延庆县疾病预防控制中心人力资源状况分析

<正>1材料与方法1.1资料来源制定人力资源调查表,对2010年中心全体在编人员人力资源状况进行调查,内容包括人员编制、性别、年龄、职称、学历、专业等方面。1.2质量控制为保证调查资料的实用性和有效性,对调查表反复进行了认真核对,确保数据真实可靠。资料回收后,经过严格检查核实。资料实行双录入,并进行交叉核对,对数据输入有     

计算机音频辅助调查问卷方法在艾滋病敏感问题调查中的应用

在进行流行病学调查和监测过程中,经常需要用抽样调查的信息推测要调查的总体,面对的难题是如何进行抽样?通常使用的方法有概率抽样法和非概率抽样法[1],这对一些易接近人群较为实用.但对于一些比较难接近的人群,目前普遍缺乏抽样框架,多采用关键知情人抽样法、目标人群抽样法、时空抽样法、滚雪球法等链式推举法.尤其是涉及到这些人群的敏感性问题调查时,很难得到真实可靠的资料[2].在流行病学调查中涉及到隐私、敏感的问题大部分是与感染艾滋病高危人群相关的,因此,探讨艾滋病高危人群敏感问题的调查方法势在必行.近年来,国外调查研究发现,计算机音频辅助调查问卷(audio computer-assisted self-administered interviewing,ACASI)能有效地避免问题敏感性带来的拒答和失真,保证调查问卷的质量.在美国,ACASI已经应用于国家青少年健康队列研究和国家男青少年调查研究中,在这些调查中,ACASI被广泛接受,并且相对于其他的数据调查方法,该方法能够获得更可靠的数据[3].     

安庆市农村中老年人生命质量评价及影响因素分析

目的调查农村地区中老年人生命质量,建立中老年人群年龄别、性别SF-36量表各维度正常参考值,并分析影响该人群生命质量的因素,为提高目标人群生命质量提供参考依据。方法用SF-36量表对农村地区1009名45～75岁的普通人群进行生命质量评价,同时调查可能影响生命质量的性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况等一般情况,用t检验、方差分析和多元线性回归统计方法分析影响生命质量的因素。结果本次调查的中老年人生命质量总得分平均为73.32±24.61;多元线性回归分析显示,影响中老年人生命质量的可能因素有性别、婚姻状况、职业和年龄。结论政府应采取积极的政策预防和控制慢性病、改善女性的家庭地位、加强对孤寡老人的救助。针对女性以及孤寡老人等社会弱势人群,在制订和实施卫生服务以及社会保障政策时应予以重点考虑,以期提高农村地区中老年人的生命质量。     

山西省翼城县妇女生命质量调查研究

目的调查城乡妇女的生理、心理、社会关系和环境方面的健康知识与行为情况,从而提出改善妇女生命质量的可行性措施。方法采用问卷调查法收集调查数据,用描述性分析方法及健康评价的常用指标,对构成妇女生命质量的各个方面进行分析,从整体上了解研究对象的基本情况。结果妇女生命质量得分:城镇优于农村,与经济发展的区域分布特征相吻合。离异妇女、丧偶妇女及慢性病妇女生命质量的得分均低于其他普通妇女。结论生命质量存在显著地域差异与人群差异,婚姻、职业、年龄、慢性病等是影响妇女生命质量的关键因素。     

城市新贫困人群生命质量多元分析及综合评价

目的对城市下岗人群生命质量进行多元分析和综合评价。方法用SF-36健康调查量表对沈阳市某社区103名下岗失业贫困人群(新贫困人群)的生命质量进行评价,并分别与贫困组和非贫困组进行多元分析比较,评价其生命质量。结果城市下岗者、贫困者及非贫困者人群的生命质量从8个维度综合来看,差异均有统计学意义,3组人群生命质量与最优值的相对接近度的C值分别为0·35,0·04和1·00。结论城市新贫困人群的生命质量接近于贫困人群,但远远低于非贫困人群,应采取相应的干预措施。防止城市新贫困人群的生命质量向更加恶劣的趋势转化。     

无锡市普通健康人群生命质量评价及影响因素分析

目的评价无锡市普通健康人群的生命质量,分析影响人群生命质量的主要因素,为提高人群生命质量提供参考依据。方法对调查对象的基本情况和生命质量进行问卷调查,评价结果与杭州市、四川省、美国常模比较,用t检验、方差分析和多元线性回归统计方法分析影响生命质量的因素。结果无锡市普通健康人群SF-36评价结果与杭州市、四川省、美国常模比较,在不同领域存在差异,尤以GH、VT、MH三个领域显著;多因素分析结果显示影响无锡市普通健康人群生命质量的主要因素有城乡差别、年龄、性别、精神因素(创伤或压抑)、体育锻炼、吸烟和文化程度7个因素。结论制定了无锡市普通健康人群不同性别及年龄的SF-36评价参考值;影响无锡市普通健康人群生命质量的因素是多方面的,但生活行为方式对其各领域的影响日益突出,应提倡健康的生活方式来提高人群的生命质量。     

