中医治疗结合康复训练对关节镜下膝前交叉韧带重建术后早期膝关节功能的影响

目的:观察早期中医治疗结合康复训练对关节镜下膝前交叉韧带重建术后患者膝关节功能、疼痛程度、关节肿胀程度的影响,并与单纯康复训练效果进行比较。方法:①选择2003-02/2004-11四川省骨科医院膝关节科行关节镜下膝前交叉韧带重建术的住院患者32例,男19例,女13例。均签署知情同意书。采用随机单盲(患者盲)方法将患者分为2组:中医治疗 康复训练组和康复训练组,各16例。②中医治疗 康复训练组:于手术当天即进行活动足趾、踝关节,静力收缩股四头肌常规康复训练。康复训练一直持续至术后半年,强度随时间增加而加大。术后8h至术后7周在康复训练同时进行中医治疗:术后8h,2～4d内服膝伤1号方(黄连、黄芩、蒲公英、牛膝、郁金、酒军等),1剂/d,分3次口服。术后第2天同时行指针治疗,点揉足三里、阳陵泉、三阴交等穴,每穴15s,每次约10min。1次/d。术后第3天:中医外治法:指针治疗,选用足三里、阳陵泉、阴陵泉等穴,方法同前。电针治疗,选用足三里、阳陵泉、阴陵泉等穴交替使用,频率80次/min。术后第4天:中医外治法:指针治疗,选用足三里、阳陵泉、阴陵泉、三阴交、承山等穴,方法同前。电针治疗,方法与穴位同前。于术后第5～11天服用中药膝伤2号方(桃仁、当归、赤芍、川牛膝、木通、续断、白芨、香附、川黄连等)。1剂/d,分3次口服,连服7d,外治法:指针、电针治疗,穴位、方法同前。从术后第12天,开始服用中药膝伤3号方(黄芪、党参、地龙、木通、肉苁蓉、菟丝子、桑寄生、金毛狗脊、千年健、木瓜等),1剂/d,分3次口服。外治法:指针及电针治疗,方法同前。术后4～7周:中医内外治法:对症给予中药,配合指针点穴。术后8～12周:强化肌力训练。术后12周～6个月:恢复全部功能。康复训练组:常规术后康复训练同另组,不用中医方法治疗。③于术前,术后3,7,14,3个月采用目测类比评分进行量化评定休息和活动时疼痛程度,不痛为0,最痛为10.0。④于术后第3,4,17天行膝关节腔穿刺抽液观察关节肿胀程度。⑤于术前、术后7,14,3个月用骨关节量角器测量关节活动度。于术前、术后3个月采取询问方式应用Lysholm评分系统评估患者膝关节功能(总分0～100分,分数越高表示膝关节功能状况越好)。⑥于术前、术后3个月采用国际膝关节病例记载委员会-2000评分系统评估患者症状、膝关节功能、运动能力(采用分数积分法,以1代表最低水平的功能或最严重的症状。分数越高功能越好,症状越轻)。⑦计量资料差异比较采用t检验。结果:膝前交叉韧带重建术后患者32例均进入结果分析。①中医治疗 康复训练组患者术后3和7d休息痛和活动痛疼痛程度明显低于康复训练组(P<0.05),术后14d活动痛疼痛程度明显低于康复训练组(P<0.05)。②中医治疗 康复训练组患者术后7d和3个月关节活动度明显大于康复训练组(P<0.05)。③两组术后3,7,14d关节肿胀程度比较,差异不明显(P>0.05)。④两组术后3个月膝关节功能评分均明显高于术前(P<0.05),中医治疗 康复训练组术后3个月明显高于康复训练组(P<0.05)。⑤两组术前、术后3个月国际膝关节病例记载委员会-2000评分系统评分结果比较,差异不明显(P>0.05)。结论:早期中西医结合康复训练可减轻关节镜下膝前交叉韧带重建术后患者疼痛、膝关节肿胀程度,改善膝关节功能,作用效果优于单纯康复训练。     

