颤(AF)组10例.HE病理染色观察心肌细胞横截面积,Masson染色及心肌纤维化标志物观察心房纤维化,Western blotting和实时定量PCR测定心房肌组织中TRPM7的mRNA及蛋白水平.结果:与SR组比较,心肌细胞横截面积、胶原容积分数、心肌纤维化标志物CTGF、Collagen Ⅰ和CollagenⅢ的mRNA水平、TRPM7的mRNA及蛋白水平在AF组显著增加,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:风湿性心脏病房颤患者心肌组织中TRPM7的表达增加,可能通过促心房纤维化,参与房颤的发生与维持.     

Prevalence and Related Factors of Falls among the Elderly in an Urban Community of Beijing

Objective To understand the prevalence, consequences and risk factors of falls among urban community-dwelling elderly in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Longtan Community, Beijing. A total of 1512 individuals aged 60 years or over were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Data regarding the frequency of falls in the previous year, as well as circumstances, consequence and related factors of falls were collected from the elderly through face-to-face interviews with questionnaires in their home. Results The prevalence of falls was 18.0% on the average among 1512 participants, higher in women （20.1%） than in men （14.9%） （P=0.006）, and increased with age （Х^2 for trend=10.37, P=0.001）. The total rate of falls-induced injuries among the fallers was 37.7%. Falls usually resulted in soft-tissues bruises （58.7%）, fear of repeated episodes of falls （58.8%）, loss of independence and confidence in movement （35.7%） and even in hip fracture. In addition to the burden of medical care, falls also generated a big economic burden. Occurrence of falls was significantly associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The related factors of falls in the elderly included age≥60-70 years, femininity, less physical activities, fear of future falls, living alone, severely impaired vision, health problem-impacted activities of daily living, chronic diseases （diabetes, hypertension, postural hypotension, stroke sequela, cataract, arthritis, dementia and depression）, medications （psychoactive, anti-diabetic）, gait imbalance, high bed and faintly-lighted stairway. Conclusion The prevalence of falls among urban community-dwelling elderly in Beijing is closely associated with significant associated with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Efforts to prevent falls in the elderly should be made at community level.     

社区老年非瓣膜性心房颤动患者抗凝治疗现状及影响因素研究

背景 心房颤动（简称房颤）是常见心律失常之一,其发病率高、易诱发脑卒中,而抗凝治疗是预防房颤相关性卒中的核心策略。目前,社区房颤患者抗凝治疗相关研究较为缺乏。 目的 探索上海市社区老年非瓣膜性房颤（NVAF）患者抗凝治疗现状及其影响因素。 方法 本研究采用横断面调查研究方法。于2019年7—12月,采用分层抽样法,选取至上海市4家社区卫生服务中心接受2018年度健康体检的老年房颤患者为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、CHA2DS2-VASc和ORBIT评分量表对其进行调查,采集其房颤患病与用药情况、疾病认知情况、共病情况、并发症发生情况与风险等信息。依据问卷调查结果排除既往无房颤相关就诊经历及瓣膜性房颤患者,分析NVAF患者抗凝治疗现状。根据CHA2DS2-VASc评分量表的推荐意见：脑卒中高风险人群应进行抗凝治疗。本研究采用单因素Logistic回归和多因素Logistic回归分析NVAF合并脑卒中高风险患者抗凝治疗的影响因素。 结果 共纳入302例NVAF患者,其中89例（29.5%）正在服用抗凝药物,120例（39.7%）例正在服用抗血小板药物,93例（30.8%）患者未服用上述两类药物中的任一类药物。CHA2DS2-VASc评分结果显示,302例NVAF患者中,合并脑卒中高风险者占92.4%（279/302）。其中正在服用抗凝药者占30.5%（85/279）,正在服用抗血小板药者占40.1%（112/279）,未服用上述两类药物中的任一类药物者占29.4%（82/279）。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄、婚姻状况、房颤类型、房颤症状发生情况、房颤病程、首次因房颤就诊时抗凝药开具情况、房颤危害知晓情况、高脂血症患病情况和出血风险为NVAF合并脑卒中高风险患者抗凝治疗的影响因素（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄、房颤类型、首次因房颤就诊时抗凝药开具情况、房颤危害知晓情况为NVAF合并脑卒中高风险患者抗凝治疗的影响因素（P<0.05）。 结论 社区NVAF合并脑卒中高风险患者抗凝治疗率仍不理想,需进一步规范该类人群的抗凝治疗,尤其是高龄和对房颤危害认知不足的患者。     