生命质量评价在职业流行病学中的应用

生命质量的测定方法分为访谈法、观察法、主观报告法、症状定式检查法、标准化的量表评定法等,根据人群、疾病种类和测定目的不同选用不同的测定量表.生命质量评价为职业流行病学研究提供了一种新的研究手段,用生命质量评价方法可全面考虑尘肺等职业病及职业性皮炎等其他工作相关疾病对患者造成的躯体、心理和社会影响,也可以对职业人群的健康状况作出全面的评价,探讨影响职业人群生命质量的因素,全面评价医疗保健措施的效果,保护重点人群,为采取有效的重点防治措施提供了新的科学依据.     

参与性农村调查方法在妇幼卫生服务评价中的应用

介绍了参与性农村调查方法(PRA)在妇幼卫生服务评价中的应用。倡议开展农村妇幼卫生服务评价时,应用PRA,注重和促进社区目标人群——广大妇女的参与,为调查、评价、计划和决策开辟新的方法和途径,为政策制订提供真实可靠的依据。     

F-820血液分析仪标准操作规范的建立与运行

质量控制是临床实验室获得可靠测定结果的重要保证。室内质控是由实验室工作人员采用统计方法，连续评价本实验室测定工作的可靠程度，报告是否检测和控制本实验室血常规工作的精密度，检测其准确度的改变，提高工作质量，连续评价本实验室测定工作的可靠程度，判断检验报告是否可发出的过程。疾病控制中心经常有大批样品检验任务，若不能在样品检验之前对检验系统进行可靠性评价，则无法保证样品数据的质量，一旦发生检验系统质量失控，大批样品的复检是难以想象的。为保证样品数据的真实可靠，需要一套完整的质量评价标准操作规范。     

城市贫困人群生命质量疾病生命质量谱法评价

目的 以疾病生命质量谱为参照体系评价城市贫困人群的生命质量状态.方法 检索采用健康自评量表(SF-36)研究疾病人群生命质量的文献,建立疾病生命质量谱,调查城市贫困人群生命质量,将城市贫困人群的生命质量值在疾病生命质量谱中进行定位及评价.结果 低收入非低保组定位于3级谱段,低收入低保组定位于1级谱段.其中低保组中的新贫困组定位于2级谱段,传统贫困组定位于1级谱段.城市贫困人群的生命质量相当于患有中、重度疾病人群的生命质量.结论 城市贫困人群的生命质量评分能够纳入疾病生命质量谱,表明受经济窘迫导致的生命质量下降程度与患病人群受疾病影响导致的生命质量下降水平已经相当.疾病生命质量谱可以作为城市贫困人群生命质量评价的参考体系.     

Completeness of data on live birth certificates and death certificates for early neonatal and fetal deaths in the Ribeirão Preto Region, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2000-2007

This study aimed to evaluate the completeness of data on nine items included in both the certificate of live birth (CLB) and death certificate (DC), as well as the retrieval of data on early neonatal deaths. The study assessed live birth and early neonatal and fetal death records in municipalities in the Ribeir?o Preto Region, S?o Paulo State, Brazil, from 2000 to 2007. Database matching for live births and deaths allowed retrieving data on early neonatal deaths. Data completion was good on the CLB and poor on the DC. Retrieval of data related to mortality was satisfactory, except for maternal schooling, number of live born children, and stillbirths. The findings highlight the need to improve completion of the DC and showed that the retrieval process improved the completeness of data from the database on early neonatal deaths. The use of reports on local investigation of deaths is recommended as a strategy to make mortality databases more complete.     

An exploratory investigation of elders' views on diet, nutrition and cancer prevention

The goal of this exploratory investigation was to describe views related to diet and cancer prevention among the residents of a southwestern retirement community. Ethnographic interviews were conducted with twelve residents, providing over 500 data bits for this investigation. Several categories representative of the elders' views related to diet and cancer prevention were identified using content analysis. These included Determinants of food choices, Vigilance and diet and Expectations related to diet and cancer prevention. Two cultural themes illustrated the semantic relationships among the categories: "It's not easy to change your diet, especially when you are all alone," and "Eating right helps you resist disease but it is just too late for us." As diet becomes a primary means of reducing one's risk for certain types of cancer, the informed expertise of nutrition educators and health practitioners is needed to assist the public in adopting dietary guidelines. Qualitative data, as presented here, will be useful in developing effective education materials to meet this need.     

