几种增菌液对志贺菌增菌效果的研究

目的：筛选对志贺菌高效果增菌的增菌液。方法：应用6种增菌液对30株志贺氏菌增菌，分离培养并计数。结果：增菌6h以SS、HE增菌液增菌效果最佳，检出率皆为100％；增菌22h以SS、肠道增菌液和亚硒酸盐增菌液增菌效果最好，检出率为60％。结论：若增菌时间为6h，以HE和SS增菌液增菌效果最好；长时间增菌22-24h，以肠道增菌液，亚硒酸盐增菌液效果好。     

面向学习对象的流媒体实验演示技术研究

针对传统实验教学演示中存在的问题,对比现有普通网络视频教学,基于学习内容共享标准,应用SM IL2.1或HTML TIME2.0语法,提出了“面向学习对象的流媒体实验演示”教学模式,并给出了具体实现方法。     

A comparison of two enrichment and two plating media for the isolation of Salmonella sp. from broilers

Twenty duplicate cloacal swabs and the intestines of 98 broilers were cultured using Rappaport-Vassiliadis and tetrathionate as enrichment broths. These were plated to brilliant green and modified dulcitol brilliant green agars at one, two and seven days. Salmonellae were recovered with greater frequency from tetrathionate plated to modified dulcitol brilliant green than the other combinations.     

Evaluation of a preentrance enrichment program for minority students admitted to medical school

The authors report on an enrichment program for minority students and its effect on those students' performance in the first year of medical school. The six-week preentrance enrichment program (PEP) offers a curriculum of basic science courses, study skills training, and a seminar on special topics, typically on sociomedical issues. From 1973 through 1984, 115 students who had been admitted to Boston University School of Medicine participated in the PEP prior to matriculation. The PEP participants had lower scores on the Medical College Admission Test than minority nonparticipants admitted to the medical school. Analysis of the first-year performance of PEP participants, however, indicated that the participants had significantly higher proportions of pass and honors grades than minority nonparticipants in two courses and slightly higher (though not significant) proportions of pass and honors grades in six other courses of the nine courses in the first-year curriculum. In a related study, preliminary analysis showed that participation in the PEP was one of the consistent predictors of overall academic performance during the first year. Questionnaires completed by participants before and after the program and their responses to a survey at the end of their first year of medical school indicated the participants felt they had gained benefits from the program that enhanced their academic adjustment.     

江苏省传染病示范区结核病健康教育干预效果评价

目的评价江苏省传染病综合示范区结核病健康教育干预措施实施效果。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,分别于干预措施实施前后对张家港、丹阳和泰兴三市居民的结核病防治知识知晓情况进行调查。结果基线调查结果显示结核病防治知识,三市张家港、丹阳、泰兴三市分别为62.9%、56.5%和59.2%。三市知晓率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;终点调查结果显示三市结核病防治知识平均知晓率为63.1%,张家港、丹阳、泰兴三市知晓率分别为71.0%、58.1%和60.7%。三市知晓率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。接受过健康教育的居民结核病防治知识知晓率高于未接受健康教育的居民,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论通过健康教育干预江苏省传染病综合示范区居民结核病防治知识知晓水平得到提高,有利于结核病防控工作。     

RAM-HPLC在线富集技术检测脑脊液中利福平的浓度

目的建立大体积直接进样的限进性液相色谱（RAM-HPLC）法,实现脑脊液样品的在线直接进样富集并检测脑脊液中的
利福平。方法以自制限进性填料柱为前处理柱,Luna C18为分析柱,前处理流动相为水―甲醇（95∶5,V/V）,流速为1 mL/min,分
析流动相为甲醇-乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液（60∶5∶35,V/V/V）,柱温为25 ℃,检测波长为254 nm。结果选择100 μL为进样体
积,其峰面积是进样量为20 μL时的5.33倍,有效提高了HPLC的检测灵敏度。利福平在0.25~8 μg/mL的浓度范围内浓度和峰
面积具有良好的线性关系（r=0.9997）,LOD和LOQ分别为0.07 μg/mL和0.25 μg/mL,日内日间精密度均小于5%,低中高3个浓
度下的空白加样回收率为87.69%~102.11%,测定给药（剂量为10 mg/kg）2 h后的人脑脊液中利福平浓度为0.29 μg/mL。结论
该方法简单快速,适用于脑脊液中利福平的富集检测,满足临床个体化用药指导。
     

