糖耐量低减人群治疗依从性现状分析

糖耐量低减（impaired glucosetolerance，IGT）是糖调节受损（impaired glucose regulation，IGR）的两种状态之一，是糖尿病发病过程中的中间阶段。s1999年世界卫生组织（WH（））制定的IGT诊断标准：空腹血糖（FPG）〈7．0mmol／L；葡萄糖耐量实验口服75g，葡萄糖2h后血糖（OGTT2hPG）≥7．8mmol／L，且〈11．1mmol／L。     

68例空腹血糖偏高患者 OGTT 试验结果分析

目的：了解空腹血糖（FPG）偏高患者的糖代谢及糖耐量情况。方法对68例曾经进行 FPG 检查且FPG 结果在5．6～7．0 mmol/L 的患者,进行口服葡糖糖耐量试验（OGTT）。结果68例 FPG 偏高受检者进行OGTT 后,其中10例正常糖耐量;10例 FPG 受损;20例餐后2 h 血糖（2 h PG）≥11．1mmol/L,为糖尿病;28例葡糖糖耐量减低（IGT）。在68例受检者中有42例餐后1 h 血糖（1 h PG）≥11．1 mmol/L,其中在糖耐量正常者中有4例1 h PG≥11．1 mmol/L,空服血糖受损（IFG）者中10例1 h PG 均超过11．1 mmol/L。结论对于肥胖、有糖尿病家族史、FPG 偏高等高危患者进行 OGTT 试验,能够降低糖尿病的漏诊率。对 IFG、IGT 和1 h 高血糖（1hHG）患者应尽早进行治疗干预,指导患者改善生活方式,预防 IGT 和1hHG 向糖尿病的转变。对糖尿病的高危人群及早发现糖尿病前期,并及早进行干预,延缓糖尿病的发生和减少糖尿病并发症的发病率。     

1,5-脱水葡萄糖醇在葡萄糖耐量异常中的应用价值

目的探讨1，5-脱水葡萄糖醇（1，5-anhydroglucitol，1，5-AG）在葡萄糖耐量异常中的临床意义。方法对正常型、糖耐量损伤型（IGT）和糖尿病型等血清进行空腹血糖、1，5-AG和糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）测定。结果与正常型的1，5-AG相比，IGT（P〈0．05）和糖尿病型（P〈0．01）显著降低；并且，糖尿病型明显比IGT低（P〈0．01）。糖尿病型的HbAlc明显比IGT（P〈0．01）、正常型（P〈0．01）高；而正常型和IGT两者的HbAlc间差异无统计学意义。结论联合检测空腹血糖和1，5-AG在健康检查和早期诊断糖代谢异常时具有重要的价值。     

空腹血糖切点下调对糖尿病、糖耐量受损检出率的影响

目的：探讨空腹血糖切点下调对糖尿病、糖耐量受损（IGT）检出率的影响。方法：对广州市石牌社区55岁以上无糖尿病、糖调节受损（IGR）史人群（共868人）进行调查,测定他们的空腹血糖,空腹血糖≥5．6mmol／L的人员参加复检,行OGTT（129人）,分析新诊断的糖尿病及IGT情况。结果：129人中新诊断糖尿病有51人,新诊断IGR共28人,其中IGT20人。复检空腹血糖5．6～6．1mmoL／L22人,其中达到糖尿病诊断标准的有7人（32％）,达到IGT诊断标准的有3人（14％）;复检空腹血糖6．1～7．0mmol/L37人,其中达到糖尿病诊断标准18人（49％）,达到IGT诊断标准11人（30％）。结论：空腹血糖切点的下调有利于减少糖尿病、IGT的漏诊率。     

糖负荷后2小时血糖在糖尿病诊断中的意义

目的：探讨糖负荷后2小时血糖（2hPG）在糖尿病诊断中的意义。方法：4660例连续的内分泌门诊病人采用口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），对其血浆葡萄糖结果进行分析。结果：4660例中，2856例（61．3％）2hPG达到糖尿病诊断标准，其中622例（21．8％）空腹血浆葡萄糖（FPG）小于7．0mmol/L；2319例（49．8％）FPG达到糖尿病诊断标准，其中85例（3．7％）2hPG小于11．1mmol/L。1710例FPG小于6．1mmol/L,其中274例（16％）2hPG达到糖尿病诊断标准。631例FPG大鼠或等于6．1mmol/L，且小于7．0mmol/L，以2hPG标准判断达糖尿病标准者348例（55％），糖耐量减低（IGT）213例（34％），空腹高血糖（IFG）70例（11％）。结论：2hPG诊断糖尿病敏感性高于FPG标准，且漏诊率也低于FPG标准，2hPG标准和FPG标准不能相互取代。FPG正常不能排除糖尿病，FPG大于或等于6．1mmol/L且小于7．0mmol/L者，必须核查OGTT，以了解是否为糖尿病或IGT。     