中医治疗结合康复训练对关节镜下膝前交叉韧带重建术后早期膝关节功能的影响

目的：观察早期中医治疗结合康复训练对关节镜下膝前交叉韧带重建术后患者膝关节功能、疼痛程度、关节肿胀程度的影响，并与单纯康复训练效果进行比较。 方法：①选择2003—02／2004-11四川省骨科医院膝关节科行关节镜下膝前交叉韧带重建术的住院患者32例，男19例，女13例。均签署知情同意书。采用随机单盲（患者盲）方法将患者分为2组：中医治疗＋康复训练组和康复训练组，各16例。②中医治疗＋康复训练组：于手术当天即进行活动足趾、踝关节，静力收缩股四头肌常规康复训练。康复训练一直持续至术后半年，强度随时间增加而加大。术后8h至术后7周在康复训练同时进行中医治疗：术后8h，2-4d内服膝伤1号方（黄连、黄芩、蒲公英、牛膝、郁金、酒军等），1剂／d，分3次口服。术后第2天同时行指针治疗，点揉足三里、阳陵泉、三阴交等穴，每穴15s，每次约10min。1次／d。术后第3天：中医外治法：指针治疗，选用足三里、阳陵泉、阴陵泉等穴，方法同前。电针治疗，选用足三里、阳陵泉、阴陵泉等穴交替使用，频率80次／min。术后第4天：中医外治法：指针治疗，选用足三里、阳陵泉、阴陵泉、三阴交、承山等穴，方法同前。电针治疗，方法与穴位同前。于术后第5~11天服用中药膝伤2号方（桃仁、当归、赤芍、川牛膝、木通、续断、白芨、香附、川黄连等）。1剂／d，分3次口服，连服7d，外治法：指针、电针治疗，穴位、方法同前。从术后第12天，开始服用中药膝伤3号方（黄芪、党参、地龙、木通、肉苁蓉、菟丝子、桑寄生、金毛狗脊、千年健、木瓜等），1剂／d，分3次口服。外治法：指针及电针治疗，方法同前。术后4-7周：中医内外治法：对症给予中药，配合指针点穴。术后8～12周：强化肌力训练。术后12周～6个月：恢复全部功能。康复训练组：常规术后康复训练同另组，不用中医方法治疗。③于术前，术后3，7，14，3个月采用目测类比评分进行量化评定休息和活动时疼痛程度，不痛为0，最痛为10．0。④于术后第3，4，17天行膝关节腔穿刺抽液观察关节肿胀程度。⑤于术前、术后7，14，3个月用骨关节量角器测量关节活动度。于术前、术后3个月采取询问方式应用Lysholm评分系统评估患者膝关节功能（总分0—100分，分数越高表示膝关节功能状况越好）。⑥于术前、术后3个月采用国际膝关节病例记载委员会-2000评分系统评估患者症状、膝关节功能、运动能力（采用分数积分法，以1代表最低水平的功能或最严重的症状。分数越高功能越好，症状越轻）。⑦计量资料差异比较采用t检验。 结果：膝前交叉韧带重建术后患者32例均进入结果分析。①中医治疗＋康复训练组患者术后3和7d休息痛和活动痛疼痛程度明显低于康复训练组（P〈0．05），术后14d活动痛疼痛程度明显低于康复训练组（P〈0．05）。②中医治疗＋康复训练组患者术后7d和3个月关节活动度明显大于康复训练组（P〈0．05）。③两组术后3，7，14d关节肿胀程度比较，差异不明显（P〉0．05）。④两组术后3个月膝关节功能评分均明显高于术前（P〈0．05），中医治疗＋康复训练组术后3个月明显高于康复训练组（P〈0．05）。⑤两组术前、术后3个月国际膝关节病例记载委员会-2000评分系统评分结果比较，差异不明显（P〉0．05）。 结论：早期中西医结合康复训练可减轻关节镜下膝前交叉韧带重建术后患者疼痛、膝关节肿胀程度，改善膝关节功能，作用效果优于单纯康复训练。     