老年慢性心力衰竭合并心房颤动患者血清尿酸水平的变化

【摘要】目的：探讨老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)合并心房颤动（AF）患者血清尿酸(UA)水平的变化及临床意义。方法：461例老年CHF患者,平均年龄（75.5±6.2）岁,按AF分为两组：AF组和非AF组。比较两组的临床资料特征、实验室检查和经胸多普勒心脏超声检测结果,并对这些数据与老年CHF患者AF发生间的关系进行单因素和多因素分析。结果：与非AF组相比,AF组的年龄、脑利钠肽（BNP）、血清 UA、C型反应性蛋白（CRP）、血肌酐（Cr）、左心房前后径（LAD）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、左心室后壁厚度（LVPWT）、及左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）明显升高（P均＜0.05）,左心室射血分数（LVEF）和肾小球滤过率（eGFR）明显降低（P＜0.05）。相关分析显示,年龄、eGFR和LVEF与AF的相关性较强。多因素分析中,血清UA水平是AF发生的独立相关变量。结论：老年CHF合并AF患者血清UA水平升高,后者可能参与了AF的发生。     

宁海地区体检人群胆石症患病率及相关因素调查分析

目的调查宁海地区健康体检人群胆石症的患病率并分析其相关因素。方法对2376例健康体检人员进行超声及相关生化检查,并进行相关因素调查分析,了解胆石症的患病率及相关因素。结果胆石症患病率为8．2％,胆石症的发生与高龄、吸烟、高血压及胆石症病史、BMI、TC、TG、ALT、LDL-C等因素密切相关。结论宁海地区胆石症患病率较高,与高龄、吸烟、高血压及胆石症病史、BMI、TC、TG、ALT、LDL-C等因素有关,了解其发病相关因素,对于该病的预防和早期干预具有重要意义。     

浙江省某市居民糖尿病患病情况调查及分析

目的随着我国社会经济的发展,膳食结构的改变,人口老龄化的加剧,糖尿病患病率呈逐渐升高趋势,对我国人群健康的影响也越来越严重。本次研究旨在了解浙江省某市居民糖尿病患病情况及其相关因素,为糖尿病的防治策略和干预措施的制定提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取该市城区、农村常年居住5年以上20～74岁1 047位居民进行问卷调查、体格测量和血糖血脂测定,用SPSS统计软件分析糖尿病的患病率和影响因素。结果 1 047名被调查居民中糖尿病患者74人,糖尿病粗患病率为7.07%,标化患病率为5.07%。糖尿病家族史、饮酒史,文化程度、职业、肥胖与糖尿病患病之间存在一定的统计学关联。结论该市糖尿病患病率处于较高水平,形势不容乐观。多种因素与糖尿病发病有关,建议加强居民健康教育,通过提高糖尿病的自我防治意识和改善生活行为方式,从而有效地预防控制糖尿病的发生。     

非瓣膜房颤相关因素分析及预防血栓栓塞研究

非瓣膜房颤动脉合并血栓栓塞事件,特别是脑卒中的发生率逐年增加,有较高的致死致残率,严重影响到患者的生命和生活质量。本文对房颤的相关因素及华法林抗凝治疗的重要性、治疗现状、抗凝强度的确定进行综述分析,为临床治疗非瓣膜房颤、评定其远期预后提供依据。     

儿童哮喘流行病学现状及其危险因素研究进展

儿童哮喘是常见的儿童慢性呼吸系统疾病之一,近年来全球报道其患病率总体呈上升趋势,且有较大的地区分布差异和性别分布差异。儿童哮喘的危险因素主要包括宿主因素和环境因素两大方面,其中遗传、特应质和孕期母体不良情况是主要的宿主危险因素,户外空气污染和室内通风不良、接触变应原等是主要的环境危险因素。     

Relationships of High-sensitive C-reactive Protein and P-wave Dispersion in Lone Atrial Fibrillation

Background:

Current evidence links atrial fibrillation (AF) to the inflammation. Inflammatory indexes such as high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) have been related to the development and persistence of AF. However, the role of inflammation in the atrial electrophysiological remodeling indexed by P-wave dispersion (P_d) remains unclear.

