国际非专利名称(INN)所用词干(续)

留业厦宾口叫巨心︺.口留华脚月泊匕。艺口留含华匡月妞匕。︺。戈留袋·禽拟斗国事州牟稗舀.‘橄.留如平袱‘口匕‘。留。。芝留如·椒拟十日事州供街越拟名蟾。留娜枷平以:一分吕国留娜枷。稼叙十皿平州华妥侧龙性盏，留摇钱早已州只‘。口三川卜留篇长口州只口吕。S留写麟枷枷‘日匕。。日，国留薪也宜月目昌召之留薪·稼拟﹄皿嗽转懊孟盏蟾呼留徐粗月口口巴神声留张目蜘口艺七召。橙留报宾忍月扭匕召︸书d留报长嫂口旧七召。占留张·椒拟伟皿平州理界拼亥懊名遥像留稚跳狱口旧已。空已。芝留搏·椒拟十皿琳州创粥占.亡盏?留母物月扭匕…     

药物的国际非专利名称（INN）

药物的国际非专利名称（ＩＮＮ）Ｓ．Ｋｏｐｐ－Ｋｕｂｅｌ著顾立素金少鸿译涂国士校世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）的一项宪章任务是“发展、建立和促进有关生物的、药物的及类似制品的国际标准化”。该组织和各国家命名委员会密切协作，为每一个即将上市的药品的活性物质选择一...     

国际非专利药品名(INN)在我国生物制品命名领域的应用

目的：药品通用名称的命名是药品标准化管理的重要组成部分，不容忽视。本文概要介绍了国际非专利药品名（INN）的由来和组成，着重介绍了国际和我国生物制品通用名称命名的原则以及现状，讨论了INN用于我国生物技术制品通用名称命名的可行性和必要性。     

提问颈椎病(连载三)

大家还记得射击名将王义夫吗？在亚特兰大奥运会，他打完最后一枪后晕倒赛场，以零点一环的微弱之差，痛失几乎到手的金牌，给国人和自己留下了深深的遗憾！究竟是什么原因，使这位意志刚强、身经百战的神枪手，在夺冠有望的最后瞬间，却因头晕目眩而功败垂成呢?后经专家会诊，终于查出了肇事祸首——短暂性脑缺血(英文缩写TIA），即颈性眩晕症。     

2004年世界卫生组织公布的推荐使用的国际非专利药品名称介绍

一个药物往往有几个名称:世界卫生组织推荐使用的国际非专利药名(International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances,简称rINN)、国际纯粹与应用化学联合会推荐名称(Intemational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry,简称IUPAC名称)、药典名称或国家专门机构审定的药品名称,如美国的USAN(United States Adopted Names)、英国的BAN(British Approved Names)、日本的JAN(Japanese Accepted Names)、法国的DCF(Dénomination Commune Francaise)、意大利的DCIt(Denominazione Comune Italiana)和中国的CADN(Chinese Approved Drug Names)等.     

医学英语对话百则连载(三)

许多护士——那归侨说他海外的医务所里有“护士们和护士们”。他医务所里哪有许多护士?我知道得清楚,只有三个。——“护士们和护士们”意指有好的护士,也有差的护士。类似的讲法例如“外科医生们和外科医生们”、“化验员们和化验员们”,…。要表明“许多护士”,应该说“护士们和护士们和护士们”。——那么,要表明“更多”,就要说“护士们和护士们和护士们和护士们”;要表明“最多”,就要     

健康新语(连载)

(接第7期) 下面谈谈动物问题.广播电台说吃四条腿的不如吃两条腿的,而吃两条腿的不如吃多条腿的.这个概念在欧洲不一样.     

中药饮片标准(连载)

黄芫花【来源】本品为瑞香科植物河朔芫花Wihstroemia chamaeda Phne Meisn.的干燥花蕾。夏季花未开放时采摘,晒干。     

百草园里(连载)

<正> 第三回 八珍漫话十全大补 原来,百草园东头角落的黄芪听到争吵声,不甘寂寞,也迈步前来。四君子一见,便不约而同跨过荷花池,来到牡丹亭。这时,大家济济一堂,好不热闹。 “刚才争啥呀?”黄老问。 快嘴的川芎上前扯着黄袍:“黄老头儿,您给评评理,丹参姑娘说她比我们强!”     

Experimental toxicology of ASTA Z 7557 (INN mafosfamide)

Summary The LD 50 of Z 7557 in mice was between 500 and 625 mg/kg after i.v. and around 2310 mg/kg after oral administration. The corresponding LD 10 was around 435 mg/kg (i.v.) or 1100–1250 mg/kg (p.o.), respectively.The LD 50 values in rats were in the range of 250–310 mg/kg after i.v. administration and around 1000–1250 mg/kg if given orally.With repeated daily i.v. injections only 70% of the daily dose contributed to lethality. A second administration of Z 7557 to rats after reversal of all toxic signs from the first administration induced the same symptoms and degree of toxicity as the initial injection.Reversible myelosuppression was the predominant feature of toxicity in mice and rats, but at equimolar doses this myelotoxicity was less than half that of cyclophosphamide (CP). First signs of immunosuppression were seen only at 100 mg/kg i.v.No severe urotoxicity was observed in rats with single i.v. doses up to 192 mg/kg. This might be due to the fast and complete renal excretion of the thiol moiety of Z 7557, whereas the activated oxazaphosphorine component occurred in the urine only to a much smaller amount, as could be shown by a pilot pharmacokinetic study.In conclusion, Z 7557 appeared to have an overall tolerance in rats and mice similar to cyclophosphamide but was clearly less toxic with respect to the bone marrow, the immune system and the urinary tract.     