膝前交叉韧带重建术后本体感觉促进训练对膝关节位置觉的影响

目的:本体感觉是膝关节正常运动的必要条件,膝前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术后功能恢复的水平与术后本体感觉恢复程度有关。为此探讨ACL重建术后强化本体感觉训练对膝关节位置觉的影响。方法:上海交通大学附属第六人民医院康复医学科2001-03/2003-12进行膝ACL韧带重建术后的患者60例,按病区将患者分本体感觉促进组30例和对照组30例。对照组术后应用一般康复训练方法。本体感觉促进组除了应用一般康复训练方法外还加以本体感觉强化训练。术后6个月进行患者位置觉测定。结果:本体感觉促进组在被动角度重现测试中患膝的总平均偏差为(4.25±1.06)°,健膝总平均偏差为(3.87±1.95)°(P>0.05)。对照组患膝的总平均偏差为(4.91±1.01)°,健膝总平均偏差为(3.83±1.22)°,患膝的总平均偏差显著大于健侧(P<0.01)。结论:ACL韧带重建术后强化本体感觉训练能改善患膝位置觉。     

Functional measurement of knee joint position sense after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

OBJECTIVE: To examine for differences in joint position sense (JPS) between knees with reconstructed anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) and uninjured knees by using a functional weight-bearing measurement method. DESIGN: Two-way repeated-measures in a convenience sample. SETTING: An Australian university rehabilitation laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Nine subjects presenting at 12 to 16 months after unilateral ACL reconstruction using the semitendinosus/gracilis graft who were recruited from 2 orthopedic surgeons. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: JPS of the reconstructed and uninjured knees was examined by using the Peak Motus motion measurement system to record target joint angles and to calculate reproduced angles after limb movement into flexion and extension, performed in a weight-bearing position. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in JPS between reconstructed and uninjured knees (P=.68) or between the flexion and extension tasks (P=.47). CONCLUSION: There was no deficit in knee JPS 12 to 16 months after ACL reconstruction, as measured by a functional weight-bearing method. Further studies should examine the clinical utility of the method as a way to evaluate functional aspects of knee joint proprioception.     

Deficient knee joint biomechanics in bilateral jumping after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze sagittal-plane knee biomechanics in individuals with ACL reconstructions in bilateral countermovement jumps. This aimed to determine potential knee compensation strategies during a high-demanding symmetrical movement task from pre to six months post-ACL reconstruction.Methods20 ACL-reconstructed individuals were tested pre-operatively, and then seven weeks, three months, and six months after reconstruction. Additionally, a matched control group was analyzed. Data were sampled with 3D motion capture and two force plates. The following kinematic data were analyzed: peak knee flexion during countermovement, knee angle at toe-off, and knee flexion excursion during landing. The following kinetic data were analyzed: peak knee extension moments during countermovement and landing.FindingsACL-reconstructed individuals showed significant increases in knee flexion during countermovement and knee flexion excursion during landing from six weeks to six months after reconstruction but they remained significantly below the level of the controls. The reconstructed knee joint showed increased flexion at toe-off compared to the non-injured leg at all test sessions. Knee extension moments during countermovement increased up to six months after reconstruction, but remained deficient in ACL-reconstructed individuals during countermovement and landing compared to the controls.InterpretationAlthough ACL-reconstructed individuals showed increases in most kinematic and kinetic variables, they remained below the controls at six months post-ACL reconstruction. The deficits between contralateral legs and compared to the controls show that six months post-ACL reconstruction, knee joint functionality was still not equal between reconstructed and non-injured legs or in comparison to controls.     

Effect of lower limb dominance on knee joint kinematics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Background

Normal ambulatory kinematics of the knee joint is often not fully restored after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, which may increase the risk for cartilage degeneration and premature osteoarthritis in the involved knees. Lower limb dominance may have impacts on knee joint kinematics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, which may lead to a different prevalence of cartilage degeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the knee joint kinematics among patients with reconstruction on the dominant and non-dominant side.

Methods

Forty-one subjects with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (19 dominant, 22 non-dominant) were recruited after being discharged from rehabilitation programs. Twenty healthy subjects were recruited as the control group. Six degrees-of-freedom tibiofemoral motion during level walking was determined using a redundant point cluster-based marker set. Tibiofemoral joint motion and its bilateral differences were compared within each group and between groups.

Findings

The non-dominant reconstructed knees had less extension compared to their contralateral knees at heel strike and during middle stance phase (P = 0.02); whereas, the dominant reconstructed knees exhibited significantly reduced varus rotation (− 2.1° on mean, P = 0.027) and internal tibial rotation (P = 0.034) compared to their contralateral knees during both stance and swing phases.