基于RAM-HPLC在线富集技术检测大鼠血浆及尿液中的呋塞米

目的通过柱切换技术建立限进性填料柱-高效液相色谱法,实现在线直接进样并检测大鼠血浆及尿液中的呋塞米。方法
以自制限进填料柱为预处理柱,Luna C18柱为分析柱,预处理流动相为水-甲醇（95∶5,V/V）,含体积百分数为0.1%的甲酸,流速
为1 ml/min;分析流动相为血浆：甲醇- 水（65∶35,V/V）,尿液：甲醇-水（55∶45,V/V）,均含体积百分数为0.1%的甲酸,流速均为
1 ml/min,柱温为25 ℃;检测波长为274 nm。结果呋塞米血浆样品在进样100 μl时,富集效果良好,在0.1~3.2 μg/ml的浓度范
围内具有良好的线性关系（r=0.9995）,尿液进样20 μl,呋塞米浓度在0.5~32 μg/ml范围内具有良好的线性关系（r=0.9991）,血样
及尿样的三个加标水平下的平均回收率分别为101.82%~113.36%,98.75%~112.27%,日内日间精密度均小于5%。结论药代
动力学参数AUC0→24为6.265 μg/（ml·h）,t1/2为2.447 h,Cmax为1.414 μg/ml;24 h内呋塞米的累积排泄率为32.50%~39.08%。本
方法简单快速,适用于血浆及尿液中呋塞米的直接进样检测。
     

Evaluation of culture media and antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori.

Isolation of Helicobacter pylori on artificial culture is hampered by the lack of reliable and cheap media. In this study, three different types of culture media were evaluated for isolation of H. pylori from clinical specimens. These media included: Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM), Skirrow's campylobacter agar and chocolate agar. Modified Thayer-Martin agar was superior in isolation to others with an isolation rate of 47% (31/66). The size of colonies on this media were larger and clearly defined. Growth was detectable after 4 days of incubation, with a maximum growth after 7 days. Thirty one strains of H. pylori isolated from cases were tested against ten antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, colistin, kanamycin, sulpharazole and metronidazole) in Mueller-Hinton agar, to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). H. pylori was very susceptible to most drugs but resistant to nalidixic acid.     

Evaluation of efficacy of nizer versus nimesulide tablets in otitis media

An evaluation of clinical efficacy of nizer versus nimesulide tablets was undertaken in 118 patients suffering from otitis media. Nizer demonstrated rapid and powerful analgesic and antipyretic effects compared to plain nimesulide, without additional side effects.     

Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of Qingqiao Capsule in treating patients with secretory otitis media

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Qingqiao Capsule (QQC) in treating patients with secretory otitis media (SOM).Methods: A total of 90 patients were randomly assigned into the treated group (n = 45) and the control group (n = 45). Patients in the treated group were administrated with QQC, 5 capsules each time, 3 times a day for totally 10–14 days, and those in the control group were given per os cefaclor capsules 0.5g each time for adult, 3 times a day, or 20mg/(kg.d) for children, for 10–14 days. The therapeutic efficacy of treatment on the patients was observed and compared after treatment and followed up for 3–6 months.Results: (1) The clinical efficacy in the treated group was superior to that in the control group with significant statistical difference (P< 0.01); (2) Comparison of the efficacies in patients of three different TCM syndrome types (the external pathogenic wind invasion caused auditory orifice stuffiness type, the Gan-Dan damp-heat steaming up auditory orifice type and the Pi-deficiency dysfunction induced dirty dampness blocking ear type) showed no statistically significant difference(P> 0. 05); (3) The vanishing rate and time needed of the main symptoms and signs in the treated group were superior to those in the control group on ear muffle, tinnitus, hearing impairment, hydrotypanum, pure tone threshold and abnormal tongue figure, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01), only those of earache, otopiesis and abnornal pulse figure were insignificantly different between the two groups (P> 0.05).Conclusion: QQC is an effective Chinese composite medicine on patients with SOM, and shows no obvious adverse reaction.     