Comparative effects of ASTA Z 7557 (INN mafosfamide) and cyclophosphamide on hematopoiesis in mice

Summary Acute effects of ASTA Z 7557 and Cyclophosphamide (Cy) on pluripotential (CFU-S), granulocytic (CFU-C), early erythroid (BFU-E) and late erythroid (CFU-E) progenitor cells in the bone marrow, as well as on RBC and WBC, were compared in F₁ (CBA × C 57 BL) female mice. Dose-survival curves of both agents for CFU-S and CFU-C were found to be exponential, indicating that the effects of the drugs have no cell cycle dependency. At equimolar doses, marrow CFU-S and CFU-C contents appeared to decrease more rapidly with increasing doses of ASTA Z 7557 than with those of Cy. After a single dose of 200 mg/kg of each drug (= 50% LD₁₀), there was greater initial suppression of CFU-S, CFU-C, BFU-E and CFU-E in the Cy-treated animals than in ASTA Z 7557-treated mice. In both groups, however, the WBC had their nadir on Day 3 after treatment, followed by a return to normal by Day 8. In ASTA Z 7557-treated animals, the recovery of CFU-S, CFU-C and BFU-E was also completed by Day 8 after treatment. In Cy-treated mice, however, complete recovery of these cells was achieved on Day 15. Results indicate quantitative rather than qualitative differences between the marrow toxicities of ASTA Z 7557 and Cy in mice. Quantitative differences could be due to different pharmacokinetic properties of the agents, since Cy is excreted in partially unmetabolized form, and it might be that this inactive part of the agent grew with increasing drug doses.     

ASTA Z 7557 (INN mafosfamide) for the in vitro treatment of human leukemic bone marrows

Summary The in vitro treatment of leukemic bone marrows, collected during complete remission, aims at eliminating residual blast cells prior to freezing and preservation, while sparing normal hematopoietic stem cells.We report our experience on the activity of ASTA Z 7557 on human leukemic (CFU-L) and normal hematopoietic stem cells.The sensitivity of human leukemic and normal progenitor cells (CFU-c), detected in semi-solid media cultures, is similar. However, pre-CFUc progenitors detected in long term marrow cultures are much less sensitive to ASTA Z 7557. Therefore autologous bone marrow transplantation can successfully be done with pretreated marrows containing 5±5% residual CFUc. The wide range of stem cells sensitivity to ASTA Z 7557 justify the predetermination of the optimal dose of drug for incubation prior to marrow collection for each individual patient. Our preliminary clinical experience is exposed.     

Antineoplastic activity of ASTA Z 7557 (INN mafosfamide) in transplanted and autochthonous experimental rodent tumors

Summary The antineoplastic activities of ASTA Z 7557 and cyclophosphamide (CPA) were compared in advanced transplanted AKR lymphoma by determining the optimal dose using single dose and twofold applications. Autochthonous DMBA-induced leukemias and MNU-induced mammary carcinomas were treated with fractionated doses over 3 and 5 weeks, respectively. In the respective optimal dosages ASTA Z 7557 exhibited an antitumor effect comparable to that of CPA in all three models. The results obtained by treatment of the autochthonous models indicate that Z 7557 seems to have advantages over CPA in the treatment of malignancies with impaired bone marrow function as for instance acute leukemias and in fractionated dose schedules.     

Antineoplastic activity of ASTA Z 7557 (NSC-345842, INN mafosfamide) on transplantable murine tumors

Summary The antitumor activity of ASTA Z 7557, a stabilized primary metabolite of cyclophosphamide, was evaluated in comparison with cyclophosphamide (CP) against different rodent tumor systems. At equimolar doses, which corresponded in mg/kg to the optimal doses of each compound, Z 7557 showed a higher therapeutic activity than CP when both drugs were administered intraperitoneally (ip) during 5 consecutive days. The drug remained active against a P388 subline totally resistant to CP, but to a much lesser extent. The ipimplanted B16 melanoma was highly sensitive to 100 and 50 mg/kg administered during 9 consecutive days: an increase in lifespan (ILS) of 244% was produced and 5 mice out of 10 were cured. This treatment administered against Lewis lung carcinoma (LL) transplanted intravenously (iv) induced an ILS of 179% and 3 mice out of 10 survived on day 60. This effect was slightly inferior to that produced by 50 mg/kg of CP, but is balanced by the number of long-term survivors recorded after administration of low doses of Z 7557. When mice bearing the subcutaneously (sc) implanted colon 38 (C38) tumor were treated with 200 mg/kg on days 2 and 9, the tumor growth was inhibited by 83% in comparison to the control mice. The wide range of activity of Z 7557, its stability and its different chemical reactivity as compared to CP appear to justify interest in this activated oxazaphosphorine.