Interpretation

The results show that different kinematics has been developed between the involved dominant and non-dominant knees after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, especially the secondary rotations. The differences are consistent with the unequal prevalence of cartilage degeneration in the knee joint. The findings demonstrated that the lower limb dominance had a significant effect on post-surgery knee kinematics.     

平衡促进训练对膝关节前交叉韧带损伤重建术后患膝本体感觉的影响

目的:研究平衡促进训练对膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤重建术后患膝本体感觉的影响。方法:选取124例ACL损伤重建术后患者,全部进行常规康复训练12周,术后第12周采用随机数字法分成两组(对照组62例,训练组62例),训练组在第12周开始进行平衡促进训练,持续至第16周;对照组继续进行患肢肌力和步态训练,持续至第16周。采用专业平衡功能评定系统,分别在术后第12周和第16周对两组进行平衡功能测定。结果:术后第16周测定结果:①睁眼状态下,训练组与对照组在指标LFS指数和覆盖90%椭圆区域面积指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。②闭眼状态下,训练组与对照组在指标LFS指数和覆盖90%椭圆区域面积指数差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:平衡促进训练对ACL损伤重建术后患者膝关节本体感觉能力恢复具有显著提高作用。     

膝关节交叉韧带修复重建治疗中的康复干预

目的:随着关节镜在膝关节交叉韧带修复重建治疗中的运用,术后效果有了显著的提高。但是,重建术后膝关节完全固定或者是限制其活动和肌肉收缩,会导致关节囊和关节周围韧带的挛缩,肌肉萎缩,以及关节软骨的退行性变化,影响术后功能的恢复。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1980-01/2004-03文章,检索词为“anteriorcruciateligament,posteriorcruciateligament,reconstruction,re-habilitation”,限定文章语言种类为English;同时检索http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn1994-01/2004-03文章,检索词为“前交叉韧带,后交叉韧带,重建,康复”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括膝关节交叉韧带重建术前、术后康复训练有关的文献。纳入条件:①随机或自身对照的临床研究。②调查研究。③有明确的康复程序。④结论明确。排除条件:①重复的统一研究。②综述文献。资料提炼:共收集到42篇关于膝关节交叉韧带修复重建术康复干预的文章,选择其中符合标准的23篇进行综述。资料综合:分别对交叉韧带愈合的生物力学、不同移植物术前、术后的不同康复程序对康复结果的影响等方面作了讨论。①采用髌腱骨-髌腱中1/3-骨重建前交叉韧带术后的康复:有研究分别采用开链运动和闭链运动的康复程序比较其效果,随访1年后,使用KT-1000关节测量仪测量结果显示:与开链运动组相比,闭链运动组的膝关节前后向松弛度更接近正常。②采用月国绳肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带术后的康复:将62例术后患者随机分成两组,分别采取保守和激进的康复程序进行康复。结果激进的康复能使肌力得到较快的恢复,但存在着增加滑膜炎的发病率的问题;9个月以后两组肌力评定没有显著差异。③后交叉韧带重建术后的康复:对21名采用月国绳肌肌腱重建后交叉韧带的患者进行了系统的康复指导,术后3个月,膝关节屈曲活动度均>120°;术后1年,患肢屈膝70°时后抽屉试验Ⅰ度阳性2例,其余均为阴性。结论:修复重建术前、术后的康复治疗对治疗效果的影响很大,其总的发展趋势是强调早期的关节活动和肌力训练。     

Effects of 4 weeks preoperative exercise on knee extensor strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

