DCE-MRI在高级别脑胶质瘤与脑转移瘤中的鉴别诊断

目的 探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)在鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤与脑转移瘤中的价值.方法 收集青岛大学附属医院经手术病理证实的高级别脑胶质瘤27例、脑转移瘤46例,所有患者术前均行颅脑增强MRI和DCE-MRI检查.利用血流动力学双室模型对各组数据进行定量分析,获取肿瘤实性成分及瘤周水肿区(瘤周1 cm内)的血流动力学参数[转运系数(Ktrans)、血管外细胞外间隙容积分数(Ve)、血管空间容积分数(Vp)],经统计学分析,比较各参数是否存在统计学差异.结果 高级别脑胶质瘤肿瘤实性成分与脑转移瘤肿瘤实性成分的Ktrans值、Ve值、Vp值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).高级别脑胶质瘤瘤周水肿区Ktrans值、Ve值明显高于脑转移瘤瘤周水肿区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),高级别脑胶质瘤瘤周水肿区Vp值略低于脑转移瘤水肿区,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 DCE-MRI通过定量分析瘤周水肿区渗透参数,可以鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤与脑转移瘤.     

脑胶质瘤体素内不相干运动弥散加权成像与T1动态对比增强磁共振成像相关性研究

目的:研究磁共振22 b值e DWI(b值范围0~5 000 s/mm2)体素内不相干运动(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)成像与T1动态对比增强磁共振成像(dynamic contrast enhanced MRI,DCE-MRI)评价脑胶质瘤微循环灌注的相关性。方法:92例手术病理证实的成人胶质瘤患者术前进行MRI、e DWI和T1 DCE-MRI。所有胶质瘤分为低级别组(low-grade glioma,LGG)(Ⅱ级)、高级别组(high-grade gliomas,HGG)(Ⅲ+Ⅳ级);胶质母细胞瘤组(glioblastoma multiforme,GBM)(Ⅳ级)、其他级别组(other-grade gliomas,OGG)(Ⅱ+Ⅲ级)。工作站进行e DWI和DCE-MRI后处理,抽取IVIM双指数模型灌注相关的Dfast和PF两个参数,以及DCE-MRI拟合的血管与血管外细胞外间隙(extravascular extracellular space,EES)转运常数(volume transfer constant,Ktrans)、容积分数(extravascular extracellular space volume fraction,Ve)、EES反向容积转运常数(Kep)和血浆容积分数(fraction of plasma volume,Vp)4个参数,选取肿瘤最大层面实性区域勾画感兴趣区,测定以上参数的平均值。Dfast、PF分别与Ktrans、Ve、Vp和Kep进行Spearman相关性分析,并比较LGG与HGG、GBM与OGG组之间的差异。受试者工作操作特性(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析不同参数对胶质瘤分级的能力。结果:Dfast与Ve、Vp呈中等相关(ρ=0.460和0.412,P<0.01),与Ktrans相关性稍弱(ρ=0.396,P<0.01),与Kep没有相关性;PF与Vp、Ktrans和Ve呈弱负相关(ρ=-0.345、-0.323和-0.249,P均<0.05),与Kep不相关。除Kep外,其余参数在LGG与HGG、GBM与OGG之间均有显著性差异(P均<0.01)。ROC曲线分析各参数鉴别HGG与LGG的能力(AUC,95%CI):Ktrans的AUC值最高,为0.808(0.717,0.899)。ROC曲线分析各参数鉴别GBM与OGG的能力(AUC,95%CI):Dfast最高,为0.802(0.703,0.902)。结论:胶质瘤IVIM灌注相关参数与DCE-MRI密切相关,Dfast是无需外源性造影剂示踪的活体评价脑胶质瘤灌注的潜在标记物。     

3.0 T多体素1H-MRS在脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的应用分析

目的 探索3.0 T多体素氢质子磁共振波谱成像（¹H-MRS）在脑胶质瘤、单发脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 脑胶质瘤20例、单发脑转移瘤11例纳入研究,均术前行¹H-MRS检查。分析脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤瘤体区、瘤周水肿区的胆碱（Cho）/N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、Cho/肌酸（Cr）、NAA/Cr值的统计学差异,并用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析各指标鉴别脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤的效能。结果 脑胶质瘤组与单发脑转移瘤组间瘤体区Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr及瘤周水肿区Cho/NAA、NAA/Cr值差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;瘤体区NAA/Cr的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）最大（AUC=0.74）,当瘤体区NAA/Cr为1.17时,鉴别脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤的敏感度为55.30%,特异度为82.40%。结论 常规MRI结合¹H-MRS能提高脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤鉴别诊断的准确性,且瘤体区NAA/Cr值鉴别效能最优。     