上海市普陀区桃浦镇糖尿病筛查及糖耐量异常干预研究

【目的】调查上海市普陀区桃浦镇糖尿病及糖耐量异常的患病率，了解对糖耐量异常者分组干预的结果。【方法】以流行病学方法于2008年10月至2009年4月对桃浦镇常住居民进行糖尿病筛查。使用问卷调查收集糖尿病疾病史，家族史，肥胖史等资料，对已知糖尿病者进行馒头餐试验，对无糖尿病史者进行葡萄糖耐量试验。对筛查发现的糖耐量异常（IGT）患者进行随机分组干预，分析IGT患者早期干预意义。【结果】2015名调查者中，糖尿病患病率为15．2％，其中新发157人，糖耐量异常216人，患病率10．7％。将IGT患者随机分组，6个月后，普通干预组血糖正常率11．1％，强化干预组血糖正常率81．5％，两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。【结论】上海普陀区桃浦镇糖尿病患病率及IGT患病率较高，对于IGT患者实行早期规范的干预，可能使其血糖恢复正常，延缓糖尿病发病时间。     

糖耐量减低与冠心病发病率的临床研究

糖耐量减低（IGT）是一组已有低谢异常并有可能向糖尿病（DM）发展的病理、生理过程的中间阶段，其诊断标准为口服75g葡萄糖（OGTT）后2小时所测静脉血浆葡萄糖处于7．8-11．1mmol／L之间者，近年来的研究表明。1GT者不仅存在胰岛素分泌和作用的缺陷，具有发生2型糖尿病的倾向，而且常与高胰岛素血症，脂代谢紊乱，肥胖等代谢异常综合征并存。具有高度发生心血管疾病的危险性，所以仅仅筛查空腹血糖是一个过时的概念，必须规范检查OGTT，才能大量减少糖尿病和糖尿病前期患者的漏诊，更及时地采取干预措施，降低患者冠心病的发病率。     

ADA(美国糖尿病学会)糖尿病诊断新标准值得商榷

目的 探讨ADA（美国糖尿病学会1997年）糖尿病诊断新标准是否优于WHO（世界卫生组织1985年）诊断标准。方法 口服75g葡萄糖进行糖耐量试验（OGTT），测空腹血糖和糖负荷后2h血糖值。结果 ADA糖尿病诊断标准比WHO空腹血糖（FPG）诊断标准，可提高敏感性10.1%；按ADA标准诊断的75例糖尿病患者中有15例（20％）按WHO标准诊断为糖耐量低减（IGT），而且漏诊了餐后高血糖、糖尿病患者36例（32．4％）。ADA标准诊断，诊断空腹血糖异常（IFG）人群中按WHO标准有42例（37．8％）诊断为糖尿病，有60例（42．6％）诊断为IGT。结论 ADA诊断标准化WHO标准（FPG）虽可提高FPG诊断敏感性10．1％，但并不优于WHO诊断标准OGTT试验2h血糖（2h PG)值的敏感性。因此，认为WHO标准OGTT试验2h PG值有高敏感性和特异性，作为临床必要的诊断手段在临床工作中应该保留，临床医生要重视2h PG值。     

不同糖耐量人群胰岛素抵抗的比较

【目的】研究不同糖耐量人群胰岛素抵抗程度的差异。【方法】将412名门诊患者按OGTT分为4组：糖尿病组（NDM，n=180），空腹血糖受损组（IFG，n=35），糖耐量异常组（IGT，n=46），糖耐量正常组（NGT，n=151）。测定血压、血脂（TG和HDL）、体质指数（BMI）；应用胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）及胰岛素作用指数（IAI）对不同糖耐量人群进行测定。【结果】DM、IFG及IGT组均较NGT组IAI下降，HOMA-IR增高，DM组表现得尤为显著；而IFG组与IGT组比较，亦有显著的IAI下降及HOMA-IR增高（P〈0．05）。【结论】不同糖耐量人群随着糖调节不同程度的受损HOMA-IR和IAI均有增幅变化，这两种指标可较准确的评估胰岛素敏感性。IFG与IGT人群胰岛素抵抗的机制可能有所不同。     