[Purpose] After an anterior cruciate ligament injury and subsequent reconstruction, quadriceps muscle weakness and disruption of proprioceptive function are common. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 4 weeks preoperative exercise intervention on knee strength power and function post-surgery. [Subjects and Methods] Eighty male patients (27.8±5.7 age), scheduled for reconstruction surgery, were randomly assigned to two groups, the preoperative exercise group (n=40) and a no preoperative exercise group (n=40). The preoperative exercise group participated in a 4-week preoperative and 12-week post-operative programs, while the no preoperative exercise group participated only in the 12-week postoperative exercise program. Isokinetic measured of quadriceps strength were obtained at 4 weeks before and 3 months after surgery. [Results] The knee extensor strength deficits measured at 60°/s and 180°/s was significantly lower in the preoperative exercise group compared with the no preoperative exercise group. At 3 months after surgery, the extensor strength deficit was 28.5±9.0% at 60°/sec and 23.3±9.0% at 180°/sec in the preoperative exercise group, whereas the no preoperative exercise group showed extensor strength deficits of 36.5±10.7% and 27.9±12.6% at 60°/sec and 180°/sec, respectively. The preoperative exercise group demonstrated significant improvement the single-leg hop distance. [Conclusion] Four week preoperative exercise may produce many positive effects post reconstruction surgery, including faster recovery of knee extensor strength and function, as measured by single-leg hop ability.Key words: Anterior cruciate ligament, Preoperative exercise, Knee extensor strength     

人工韧带重建与膝关节前交叉韧带的运动损伤

目的:总结膝关节前交叉韧带的结构、功能,损伤的力学机制和特点及其缺损后的人工韧带重建研究现状,为人工韧带的临床应用提供依据.方法:以"膝关节,前交叉韧带,人工韧带,重建"为关键词,用计算机检索维普数据库和Medline数据库,按纳入和排除标准,对文献进行筛选,共纳入31篇文章.重点对以下3个方面进行了探讨:①前交叉韧带的结构和功能?②前交叉韧带运动损伤机制和特点?③前交叉韧带运动缺损后人工韧带的重建?结果:前交叉韧带由胶原纤维组成,对膝关节的内旋和胫骨的伸直活动起稳定性作用,限制胫骨前移及过度伸展,对膝内侧的稳定、膝伸直位时胫骨旋转活动限制作用.在一些扭转、斜切、急停等动作较多的运动中容易发生损伤,诸多研究表明LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带效果与其他移植物相比具有显著优势.结论:前交叉韧带在膝关节的稳定当中起着重要作用,但也是极易发生损伤的部位.当前对于前交叉韧带缺损的治疗比较认可的方法是LARS人工交叉韧带重建.它具有创伤小、早期即可从事运动等优势,同时也存在医疗费用高等不足.     

自体材料重建前交叉韧带术后康复训练

目的:分析近年来关于自体材料重建前交叉韧带术后康复训练的文献资料,了解该领域的发展趋势。资料来源:通过计算机检索Medline1990-01/2005-03的文章,检索词为“anteriorcruciateligament,reconstruction,rehabilitation”,限定文章语言种类为English;另外检索中文期刊全文数据库2000-04/2005-04的文章,检索词为“前交叉韧带、重建术、康复”,文章语言为中文。资料选择:选取有关膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后康复训练的文章,纳入标准:①随机或自身前后对照的临床研究。②观点明确。③采用自体材料重建。排除标准:①综述。②重复性研究。③异体或异种材料重建。资料提炼:共检索到49篇关于膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后康复训练的文章,选择其中符合标准的25篇进行综述。资料综合:观察并比较保守、激进两种不同性质的康复训练方法对术后膝关节功能恢复的影响。一般来说,用骨-髌腱-骨重建后的康复训练应早于用腘绳肌重建,股四头肌肌力训练对术后膝关节功能恢复相当重要,闭链训练适用于康复早期,开链训练适用于康复晚期。由于前交叉韧带中存在着本体感受器,而重建材料中不含有本体感受器,故术后本体感觉促进训练对膝关节功能的完善至关重要。结论:前交叉韧带重建术后的康复训练变得越来越激进。康复训练方案应该按照重建材料的不同及个体差异分别制定。     