动态增强磁共振评估胶质瘤分级及ANXA1表达的应用研究

目的 探讨DCE-MRI灌注参数在评估胶质瘤术前分级和肿瘤内ANXA1表达中的价值,为术前提供更精确的诊断信息。方法 选取本院50例经病理证实的胶质瘤患者。术前均行DCE-MRI检查,用Tissue-4D后处理得到相应参数值。用免疫组化检测胶质瘤组织中ANXA1的表达。两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,Spearman相关性分析ANXA1表达与各参数的相关性,进行受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各参数的曲线下面积(AUC)。结果 DCE-MRI灌注参数在不同级别胶质瘤间差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。高级别胶质瘤(HGG)的Ktrans、Ve值及ANXA1表达高于低级别胶质瘤(LGG),HGG的Kep低于LGG(P <0.05)。Ktrans值的AUC为0.778(HGG vs LGG),诊断效能最高。在HGG中Ktrans值与ANXA1表达的相关性最强(r=0.46,P <0.05)。结论 DCE灌注参数Ktrans值及Ve值对胶质瘤分级有较好的诊断效能,且Ktrans值与肿瘤组织中ANXA1的表达正相关。     

3.0T动态对比增强MRI对前列腺癌与前列腺增生的鉴别价值

目的 探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)半定量及定量参数对前列腺癌(PCa)与前列腺增生(BPH)的鉴别价值.方法 本研究经医院伦理委员会批准,回顾性分析于本院行DCE-MRI扫描,并经病理证实的PCa患者24例(69.79岁±8.21岁)、BPH患者22例(69.77岁±10.36岁).扫描序列包括横轴位T1WI、T2WI及DCE-MRI.测量PCa及BPH病变半定量值:MxSlp、washout、AUC90、AUC180;定量值:转运常数(Ktrans)、速率常数(Kep)及血管外细胞外容积比(Ve)值.使用独立样本f检验比较以上各值,使用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估各值对PCa和BPH的鉴别效能.结果 PCa与BPH的MxSlp、washout、AUC90、AUC180值间差异均无统计学意义(29.76±83.58 vs 8.65±4.51、1.29±3.36 vs 0.14±0.37、14.96±5.76 vs 12.76±4.21、28.80±14.08 vs 26.13±8.40),P值分别为0.243、0.117、0.150、0.443.PCa的Ktrans及Kep值均高于BPH[(0.36±0.11) min-1vs(0.24±0.11)min-1、(1.93±0.89) min-1vs (1.20±0.57) min-1)],P值分别为0.001、0.002.PCa与BPH的Ve值间差异无统计学意义(0.23±0.11 vs 0.25士0.18),P值为0.604.Ktrans及Kep值诊断PCa的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.813、0.737,当Ktrans值≥0.273 min-1,Kep值≥1.595 min-1时诊断PCa的灵敏度和特异度分别为79.2％和82.7％、62.5％和86.4％.结论 DCE-MRI可为PCa与BPH鉴别提供较可靠的定量值.     

DCE-MRI对前列腺平台型强化灶的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨DCE-MRI定量和半定量参数对时间-信号强度曲线表现为平台型前列腺癌灶和前列腺增生的鉴别诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析48例时间-信号强度曲线呈平台型的前列腺疾病患者(前列腺癌26例,前列腺增生22例)DCE-MRI定量和半定量参数,包括容积转移常数(Ktrans)、转移速率常数(Kep)、血管外细胞外间隙容积分数(Ve),血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)、达峰时间(TTP).并运用SPSS进行统计学分析.结果 在DCE-MRI时间-信号强度曲线为平台型的前列腺癌灶组和前列腺增生组Ktrans、Kep、BF值分别为(2.33 ±0.93) min-1和(1.21±0.71)min-1、(3.46±1.41)min-1和(1.81 ±0.85) min-1、(182.63±74.79)ml· g-1·min-1和(140.88±50.73)ml·g-1·min-1,组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 Ktrans、Kep、BF值在前列腺癌灶组和前列腺增生组间差异存在统计学意义,DCE-MRI定量和半定量参数对平台型时间-信号强度曲线的前列腺癌灶和前列腺增生间的鉴别具有一定的价值.     

动态对比增强MRI功能成像参数对肝细胞肝癌和肝转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨动态对比增强MRI (DCE-MRI)功能成像参数对肝细胞肝癌(HCC)和肝转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析HCC和肝转移瘤46例患者资料,其中HCC患者28例,肝转移瘤18例.患者术前均行腹部DCE-MRI检查.运用肝脏双血供Extended Tofts双室模型拟合计算肝脏微血管渗透性参数[微血管转运常数(Ktrans)、反流速率常数(Kep)、血管外细胞外容积分数(Ve)、血浆容积分数(Vp)]和灌注参数[肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)].对28例HCC、18例肝转移瘤的病灶实性部分的DCE-MRI参数进行分析.采用t检验比较HCC和肝转移瘤间不同参数值间的差异.筛选出HCC和肝转移瘤间有统计学意义的参数,建立Logistic回归模型并构建新的参数,绘制单项参数及新构参数的ROC曲线,评价DCE-MRI成像参数鉴别HCC和肝转移瘤的诊断效能.结果 比较病灶实质部分的参数,HCC和肝转移瘤病灶间的Ktrans、Vp、HPI值差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Kep、Ve值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),建立Logistic回归模型,Vp未进入模型,绘制Ktrans、Vp、HPI、Ktrans一HPI鉴别HCC和肝转移瘤的ROC曲线,预测概率新变量Ktrans-HPI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.899,大于Ktrans、Vp、HPI的AUC(0.861、0.824、0.803).结论 DCE-MRI功能成像参数值的测定对于HCC与肝转移瘤的鉴别诊断具有重要的临床意义,联合参数应用能提高诊断准确性.     