孕妇阴道念珠菌感染与糖代谢异常程度的关系

目的探讨孕妇阴道念珠菌感染与糖代谢异常程度的关系。方法选择2002年1月至2007年6月在重庆市九龙坡区第二人民医院行产前检查并分娩的213例妊娠期糖代谢异常孕妇为观察对象,其中妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）132例,妊娠期糖耐量受损（GIGT）81例。213例患者中,27例妊娠期合并阴道念珠菌感染,其中16例妊娠期有阴道念珠菌感染再次发作;186例未合并阴道念珠菌感染。比较3组孕妇的50g葡萄糖筛查试验（GCT）,75g葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）结果。结果GDM患者阴道念珠菌感染的发病率（15％,21／132）高于妊娠期GIGT的发病率（7．4％,6／81）,二者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;阴道念珠菌感染组及未合并阴道念珠菌感染组的GCT分别为（9．6±1．8）、（9．2±1．5）mmol／L;OGTT空腹血糖分别为（5．4±0．9）、（5．3±0．8）mmol／L,1h血糖分别为（11．1±1．8）、（11．0±1．6）mmol／L,2h血糖分别为（9．3±1．7）、（9．2±1．5）mmol／L;分别比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。反复阴道念珠菌感染组GCT为（10．5士1．1）mmol／L;OGTT空腹血糖为（5．4±1．1）mmol／L,1h血糖为（11．5±0．9）mmol／L,2h血糖为（9．4±1．4）mmol／L,与未合并阴道念珠菌感染组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论妊娠合并糖代谢异常伴阴道念珠菌感染时,GCT、OGTT各点血糖水平无明显升高,但GDM与GIGT孕妇比较,阴道念珠菌感染发病率呈现上升趋势。     

不同年龄段的正常糖耐量人群血糖值及其相关因素分析

目的 分析不同年龄段正常糖耐量(NGT)者血糖水平及相互关系.方法 选择上海市杨浦区部分街道流行病学调研2098例30岁以上居民,根据糖耐量(OGTT)检测中空腹血糖值(FPG)和2 h血糖值(2 hPG),诊断为NGT、糖耐量低减(IGT)、空腹血糖受损(IFG)、IGT合并IFG(IGT/IFG)、糖尿病(DM),将NGT者按年龄分成5组,观察各年龄组的血糖水平,用稳态模式分析胰岛β细胞功能指数(HBCI),并对其进行统计学分析.结果 在NGT中60～69年龄组FPG值(5.17±0.48)mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)(6.01±0.62)%较50～59年龄组FPG值(5.09±0.44)mmol/L、HbA1c值(5.95±0.66)%高(t值分别为2.06、2.48,P均<0.05).60～69年龄组FIG值较40～49年龄组FPG值(5.01±0.47)mmol/L高(t=2.26,P<0.01),50～59年龄组FPG值较40～49年龄组高(t=2.48,P<0.01),5组按年龄从小至大比较,空腹胰岛素(FINS)值变化无明显规律;60岁以上HBCI较60岁以下的HBCI值下降,差异有统计学意义(F值为33.75,P<0.01).结论 NGT人群随着年龄的增长,FPG、HbAlc可能增高.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the glucose levels and associated factors among the normal glucose tolerance subjects with different age.Methods Totally a community-based population of 2098 residences aged above 30 years Were tested with OGTT,and classified into normal glucose tolerance group(NGT),impaired glucose tolerance group(IGT),impaired fasting glucose group(IFG),both IGT and IFG group(ICT/IFC),anddiabetes group(DM) according to fasting and 2 hours glucose level(2 hPG).The subjects in NGT group were further divided into 5 groups according to different ages.The levels of blood glucose and HBCI in different groups and subgroups were measured and analyzed statistically. Results For patients in NGT,the FPG([5.17.±0.48]mmol/L vs.[5.09±0.44]mmol/L,P<0.05)and HbA1c([6.01±0.62]%vs.[5.95±0.66]%.P<0.05)in group aged 60-69 Were higher than that in group aged 50-59.The FPG in group aged 60-69 was also higher than those in group aged 40-49([5.17±0.48]mmol/L vs.[5.00±0.47]mmol/L,P<0.01),and the FPG in group aged 50-59 Was also higher than those in group aged 40-49([5.09±0.44]mmol/L vs..[5.00±0.47]mmol/L,P<0.01).There was no correlation between age and FINS,while a tendency of decreasing HBCI could be observed along with increasing of age(F=33.75,P<0.05).Conclusion In NGT subjects,the FPG and HbA1 C inereased along with age.     