自体材料重建前交叉韧带术后康复训练

目的：分析近年来关于自体材料重建前交叉韧带术后康复训练的文献资料，了解该领域的发展趋势。 资料来源：通过计算机检索Medline1990-01／2005-03的文章，检索词为“anterior cruciate ligament，reconstruction，rehabilitation”，限定文章语言种类为English；另外检索中文期刊全文数据库2000-04／2005-04的文章，检索词为“前交叉韧带、重建术、康复”，文章语言为中文。 资料选择：选取有关膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后康复训练的文章，纳入标准：①随机或自身前后对照的临床研究。②观点明确。③采用自体材料重建。排除标准：①综述。②重复性研究。③异体或异种材料重建。 资料提炼：共检索到49篇关于膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后康复训练的文章，选择其中符合标准的25篇进行综述。 资料综合：观察并比较保守、激进两种不同性质的康复训练方法对术后膝关节功能恢复的影响。一般来说，用骨-髌腱-骨重建后的康复训练应早于用膪绳肌重建，股四头肌肌力训练对术后膝关节功能恢复相当重要，闭链训练适用于康复早期，开链训练适用于康复晚期。由于前交叉韧带中存在着本体感受器，而重建材料中不舍有本体感受器，故术后本体感觉促进训练对膝关节功能的完善至关重要。 结论：前交叉韧带重建术后的康复训练变得越来越激进。康复训练方案应该按照重建材料的不同及个体差异分别制定。     

Effect of suspension training on neuromuscular function,postural control,and knee kinematics in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients

BACKGROUNDSuspension training (SET) is a method of neuromuscular training that enables the body to carry out active training under unstable support through a suspension therapy system. However, there have been few reports in the literature on the application of SET to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients. It is not clear what aspects of the patient''s function are improved after SET.AIMTo investigate the effect of SET on the neuromuscular function, postural control, and knee kinematics of patients after ACLR surgery. METHODSForty participants were randomized to an SET group or a control group. The SET group subjects participated in a SET protocol over 6 wk. The control group subjects participated in a traditional training protocol over 6 wk. Isokinetic muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings, static and dynamic posture stability test, and relative translation of the injured knee were assessed before and after training. RESULTSThe relative peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings in both groups increased significantly (P < 0.001), and the SET group increased by a higher percentage than those in the control group (quadriceps: P = 0.004; hamstrings: P = 0.011). After training, both groups showed significant improvements in static and dynamic posture stability (P < 0.01), and the SET group had a greater change than the control group (P < 0.05). No significant improvement on the relative translation of the injured knee was observed after training in either group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONOur findings show that SET promotes great responses in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and balance function in ACLR patients.     

膝关节前交叉韧带损伤

膝关节前交叉韧带损伤后的康复治疗过程中有一些问题需要注意和探讨.①康复训练介入的时机选择问题何时开始进行何种训练,目前只能是采用时间来判定,缺乏比较明确的量化指标,基本上依靠经验.②具体实施的康复训练内容缺乏统一性,容易造成康复训练的片面性,哪些因素的训练对ACL的恢复是有用的,哪些是没有意义的.③对采用不同ACL重建手术方法的患者应采用不同康复训练程序,目前的研究基本上是不区分手术类型都采用同一套康复治疗手段.④缺乏统一的康复疗效评价指标基本上停留在关节活动度和肌力的评价上,缺乏患者残疾、残障方面的评价.     

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of the knee

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries affect more than 175,000 patients annually. Located in the center of the knee joint, the ACL is the major stabilizing ligament of the knee. If the ACL is injured, then the knee becomes unstable and can buckle when the person pivots. Surgeons can use autograft or allograft tissue to accomplish ACL reconstruction by using a single-bundle or double-bundle type of repair. The surgeon performs the reconstruction arthroscopically, using two ports and a small incision over the anteromedial surface of the tibia to facilitate passage of the graft and for distal fixation of the graft. Correct placement of the tibial and femoral tunnels is the most important technical aspect of the procedure. After reconstruction, the patient must undergo intense physical therapy starting one or two days after surgery. If diligent with physical therapy, then the patient can return to full activity as soon as four months after surgery.     