虚拟耳镜对胆脂瘤型中耳炎听骨链病变诊断价值

[摘要] 目的 通过虚拟耳镜对听骨链的观察,探讨其对胆脂瘤型中耳炎听骨链病变的诊断价值。 方法 对56例(59耳)患者进行高分辩率CT扫描,获取原始图像数据,经软件三维重建后,以虚拟耳镜方式观察听骨链病变情况,以手术探查结果作为金标准,并与其进行比较。 结果 虚拟耳镜对59耳胆脂瘤型中耳炎听骨链病变诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为91.49%、66.67%、86.44% 。 结论 虚拟耳镜能清晰地显示正常听骨链及其空间结构, 是一种全新的多角度立体地观察听骨链结构的非侵入性影像手段,可以提高术前对胆脂瘤型中耳炎听骨链病变的诊断率,有助于手术方式的制定。 [关键词] 　中耳炎 胆脂瘤 听骨链 虚拟耳镜     

白三烯B4受体在急性髓系白血病中的预后价值和功能富集分析

目的 运用生物信息学分析白三烯B4受体（LTB4R）在急性髓系白血病（AML）患者中的表达模式、预后价值和潜在生物学功能。方法 从癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库和美国国立生物技术信息中心（NCBI）公共基因芯片数据平台（GEO）下载mRNA基因芯片数据集和临床基线资料数据集,利用R studio进行表达分析、生存分析、Cox风险回归分析、相关性分析研究LTB4R的表达模式和预后价值。利用UALCAN 平台研究 LTB4R表达水平与临床特征的关联。利用linkedomics平台筛选出LTB4R共表达基因进行GO和KEGG信号通路富集分析。应用STRING平台构建蛋白质相互作用网络。基于LTB4R表达水平将LAML数据集分组并筛选差异表达基因,继而进行GSEA分析。收集临床30例AML患者及21例健康对照者外周静脉抗凝血2 mL,分离单个核细胞,采用qRT-PCR对LTB4R和免疫检查点基因表达水平、相关性进行验证;分离外周血500 μL血清,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测LTB4R蛋白表达水平。结果 LTB4R表达水平在AML患者骨髓样本中显著增强（4.898±1.220 vs 2.252±0.215,P<0.001）,与不良预后相关[P=0.004,风险指数（HR）=1.74],并可做为AML预后的独立风险因素（P=0.019,HR=1.66）。同时LTB4R与FAB分型、细胞遗传学风险、染色体异常、NPM1突变相关。 LTB4R 的共表达基因富集到多个肿瘤发生相关的信号途径,例如粒细胞炎症、淋巴细胞激活、免疫反应信号传导、能量代谢等。GSEA分析显示差异基因富集于免疫细胞分化、活化、细胞因子信号途径等。临床实验证实AML患者样本中LTB4RmRNA（P=0.044）及蛋白表达水平增高（P=0.008）,并且mRNA表达水平与HAVCR2呈正相关（r=0.466,P=0.040）。结论 LTB4R 可做为AML的新型标志物和独立预后指标,潜在功能富集于肿瘤免疫、代谢相关信号通路,可为AML 疾病进程相关信号通路和分子网络研究提供线索。     