糖尿病和糖耐量异常患者在急性缺血性脑血管病中的调查研究

目的 探讨糖尿病和糖耐量异常患者在急性缺血性脑血管病中的流行情况.方法 选择急诊内科病房及神经内科住院的115例短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、496例急性脑梗死患者进行空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白检测,登记患者的临床资料,对既往未诊断糖尿病而空腹血糖在6.1～6.9 mmol/L的患者中进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),糖代谢分类采用2003年美国糖尿病学会建议标准.结果 611例急性缺血性脑血管病患者住院前糖尿病的诊断率18.8%,住院后系统检查发现糖尿病新的患病率45.0%,糖耐量异常18.6%;212例空腹血糖在6.1～6.9 mmol/L的患者中,OGTT发现其中33.5%患者可诊断为糖尿病,53.8%提示糖耐量异常.结论 63.8%的急性缺血性脑血管病患者合并糖尿病或糖耐量异常;空腹血糖在6.1～6.9 mmol/L的患者应常规做OGTT检查来筛查糖代谢异常患者.     

Screening for type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism: the Australian experience

OBJECTIVE: To assess the Australian protocol for identifying undiagnosed type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Australian screening protocol recommends a stepped approach to detecting undiagnosed type 2 diabetes based on assessment of risk status, measurement of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in individuals at risk, and further testing according to FPG. The performance of and variations to this protocol were assessed in a population-based sample of 10,508 Australians. RESULTS: The protocol had a sensitivity of 79.9%, specificity of 79.9%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 13.7% for detecting undiagnosed type 2 diabetes and sensitivity of 51.9% and specificity of 86.7% for detecting impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). To achieve these diagnostic rates, 20.7% of the Australian adult population would require an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Increasing the FPG cut point to 6.1 mmol/l (110 mg/dl) or using HbA(1c) instead of FPG to determine the need for an OGTT in people with risk factors reduced sensitivity, increased specificity and PPV, and reduced the proportion requiring an OGTT. However, each of these protocol variations substantially reduced the detection of IGT or IFG. CONCLUSIONS: The Australian screening protocol identified one new case of diabetes for every 32 people screened, with 4 of 10 people screened requiring FPG measurement and 1 in 5 requiring an OGTT. In addition, 1 in 11 people screened had IGT or IFG. Including HbA(1c) measurement substantially reduced both the number requiring an OGTT and the detection of IGT or IFG.     

2003 ADA空腹血糖受损诊断标准在中老年患者中的评估

目的分析2003年美国糖尿病学会（ADA）空腹血糖受损（IFG）的空腹血糖（FPG）诊断标准下调对中老年糖调节受45（IGR）人群检出率的影响,并探讨区分糖调节正常与受损的FPG理想切点。方法3219例50岁以上台州农村人群分层整群随机抽样调查,空腹测毛细血管血糖。若FPG5．6mmol/L做OGTF检查。结果IFG患病率按新诊断切点5．6mmol/L为10．15％,按原切点6．1mmol/L为1．24％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（X^2=83．55,P〈0．05）;空腹血糖受损合并糖耐量受损（IGT）患病率按新诊断切点5．6mmol／L为6．14％．按原切点6．1mmol／L为3．26％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（X^2=10．78,P〈0．05）。计算不同FPG切点诊断IGR的约登指数,最大值对应的FPG为5．7mmol／l。结论IFG诊断标准下调后,IFG、IFG＋IGT检出率明显增加：非DM中老年人群中诊断IGR的FPG理想截定点为5．7mmol/L．     