Augmentation of a ruptured posterior cruciate ligament provides normal knee joint stability during ligament healing

OBJECTIVE: To identify an augmentation technique which would provide mechanical protection for the healing posterior cruciate ligament. DESIGN: Six human knee specimens were tested in vitro for posterior knee joint stability after augmenting the cut posterior cruciate ligament by six different techniques using a resorbable double strand Polydioxanone augmentation device. BACKGROUND: A fresh isolated rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament is often treated conservatively. Results have shown that it can heal, but ligament elongations occur frequently. Therefore a method is needed to provide posterior knee joint stability during ligament healing. METHODS: The effect of different femoral augmentation insertions on posterior knee stability was tested by recording the antero-posterior (AP) position of the tibia and the augmentation force. Testing was performed during flexion--extension cycles and under posterior shear loads. RESULTS: The insertion combination that proved to stabilize the joints best consisted of one augmentation strand leading along the antero-lateral posterior cruciate ligament fibres and inserting at the distal end of the Blumensaat line and one strand leading along the posteriormedial fibres and inserting in the middle of the Blumensaat line. AP translations similar to those occurring in healthy knee joints could be achieved. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to restore normal posterior knee joint stability by implanting a double strand augmentation device. This can help a posterior cruciate ligament to heal under non-elongated conditions.     

Single-leg assessment of postural stability and knee functional outcome two years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

ObjectiveTo analyse postural stability and the single-leg hop for distance in subjects 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), in comparison with an age- and activity-matched control group.Design and settingSubjects reported to a sports medicine or athletic training research laboratory for testing.SubjectsTwenty-six subjects having undergone ACLR and 26 age- and activity-matched controls were selected to participate in this study. An arthroscopically-assisted, central, one-third bone-patellar tendon procedure was used to repair the ACLs.MeasurementsOne-leg stance postural stability was measured with the NeuroCom Balance Master^® platform system. We recorded the single-leg hop for distance as an objective measure of function.ResultsWe found a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the ACLR and control subjects in terms of the one-leg stance sway velocity (knee fully extended) on the operated side.ConclusionsAfter ACLR (mean time postoperatively: 24 ± 1 months), single-leg hop for distance score was normal, when compared with the contralateral limb. Our results indicate that 2 years after surgery, single-limb postural stability in the ACLR group differed significantly from that in the control group. The persistence of poor stability control may be correlated to an impairment in proprioception.     

髌腱移植重建前交叉韧带后膝关节功能恢复1年随访

目的:通过随访观察前交叉韧带断裂自体异体髌腱移植重建后患者膝关节功能的恢复。方法:选取2002-08/2004-08广州市第一人民医院关节外科24例成功随访的前交叉韧带重建患者为观察对象。采用髌腱重建前交叉韧带自体髌腱移植髌骨供区植骨9例,采用异体髌腱移植14例,绳肌移植1例,术后1年随访进行评估,以临床检查(前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验),IKDC评分(采用4级评分法:即正常、接近正常、异常、严重异常,包括8个方面的21项内容,具体为:①按0～3级患者主观评估膝关节的功能及膝关节影响活动水平;②症状;③活动范围;④Lachman法;⑤关节间隙征;⑥受检部位病征压痛、敏感、麻木;⑦X射线退行性关节病改变;⑧功能方式检验),Lysholm评分评估患者膝关节功能,包括8个方面的34项内容①跛行;②支撑;③交锁;④不稳;⑤疼痛;⑥肿胀;⑦上下梯;⑧下蹲。总分100分,分数愈高,膝关节功能恢复愈好。结果:23例患者平均随访时间1年,随访率100%。①9例采用自体髌腱移植重建前交叉韧带,术中髌骨供区植骨的患者,前抽屉试验( )1例;Lachman试验( )1例;轴移试验( )1例;IKDC评分正常8例(88.9%),接近正常1例(11.1%);患者主观感觉良好;Lysholm评分,患膝术前平均45.3分,术后89.8分,其中优6膝、良1膝、中1膝,优良率88.9%,患膝力量达对侧膝的75%以上,可免支具和拐杖行走。无伸膝受限,屈膝活动达130°以上。3例膝部皮肤麻木,1例跪地疼痛,2例膝行疼痛。②14例异体髌腱移植重建前交叉韧带、髌骨供区植骨患者:前抽屉试验I度1例,Lachman试验( )1例,轴移试验( )1例;IKDC评分正常11例(78.6%),接近正常2例(13.9%),异常1例(7.5%);Lysholm评分,患膝术前平均46.1分,术后88.7分,其中优11膝、良2膝、中1膝,优良率92.8%,患膝力量达对侧膝的75%以上,可免支具和拐杖行走。无伸膝受限,屈膝活动达130°以上。结论:植骨修补髌骨表面缺损,有助于供区的修复,特别是髌骨的修复,植骨可减少以往自体髌腱移植的不适症状,尤其是髌股关节疼痛。     