Inclusion of laboratory test results in the surveillance of infectious diseases

We studied certain indicators of the speed with which infectious diseases were notified and epidemiological case records carried out by public health workers for notifications with and without inclusion of laboratory test results. The notification records for brucellosis, dysentery, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis, meningococcal meningitis, and pulmonary tuberculosis in the province of Barcelona between 1982 and 1986 have been reviewed. For each disease notified the time lapse between the onset of symptoms and notification (Delay 1), between notification and implementation of the epidemiological investigation (Delay 2), and the sum of both time lapses (Delay 3) were calculated. In all diseases (with the exception of meningococcal meningitis) when significant differences in delays were noted, the longest were found in those notifications that included laboratory data in the epidemiological investigation. This means that the provision of laboratory data makes the process of notification slower (Delays 1, 2, and 3). Both notification when laboratory results are available and the inclusion of laboratory data in the epidemiological investigation, have a negative influence on the speed of the statutory notification process.     

广州城区女性尿失禁的流行病学研究

目的:调查广州城区职工女性尿失禁的患病率、患病特点和相关影响因素。方法:对广州城区内8个单位的20岁以上成年女性共2 500人在妇科普查同时进行尿失禁症状现场调查,从20岁起每10岁为1个年龄段,分为6组。结果:共获得资料完整问卷2 480份,女性尿失禁的患病率为27.34%(678/2 480),压力性尿失禁、急迫性尿失禁和混合性尿失禁的患病率分别为16.01%(397/2 480)、2.98%(74/2 480)和8.35%(207/2 480)。随着年龄的增长,混合性尿失禁患病率增加。轻度尿失禁占84.96%(576/678),中重度占15.04%(102/678),>40岁占95.10%(97/102)。多因素Logistic回归表明年龄、阴道分娩、子宫及阴道壁膨出、肥胖、便秘和慢性咳嗽等是尿失禁发生的影响因素。结论:广州城区女职工尿失禁以轻度压力性尿失禁为主,随着年龄增大,中重度尿失禁发病增加,阴道分娩是尿失禁发生的重要影响因素。     

Community--academia partnerships to promote nutrition in the lower Mississippi delta: community members' perceptions of effectiveness, barriers, and factors related to success

This study examined the perceptions of community members' engaged in community-academia partnerships involved in developing nutrition interventions in three communities in the Lower Mississippi Delta. Perceptions on effectiveness of the partnerships were investigated. Six focus group interviews were conducted, with 33 participants that included 27 females and 6 males. The data were analyzed by content coding. Emerging themes were identified and related to accomplishments, barriers to success, and factors related to success of the partnerships. Accomplishments included the establishment of active committees, positive changes in health behavior related to food choices, and participation in community events. Barriers to success included the slow pace of intervention implementation, difficulties with understanding the role of the community in the participatory research process, the decision-making processes, and project name recognition. Factors related to success were tangible benefits to the community, participation that was representative, simplification of the research process, and the decision-making processes.     

Vaginal photoplethysmography: Methodological considerations

Methodological considerations related to the use of vaginal photoplethysmography in the experimental investigation of physiological sexual arousal in women are discussed. Specific topics covered include the operation and use of the device, methods of data reduction and analysis, and the role of vaginal photoplethysmography in the study of female sexual arousal. A review of the literature focusing on methodological issues is also included.The preparation of this article was supported by NIMH Grant MH1462103 to Richard Green.     

Age, social ties and health behaviors: an exploratory study

This investigation explores the conditions under which socialsupport or social ties are related to health behaviors. Specifically,the types of health behaviors related to social ties are examined;the degree to which these relationships vary across age andsex groups is assessed; and possible moderating variables areidentified. The study population included 2603 adults, who wererandomly selected from among the members of a large health maintenanceorganization. Medical record data covering seven years of outpatientservices were linked with survey data on the respondents. Thefindings show that people who have more social ties engage ina greater number of health promoting and preventive behaviorsand fewer risk-taking behaviors. This link is strongest amongolder people. The results also indicate that social ties arerelated to fewer risk-taking behaviors only when the behaviorappears to be health salient. The findings are interpreted ina life stage context.     

Epidemiological studies of neurological signs and symptoms and blood pressure in populations near the industrial methylmercury contamination at Minamata,Japan

Severe methylmercury exposure occurred in Minamata, Japan. Only a limited number of epidemiological studies related to that exposure have been carried out. The evidence that methylmercury is cardiotoxic is very limited, and these studies provide only minimal support for that hypothesis. We therefore analyzed the data both from an investigation in Minamata and neighboring communities in 1971 and an investigation in 1974 in another area simultaneously. We included a total of 3,751 participants. We examined the association of residential area with neurological signs or blood pressure using logistic regression or multiple linear regression models, adjusting for sex and age. We found that the prevalence of neurological signs and symptoms was elevated in the Minamata area (high-exposure), followed by the Goshonoura area (medium-exposure). Moreover, blood pressure was elevated in residents of the Minamata area.