粉尘螨第五组主要变应原(Der f5)的克隆表达、纯化及免疫原性鉴定

目的 克隆表达粉尘螨第五组变应原(Dermatophagoides farinae,Der f5)基因,并鉴定纯化蛋白免疫原性.方法 提取活粉尘螨总RNA,扩增Der f5片段.PCR产物与克隆载体pMD18-T连接,转化入大肠埃希菌JM109,经酶切及测序鉴定获得pMD18-Der f5阳性菌株,再提取质粒进行双酶切,与表达载体pET-30a(+)连接,转化人大肠埃希菌BL21,异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达.SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)鉴定其表达效果.Ni-IDA亲和层析柱纯化蛋白,利用尘螨病人血清鉴定其免疫原性.结果 构建了重组质粒pMD18-Der f5和pET30a-Der f5,SDS-PAGE结果表明Der f5基因在BL21中获得良好的可溶性表达,蛋白质分子量与理论值相符.纯化的蛋白与病人血清有良好的IgE结合活性.结论 获得广州地区Der f5的原核表达载体,高效表达纯化重组蛋白.初步鉴定了该蛋白的免疫原性.     

Ultrasonographic demonstration of duplication cyst of the ileum

The enteric duplication cyst is a term applied to an anomaly of the gut which presents as a cystic structure with a mucosal lining predominantly similar to that of the adjacent alimentary tract. It may be either due to an embryologic error in normal canalization or errors in the embryologic connection between the developing gut and neural tube, as a part of the split notochord syndrome. The preoperative diagnosis of a duplication cyst is difficult to make on the basis of conventional radiologic study including barium swallowing gastrointestinal series. With the wide application of ultrasound in the detection and evaluation of pediatric abdominal masses, an intra-abdominal cystic lesion may be encountered and the differential diagnoses may be difficult or impossible. We hereby report a case of duplication cyst of the ileum in which we believe its sonographic appearance is of certain value or even diagnostic in this pathology.     

镁制剂在泌尿系梗阻术后恢复胃肠道功能的价值

目的 :寻找泌尿系梗阻所致肾功能不全患者术后促进胃肠道功能尽早恢复的方法。方法 :患者被随机分两组。A组(30例 ) :术后第 1天起每天应用门冬氨酸钾镁 (PMA) 3.0～ 6 .0g ;B组 (30例 ) :术后第 1天起每天应用氯化钾 3.0 g。用药至胃肠功能恢复正常停药。对B组治疗 1周后胃肠功能不能恢复者 ,改用PMA治疗。结果 :A组患者术后胃肠功能恢复时间明显早于B组 (P <0 .0 1) ,B组失败者 ,改用PMA后 ,胃肠功能均很快恢复。两组肾功能恢复时间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :泌尿系梗阻致肾功能不全的手术患者 ,术后早期应用PMA ,可明显加快胃肠道功能的恢复 ,预防低镁血症的发生 ,是补镁的一种简便、安全、有效的方法。     

4种小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌培养方法的研究与评价

目的 建立一种高效的临床培养方法检测腹泻病人粪便中的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌.方法 用改良培养方法和3种传统培养方法同时检测200份腹泻病人粪便,以比较其检出率.结果 改良培养方法(YSE-CIN))从 200份腹泻粪便中检测到18份含有小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的样本,而另外3种方法(PBSS-SS法、PAE-NYE法、PAE-DYS法)的阳性例数分别为3、5、8.经McNemer检验,改良方法与其他3种方法的检出率具有显著性差异.结论 改良方法比其他3种方法的检出率更高,可应用于临床.     

Exploitation and enrichment: the paradox of medical experimentation

Modern medicine is built on a long history of medical experimentation. Experiments in the past often exploited more vulnerable patients. Questionable ethics litter the history of medicine. Without such experiments, however, millions of lives would be forfeited. This paper asks whether all the "unethical" experiments of the past were unjustifiable, and do we still exploit the poorer members of the community today? It concludes by wondering if Harris is right in his advocacy of a moral duty to participate in medical research.     

HPLC法测定栀蒡热毒平方有效部位中4种成分含量

目的 建立栀蒡热毒平方有效部位中4种成分栀子苷、京尼平-1-β-D-龙胆双糖苷、牛蒡子苷和黄芩苷的含量测定方法.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Diamonsil C_(18)柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.2%磷酸水梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长238 nm和278 nm.结果 栀子苷平均回收率99.02%,RSD1.99%(n=6);京尼平-1-β-D-龙胆双糖苷平均回收率99.03%,RSD2.83%(n=6);牛蒡子苷平均回收率101.12%,RSD2.86%(n=6);黄芩苷平均回收率100.05%,RSD2.02%(n=6).结论 3批样品测定结果表明,该方法简便、准确,可用于栀蒡热毒平有效部位中栀子苷等4种成分的含量测定.     