髌腱移植重建前交叉韧带后膝关节功能恢复1年随访

目的：通过随访观察前交叉韧带断裂自体异体髌腱移植重建后患者膝关节功能的恢复。方法：选取2002—08／2004—08广州市第一人民医院关节外科24例成功随访的前交叉韧带重建患者为观察对象。采用髌腱重建前交叉韧带自体髌腱移植髌骨供区植骨9例，采用异体髌腱移植14例，胭绳肌移植1例，术后1年随访进行评估，以临床检查（前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验），IKDC评分（采用4级评分法：即正常、接近正常、异常、严重异常，包括8个方面的21项内容，具体为：①按0～3级患者主观评估膝关节的功能及膝关节影响活动水平；②症状；③活动范围；④Lachman法；⑤关节间隙征；⑥受检部位病征压痛、敏感、麻木；⑦X射线退行性关节病改变；⑧功能方式检验），Lysholm评分评估患者膝关节功能。包括8个方面的34项内容①跛行；②支撑；③交锁；④不稳；⑤疼痛；⑥肿胀；⑦上下梯；⑧下蹲。总分100分，分数愈高，膝关节功能恢复愈好。结果：23例患者平均随访时间1年，随访率100％。①9例采用自体髌腱移植重建前交叉韧带，术中髌骨供区植骨的患者，前抽屉试验（＋）1例；Lachman试验（＋）1例；轴移试验（＋）1例；IKDC评分正常8例（88．9％），接近正常1例（11．1％）；患者主观感觉良好；Lysholm评分，患膝术前平均45．3分，术后89．8分，其中优6膝、良1膝、中1膝，优良率88．9％，患膝力量达对侧膝的75％以上，可免支具和拐杖行走。无伸膝受限，屈膝活动达130&;#176;以上。3例膝部皮肤麻木，1例跪地疼痛，2例膝行疼痛。②14例异体髌腱移植重建前交叉韧带、髌骨供区植骨患者：前抽屉试验l度1例，Lachman试验（＋）1例，轴移试验（＋）1例；IKDC评分正常11例（78．6％），接近正常2例（13．9％），异常1例（7．5％）；Lysholm评分，患膝术前平均46．1分，术后88．7分，其中优11膝、良2膝、中1膝，优良率92．8％，患膝力量达对侧膝的75％以上，可免支具和拐杖行走。无伸膝受限，屈膝活动达130&;#176;以上。结论：植骨修补髌骨表面缺损，有助于供区的修复，特别是髌骨的修复，植骨可减少以往自体髌腱移植的不适症状，尤其是髌股关节疼痛。     

体表感觉训练对前交叉韧带重建术后患者足偏角和足底冲量的影响

目的 观察体表感觉训练对前交叉韧带重建术(ACLR)后患者步行功能的影响。 方法 2021年1月至11月,北京康复医院ACLR后住院患者56例随机分为对照组和试验组,各28例。对照组每天常规康复训练45 min,试验组每天常规康复训练30 min、体表感觉训练15 min,共8周。干预前后检测患者足偏角和患侧足底七区冲量百分比。 结果 干预后,两组健、患侧足偏角均显著减少(t > 4.615, P < 0.001),试验组患侧足偏角更小(t = 2.263, P < 0.05)。干预后,两组足跟内侧区和足跟外侧区冲量百分比显著增加(t > 4.221, P < 0.001),试验组更高(t > 3.651, P < 0.01);两组中足区、前足中部区和前足外部区冲量百分比明显减少(t > 3.174, P < 0.01),试验组前足中部区和前足外部区冲量百分比更少(t > 2.366, P < 0.05);试验组前足内侧区和足趾区冲量百分比明显减少(t > 3.508, P < 0.01),但与对照组比较无显著性差异(t < 1.608, P > 0.05)。 结论 体表感觉训练可进一步改善ACLR后患者步行中的足偏角和患侧冲量分布,优化足底各区域负荷模式。