远程医学教育在继续医学教育中的地位和作用

继续医学教育自20世纪80年代初期即被作为一项毕业后教育制度确定下来,它是继高等医学院校基础教育和毕业后规范化专业培训之后,以学习新理论、新知识、新技术、新方法为主的终身性教育制度,它是培训和提高在职医务人员业务技术水平极其重要的手段.随着知识经济时代的到来,知识更新的速度越来越快,继续医学教育就更加受到人们的重视.     

医学常用法定计量单位

继续医学教育是终身教育思想在医学教育中的体现。是指卫技人员在接受了岗位培训教育后,在本专业范围内的知识更新和知识补充,它是卫技人员职业生涯中持续终身的教育。由于知识更新率的不断提高,卫技人员为了保持、发展和加强医学学术水平与实际工作能力,只有不断地进行知识、技能和态度三个方面的继续学习,才能适应现代医学知识迅猛增长的需要。为此,我们将从本期开始,特辟继续医学教育专栏,旨在提高我省广大卫技人员的业务素质。     

医学会开展继续医学教育的实践与体会

本文通过医学会继续医学教育实践情况的介绍，阐述了医学会做好继续医学教育的几点体会。指出要推动继续医学教育健康发展的关键在于适应广大医技人员的需求，提高继续医学教育的质量，勇于开拓创新，充分利用现代信息技术，积极开展内容丰富、形式多样、高质量的继续医学教育项目。     

太原市继续医学教育资源下沉基层医务人员满意度调查研究

<正>继续医学教育是以学习新理论、新知识、新技术、新方法为主的一种医学人员的终身性教育,目的是使卫生技术人员在整个专业生涯中,不断提高专业工作能力和业务水平,以适应医学科学技术和卫生事业发展的需求。从2015年至2018年,太原市采取"省级继续教育项目进基层"方式,每年6～10个项目,每个项目对基层医卫人员进行巡回专业培训     

继续医学教育学分授予试行办法

一 继续医学教育的含义及对象 继续医学教育是继毕业后医学教育之后,以学习新理论、新知识、新技术和新方法为主的一种终生性医学教育。继续医学教育的对象是高等医学院校毕业后,通过规范或非规范的专业培训,或非高等医学院校毕业,具有中级或中级以上专业技术职务的正在从事专业技术工作的卫生技术人员。 二 继续医学教育的项目分为     

远程医学教育在继续医学教育中的作用

<正>随着科技的发展,作为继续医学教育的新形势,远程继续医学教育以其可及性强、覆盖面广、不受时空限制、及时、方便、快捷等特点逐渐成为继续医学教育的重要手段和信息化时代继续医学教育的重要途径。作为一种新型的教育方式,远程医学教育对构建我国学校医学教育—毕业后医学教育—继续医学教育的现代完整医学教育体系,培养医学人才、普及医学知识、提高卫生技术人员队伍整体素质有着重要的作用[1]。现就远程医学教育在继续医学教育中的重要性     

军队继续医学教育应该注意的几个问题

医学教育主要包括三个阶段:学校医学教育、毕业后医学教育和继续医学教育。前二者是基础教育和阶段性教育,而继续医学教育则是以学习新知识、新理论、新技术和新方法为主要内容的一种继续性、终身性的医学教育。《中国人民解放军继续医学教育暂行规定》、《军队继续医学教育学分和管理试行办法》颁布以来,推动了军队继续医学教育工作的发展,对提高各级医务人员的专业素质、提高卫生部门整体保障能力起到了很好的作用。贯彻落实科学发展观和履行新世纪、新阶段我军历史使命,是胡锦涛主席提出的加强军队卫勤保障工作可持续发展的根本保证。但…     

我院临床医技人员继续教育问卷调查结果分析

继续医学教育是面向卫生技术人员的终身教育,它既是医学教育的重要组成部分,同时又是卫生人才资源开发的主要途径和重要手段。医院的生存和发展与继续医学教育紧密相关,继教工作的好坏直接影响医院的竞争力[1]。鉴于对继续医学教育重要性的认识,为了解我院目前继续教育现状和卫生技术人员对学习内容和形式的实际需求,有的放矢地做好继续教育工作,使他们在有限的时间内学到更多更“四新”的知识,以提高我院卫生专业技术人员的整体素质,我们采用问卷形式进行了调查,现将结果报告如下。1对象与方法1.1对象253名被调查人员均为我院临床内、外、…     

规范继续医学教育管理促进医院持续发展

继续医学教育是以学习新理论、新知识、新方法、新技术为主的医学教育,是医学教育连续统一体[1].规范继续医学教育管理,既是医院提高卫生技术人员整体素质,人才培养开发的重要手段,又是提高医疗质量的根本保证,促进医院持续发展重要原因之一.     

基层医院实施继续医学教育模式探讨

继续医学教育是卫生技术人员从业后获取新理论、新知识、新技术和新方法的终身性医学教育,是提高卫生技术人员业务素质,更新知识的途径之一,是培养和造就一大批掌握现代化医学知识的专业技术高素质人才的系统工程。目前,我院是北京市怀柔区规模最大一所二级甲等综合性医院,现有职工848名,其中,卫生技术人员占较大比例。根据2010年北京市卫生局关于建立统一的科教评估指标体系即“北京市科教工作检查指标体系”,以及继续医学教育的“12．5”规划精神。同时结合我院实际科教工作,做出今后的继续医学教育模式。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.