TOLL样受体4对肺炎衣原体感染小鼠肺组织炎性递质的影响

目的:通过应用肺炎衣原体(Cpn)分别感染Toll样受体4(TLR4)基因突变型(C3H/HeJ品系,TLR4-/-)小鼠和野生型(C3H/HeN品系,TLR4+/+)小鼠,探讨TLR4在Cpn感染后炎性反应中的作用. 方法:TLR4突变型和野生型小鼠各60只分为4组(突变型对照组、突变型感染组、野生型对照组和野生型感染组),每组30只,随机分为5个时间点(即第1d、第4d、第7d、第14d和第21d).两感染组经鼻腔接种Cpn,两对照组则经鼻腔吸入二磷酸蔗糖(2SP)缓冲液,在上述预定时间点处死动物,采用ELISA检测肺组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素(IL)-10的含量,并行病理观察,测定肺湿质量/干质量比值(W/D). 结果:小鼠接种Cpn后,肺组织病理早期以中性粒细胞浸润、后期则以淋巴细胞浸润为主,且有肺泡间隔增宽、肺泡水肿和出血等炎性改变,炎症第21d趋于吸收.突变型感染组TNF-α的含量自第1d开始升高,第4d达峰值,随后呈下降趋势,至第21d仍高于正常,第7d、14d和21d含量分别为(1.10±0.12)、(0.72±0.12)和(0.52±0.10)pg/mg,低于野生型感染组的(1.30±0.16)、(1.01±0.19)和(0.71±0.08)pg/mg.突变型感染组IL-10的含量第4d开始升高,第7d达峰值,随后呈下降趋势,至第21d仍高于正常.第14d和第21d的含量分别为(1.08±0.08)和(0.64±0.10)pg/mg,低于野生型感染组的(1.34±0.10)和(0.79±0.05)pg/mg.突变型感染组的W/D值(3.00±0.28)在第21d高于野生型感染组(2.72±0.16). 结论: TLR4在感染后期至少部分参与Cpn感染小鼠的肺组织炎性递质生成.     

荧光纳米颗粒NaYF4:Yb,Er作为显像介质的生物相容性

目的 检测上转频荧光纳米颗粒的生物学体内、外相容性,证实其作为显像介质的生物安全性。方法 将培育后的小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）、胚胎成纤维细胞（NIH/3T3）及成肌细胞（C2C12）分别与不同浓度（0、10、50、100、200 μg/mL）的NaYF4:Yb,Er共孵育,采用MTT法检测细胞的增殖活性,并测定C2C12成肌细胞形成肌管细胞的功能。将NaYF4:Yb,Er纳米颗粒DMEM混悬液注射入C57BL/6小鼠,行小鼠肝肾功能测定;并对重要脏器行HE组织学染色,检测小鼠的体内毒性。结果 MTT法细胞毒性检测显示,NaYF4:Yb,Er纳米颗粒对NIH/3T3和C2C12的毒性呈剂量与孵育时间正相关性（NIH/3T3：r=0.974,P<0.05;C2C12：r=0.996,P<0.05）;而对BMSC的毒性并没有表现出剂量与孵育时间具有相关性（r=-0.218,P>0.05）。NaYF4:Yb,Er纳米颗粒孵育48 h后,对C2C12成肌细胞形成肌管细胞功能未见明显影响。小鼠被注射NaYF4:Yb,Er纳米颗粒DMEM混悬液2、4周后,肝肾功能及重要脏器均未见明显损伤。结论 NaYF4:Yb,Er纳米颗粒作为具有强荧光强度的显影介质,在体内、外显影需求浓度下对细胞毒性及全身各重要器官的损伤均在安全范围内,是一种优秀的生物成像显影介质。