Combined use of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c predicts the progression to diabetes in Chinese subjects

OBJECTIVE: We have previously suggested using the paired values of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c to identify potential diabetic subjects. In this article, we followed up on 208 nondiabetic subjects and examined their rates of progression to diabetes. We analyzed their likelihood of becoming diabetic according to their baseline FPG and HbA1c concentrations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Between 1988 and 1995, 2,877 Chinese subjects with risk factors for diabetes underwent screening. Of these, 2,250 had FPG <7.8 mmol/l and 2-h plasma glucose (PG) <11.1 mmol/l. Of these 2,250 subjects, 265 were randomly recruited for an annual oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) until they progressed to develop diabetes. Of those 265 subjects, 57 had baseline FPG > or =7.0 mmol/l and were excluded from the present analysis. Hence, the progression of glucose tolerance in 208 subjects who were nondiabetic according to the new American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria (FPG < 7.0 mmol/l and 2-h PG < 11.1 mmol/l) was examined RESULTS: Of the 208 nondiabetic subjects, 26 (12.5%) were men and 182 (87.5%) were women. After a mean follow-up of 1.60 +/- 1.16 years (range 1-7, median 1), 44 (21.2%) progressed to develop diabetes and 164 (78.8%) remained nondiabetic. Those who were diabetic at the end of the study had a high likelihood ratio (LR) of 9.3 to have baseline FPG > or =6.1 mmol/l and baseline HbA1c > or =6.1%. This was compared with a low LR of 0.6-1.1 in diabetic subjects who had either FPG <6.1 mmol/l or HbA1c <6.1% or both at baseline. The crude rate of progression to diabetes was more than five times higher (44.1 vs. 8.1%) in those whose baseline FPG was > or =6.1 mmol/l and baseline HbA1c was > or =6.1% compared with those whose baseline FPG was <6.1 mmol/l and baseline HbA1c was <6.1%. CONCLUSIONS: For Chinese subjects with risk factors for glucose intolerance, the use of paired FPG and HbA1c values helped to identify potential diabetic subjects. Those with an FPG > or =6.1 mmol/l and HbA1c > or =6.1% had a rate of progression to diabetes more than five times higher than those with an FPG <6.1 mmol/l and an HbA1c <6.1% after a mean follow-up of 1.6 years. Those with an FPG > or =6.1 but <7.0 mmol/l, especially if their HbA1c was > or =6.1%, should undergo an OGTT to confirm diabetes. Subjects with an FPG <6.1 mmol/l and/or an HbA1c <6.1% should have regular screening using the paired values of FPG and HbA1c.     

糖耐量低减患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与胰岛素敏感性的关系研究

目的:探讨糖耐量低减(IGT)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)值与机体胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素分泌功能的关系。方法:对47例按世界卫生组织1999年标准确诊的IGT患者和20名健康对照者进行研究。运用高分辨率B型超声仪检测受试者的颈动脉IMT,同时检测血糖、血清胰岛素、糖基化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、尿微量白蛋白排泌率(UAER)和血脂,并计算HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR)和胰岛B细胞分泌指数(HOMAIS)以分别反映机体的胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素分泌功能。结果:IGT患者的颈动脉IMT值显著高于正常对照(P<0.01),HOMAIR指数和HOMAIS指数均低于正常对照(P<0.01)。进一步将患者分为合并空腹血糖异常(IFG)组(IGT1组)和单纯IGT组(IGT2组)后发现,IGT1组的颈动脉IMT值显著高于血糖相对较低的IGT2组(P<0.05)。线性相关分析显示,IGT患者的颈动脉IMT值均与HbA1c、空腹血糖、BMI、舒张压和HOMAIR指数呈显著正相关(P<0.5)。结论:IGT患者颈动脉IMT值高于正常人,而且与糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗发生、发展有密切的关系。     