Methods:

The study consisted of 71 patients with lone paroxysmal AF (AF group) and 71 age- and gender-matched controls of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia without history of AF (control group). Electrocardiography, P_d, hs-CRP, and other clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups.

Results:

There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age, gender, hyperlipidemia, etc. Compared to controls, left atrial diameter (44 ± 7 vs 39 ± 7 mm), P_d (49 ± 13 vs 26 ± 8 ms), and hs-CRP (2.17 [1.46–2.89] vs 1.12 [0.74–1.41] mg/L) were increased (P < 0.05), respectively. Linear regression identified hs-CRP as an independent correlation of P_d level both in the total population and the AF group (r = 0.464 and 0.313; P < 0.001, respectively). Multiple logistic regression revealed hs-CRP as an independent determinant of AF (odds ratio [OR] =15.430, 95% confidence interval: 6.031–39.476: P <0.001). Further adjusted for P_d, both P_d and hs-CRP were independent predictors for AF, but the OR for hs-CRP in predicting AF has been attenuated from 15.430 to 6.246.

Conclusions:

In lone AF, P_d and plasma hs-CRP concentration are inter-associated and related to AF. The interaction between hs-CRP and AF may be mediated by P_d, suggesting an important role of inflammation in the atrial electrophysiological remodeling predisposing to AF.     

社区老年人无症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的患病率及危险因素研究

目的探讨社区老年人无症状性大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄的患病率和危险因素。方法用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)评价MCA狭窄,并详细记录其性别、年龄,高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等病史和脑卒中家族史,以及吸烟、饮酒情况;并进行血压、体质量、身高和腰围的测量;对MCA狭窄组和性别、年龄相匹配的无MCA狭窄的对照组检测血脂、血糖和同型半胱氨酸。结果 577人符合入选标准,年龄60～90岁,男243人(42.11%),女334人(57.89%)。无症状性MCA狭窄的患病率为8.7%(50/577),其中,男性患病率为9.1%(22/243),女性为8.4%(28/334),男女患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);60～69岁患病率为6.3%(22/347),≥70岁患病率为12.2%(28/230),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。无症状性MCA狭窄与年龄有正关联,OR值为2.048,95%CI(1.140,3.677)。狭窄组高血压的患病率高于对照组(P=0.037),且收缩压增高率亦高于对照组(P=0.005);而两组的舒张压增高率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。无症状性MCA狭窄与高血压病史〔OR=2.005,95%CI(1.036,3.881)〕和收缩压增高〔OR=2.538,95%CI(1.315,4.897)〕有正关联。两组在其他血管危险因素方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论北京市朝阳区社区老年人无症状性MCA狭窄的患病率为8.7%,年龄和高血压可能是其危险因素。     

温阳活血法抑制心房颤动患者心房重构及血栓前状态的机制研究

目的探讨温阳活血法抑制心房颤动患者心房重构及血栓前状态的机制。方法将明确诊断为持续性房颤患者79例,随机单盲分为治疗组与对照组。两组患者均接受西药常规治疗(抗血小板聚集药物及控制心室律药物β受体阻滞剂),治疗组在此基础上加温阳活血法组方的中药治疗,疗程为28 d。评价两组患者治疗后临床疗效,并计算中医症候积分,观察两组患者治疗前后血浆金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、血小板(PLT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)变化情况。结果两组患者治疗后临床疗效比较,治疗组优于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后中医症候积分、血浆MMP-9、PLT、FIB变化比较,治疗组明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论温阳活血药物治疗心房颤动能够明显改善患者心悸、气短等症状,具有抑制心房重构的趋势及抑制血栓前状态的作用。     

非瓣膜病房颤患者血清尿酸和超敏C反应蛋白水平的变化

目的：探讨非瓣膜病房颤患者血清尿酸（UA）及超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平的变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法入选2012年12月-2013年6月该院心内科住院诊断为非瓣膜病房颤患者108例,持续性房颤50例,阵发性房颤58例,对照组为同期门诊体检窦性心律、既往无房颤病史患者50例作为对照组。测定血清UA 、hs-CRP等相关指标,比较各组间血清中UA、hs-CRP水平的变化及两者之间的相关关系。结果房颤组血清UA 、hs-CRP水平均高于对照组,且持续性房颤组高于阵发性房颤组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。相关分析显示两者呈正相关。结论血清UA 、hs-CRP水平的升高参与了房颤的发生及维持。