DCE-MRI评估脑胶质瘤微血管通透性

目的:通过动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)获得脑胶质瘤的容积转运参数(Ktrans)与血管外细胞外间隙容积比(Ve),探讨它们定量评估脑胶质瘤微血管通透性的价值。方法:研究对象包括71例脑胶质瘤患者,其中Ⅱ级31例,Ⅲ级8例,Ⅳ级32例。每名患者经过DCE-MRI成像获得胶质瘤的Ktrans与Ve的最大值。应用Mann-Whitney U检验比较不同级别胶质瘤Ktrans值与Ve值的差异,应用Spearman相关系数分析Ktrans值、Ve值与胶质瘤分级的相关性,应用ROC曲线分析Ktrans值、Ve值鉴别不同级别胶质瘤的最佳切峰值及敏感性与特异性。结果:除了Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级胶质瘤Ktrans值与Ve值差异无统计学意义之外,其余各级别胶质瘤Ktrans值与Ve值的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Ktrans值、Ve值均与胶质瘤分级正相关(P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,Ktrans与Ve的最佳切峰值为鉴别Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级与Ⅳ级、低级别胶质瘤(LGG)与高级别胶质瘤(HGG)提供了较高的敏感性与特异性。结论:应用DCE-MRI可以为评估脑胶质瘤微血管的通透性提供重要参考价值。     

弥散峰度成像对高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤的鉴别价值研究

目的 探讨弥散峰度成像(DKI)对鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤的临床应用价值.方法 搜集经病理或临床证实的33例脑肿瘤患者纳入研究,其中高级别胶质瘤18例,单发脑转移瘤15例,分别行常规磁共振平扫、DKI及常规增强扫描.经后处理分别得到DKI相关参量图,分别测量在肿瘤实性部分、瘤周水肿区域的各参数值.采用两样本t检验,分析高级别脑胶质瘤与单发脑转移瘤实质部分和瘤周水肿区域的各相对参数值平均弥散峰度(MK)、部分各向异性(FA)、平均扩散系数(MD),分析差异有无统计学意义.结果 在肿瘤实质部分,高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤MK、FA、MD各相对参数值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.529、0.645、0.84).在瘤周水肿区域,高级别胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤MK、FA、MD各相对参数值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值分别为0.002、0.003、0.04).结论 (1)DKI各相对参数MK、FA、MD在肿瘤实质部分对鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤没有明显价值.(2) DKI各相对参数MK、FA、MD在瘤周水肿区域对高级别脑胶质瘤和单发脑转移瘤有鉴别诊断价值.     

动态增强MRI定量评估喉及下咽鳞癌同步放化疗近期疗效研究

目的:探讨MRI动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)对喉及下咽鳞癌同步放化疗近期疗效的预测价值.方法:2014年12月-2015年12月经本院喉镜活检病理证实并行同步放化疗的喉(10例)及下咽(26例)鳞癌患者共36例,于治疗前行DCE-MRI检查,并在放疗剂量累积达50Gy时行治疗中MRI复查.根据治疗结束后肿瘤缓解情况,将患者分为完全缓解组(CR)及部分缓解组(PR).测量DCE-MRI定量参数值,包括容积转移常数(Ktrans)、速率常数(Kep)和血管外细胞外容积分数(Ve),分别比较三者在CR组与PR组间的差异,并绘制ROC曲线评估各定量参数预测喉及下咽鳞癌同步放化疗近期疗效的效能.结果:36例患者在同步放化疗后达CR20例,PR16例.喉癌和下咽癌两组间治疗前DCE-MRI各定量参数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CR组治疗前Ktrans、Kep和Ve值分别为(0.307±0.055)min-、(0.527±0.114)min-1和0.587±0.045,PR组的相应值分别为(0.234±0.049) min-1/min、(0.390±0.090) min-1和0.602±0.037.两组比较,Ktrans和Kep的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Ve的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).ROC曲线分析,以Ktrans=0.283min-1为阈值,预测同步放化疗后达CR的曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度及特异度分别为0.839、70.0％和81.2％;以Kep=0.446min-1为阈值,预测同步放化疗后达CR的AUC、敏感度及特异度分别为0.809、75.0％和75.0％.结论:DCE-MRI定量参数有助于预测喉及下咽鳞癌同步放化疗的近期疗效.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）