Post-load glucose measurements in oral glucose tolerance tests correlate well with 1,5-anhydroglucitol, an indicator of overall glycaemic state, in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Using both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods, we investigated the relationship between post-load serum glucose concentration in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and overall glycaemic state in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Glycaemic state was assessed by measuring glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and the serum concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG). In the cross-sectional study, the concentration of 1,5-AG, while remaining within a normal range, was reduced to a degree proportional to the post-load glycaemic level. Although the correlation between HbA1c and post-load plasma glucose was relatively weak (r=0.281, P<0.001), a significant inverse correlation (r=-0.824, P<0.0001) was found between 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose concentration in 211 subjects with IGT. Fasting plasma glucose (r=-0.539, P<0.0001) and 2 h plasma glucose (r=-0.621, P<0.0001) were correlated with 1,5-AG less strongly than was post-load glycaemia. Both 1,5-AG and HbA1c were correlated weakly but significantly with the fasting insulin concentration. In the longitudinal study we measured 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose with an OGTT once yearly for 10 years in 15 subjects with IGT. Strong inverse correlations were seen between 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose in each subject (range of r values among subjects of -0.584 to -0.978). These findings suggest a close relationship between post-load plasma glucose concentration measured by OGTT and overall glycaemic state in subjects with IGT.     

Receiver operating characteristic analysis on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and fructosamine on diabetes screening.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of HbA1c and fructosamine as alternatives to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for diabetes screening. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted on the above tests. Comparison among tests was based on the area under ROC curve of a test. World Health Organization criteria for classifying glucose tolerance status of the subjects was used. The study consisted of subjects (n = 583) who visited the clinic from September to October 1989 and all diabetic cases (n = 36) from November 1989 to March 1990, after excluding those less than 40 yr of age or with hypoglycemic therapies (469 were normal, 88 with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT], and 62 with diabetes). RESULTS: Area under ROC curve of HbA1c was not different from that of FPG. Area under curve of fructosamine was significantly smaller than that of FPG. For all tests, overall efficacy of a test to detect IGT and diabetes was considerably diminished compared with detection of diabetes alone. CONCLUSIONS: The discriminating ability of HbA1c is almost the same as that of FPG, therefore HbA1c is a good alternative to FPG. Fructosamine is not suitable for diabetes screening.     

糖化血红蛋白和血糖水平检测对精神病患者并发糖尿病的诊断价值

目的探讨糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)2 h血糖检测对精神病并发糖尿病诊断的临床价值。方法收集重庆市精神卫生中心歌乐山院区老年科及综合科107例精神病并发糖尿病患者纳入观察组,110例非糖尿病的精神病患者纳入疾病对照组,100例职工健康体检者纳入健康对照组。采集血清及抗凝全血标本,采用己糖激酶法测定FPG、OGTT 2 h血糖,采用液相色谱离子交换层析法检测HbA1c水平,比较3组研究对象各项指标水平,并分析观察组各项指标相关性及并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者的FPG、OGTT 2 h血糖、HbA1c水平均明显高于疾病对照组和健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);疾病对照组和健康对照组的FPG、OGTT 2 h血糖、HbA1c水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组中,FPG与HbA1c呈显著正相关(r=0.591,P<0.05);OGTT 2 h血糖水平与HbA1c水平呈显著正相关(r=0.564,P<0.05)。HbA1c>8%患者相关并发症的发生率均明显高于HbA1c≤8%患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论FPG、OGTT和HbA1c水平检测可作为诊断精神病患者并发糖尿病的一项重要指标,且对并发症发生风险具有重要的评估价值。     

Hemoglobin A1c and glucose criteria identify different subjects as having type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and older populations: The KORA S4/F4 Study

Abstract

Objective. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recently recommended HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes as an alternative to glucose-based criteria. We compared the new HbA1c-based criteria for diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes with the glucose-based criteria.

Research design and methods. In the population-based German KORA surveys (S4/F4) 1,764 non-diabetic participants aged 31–60 years and 896 participants aged 61–75 years underwent measurements of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and 2-h glucose.

Results. Only 20% of all subjects diagnosed with diabetes by glucose or HbA1c criteria had diabetes by both criteria; for prediabetes, the corresponding figure was 23%. Using HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, the prevalence of diabetes was strongly reduced compared to the glucose criteria (0.7% instead of 2.3% in the middle-aged, 2.9% instead of 7.9% in the older subjects). Only 32.0% (middle-aged) and 43.2% (older group) of isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT) cases were detected by the HbA1c criterion (5.7% ≤ HbA1c < 6.5%).

Conclusion. By glucose and the new HbA1c diabetes criteria, different subjects are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in middle-aged as well as older subjects. The new HbA1c criterion lacks sensitivity for impaired glucose tolerance.