8000例尿路结石ESWL的体位

报告了Ｘ线定位ＥＳＷＬ治疗８０００例各类尿路结石的体位情况。认为碎石体位由结石部位和体型等确定，并将其归纳为常规和特殊两大类。其中常规类７８５５例，占总数的９８．２％，特殊类１４５例，占总数的１．８％，它包括取仰臣患侧大后斜位或侧卧位的上尿路结石３０例，取仰卧患侧后斜位加前弓位的输尿管结石６２例，取俯卧头低脚高位的膀胱结石５３例。     

ESWL治疗尿路结石2011例报告

报道应用国产碎石机治疗尿路结石２０１１例的疗效，３个月内结石皋 空率９０．３％，肾结石９１．８％，输尿管结石８８．１％，下尿路结石９８．５％。并对其适应征、合理应用和并发症进行讨论。     

体外震波治疗47例尿路结石的疗效观察

本文应用法国产ＬＴ０２型体外震波碎石机治疗了４７例尿路结石患者，碎石１２９人次。碎石成功率为９５．７％，结石完全排出者４４例，３个月碎石排净率为９３．６％。复杂尿路结石，主要指鹿角结石与多发巨形结石７例，完全排石者４例（５７．１％）．２例完全未排石，１例合并严重泌尿系感染同时患缺血性心脏病，另１例经手术取石治愈；１例部分排石。     

猪苓汤加味治疗泌尿系结石35例临床观察

采用猪苓汤加味治疗泌尿系结石３５例，经２疗程治疗，结果痊愈３１例，占８８．５７％；好转３例，占８．５７％；无效１例，占２．８６％，总有效率为９７．１％。     

8000例尿路结石体外冲击波碎石术的体位

报告了X线定位ESWL治疗8000例各类尿路结石的体位情况。认为碎石体位由结石部位和体型等确定，并将其归纳为常规和特殊两大类，其中常现类7855例，占总数的98．2％；特殊类145例，占总数的1．8％，它包括取仰卧患侧大后斜位或侧卧位的上尿路结石（肥胖体型）30例，取仰卧患侧后斜位加前弓位的输尿管结石（近L5横突）62例，取俯卧头低脚高位的膀胱结石（近耻骨）53例。上述特殊体位是作者对某些常规体位所作的改进，它解决了疑难病例的定位问题。     

前列腺结石1例

前列腺结石１例郭雪涛（包头市蒙中医院泌尿外科，包头０１４０１０）前列腺结石较为罕见。我院于１９９０年－１９９５年间，共收治１０３例尿路结石，其中前列腺结石仅见１例，占０．９％。１临床资料患者男性，７２岁。因急性尿潴留１天，于１９９４年１１月２８日入院...     

176例尿路结石成分分析

目的分析尿石症患者结石成分,为尿石症临床防治提供理论依据。方法对176例尿路结石标本进行红外光谱测定,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果尿石症发病率男性高于女性,比例为1．98：1。30~50岁和50~70岁为结石高发年龄,分别占62．60％和30．20％。草酸钙结石检出率最高,其中一水草酸钙（W1）达到89．2％,其次为碳酸磷灰石,占63．6％。混合性结石高于单一成分结石,占73．9％,混合性结石组成多以草酸钙、碳酸磷灰石为主。上尿路结石发病率明显高于下尿路,占84．1％。结论尿路结石成分分析对建立广州地区结石防治体系具有重要意义。     

上尿路肉芽包绕结石的诊治

上尿路肉芽包绕结石的诊治乔培诰王保山（即墨市人民医院，２６６２００）关键词上尿路结石；肉芽包绕结石；诊断；治疗我院１９９１～１９９６年诊治上尿路结石１０例，手术发现为肉芽组织包绕结石，现报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料男７例，女３例；年龄２７～５５...     

住院精神分裂症患者自杀危险因素调查

对全国９省市９所医院１０年间住院精神分裂症自杀死亡资料分析，自杀率占住院病人总数的０．６３％，占精神分裂症总数的０．７８％，占慢性精神分裂症的０，５０％。偏执型占６５．６·％。自杀原因受幻觉妄想支配２３．８％，悲观厌世２８．６％；精神症状好转（５９．５％）和自知力恢复期（４７．６％）易自杀。自杀方式自缢（５７．１％）和服药（２３．８％）居首。男性自杀多于女性。     

内因性前色素膜炎97例临床分析

内因性前色素膜炎发病率及复发率均很高，是致盲因素之一。发病有很强的规律性和季节性，高峰期为冷天，在此期间发病８９例，占发病总数的９１．８％；总的治愈率为９９．８％，其中肉芽肿性治愈率２６．８％，非肉芽肿性治愈率７３．１％；复发率为２５．５％。同时对其发病原因及特点、病程转归、分类等进行阐述，指出及时准确地治疗、可缩短病程，减少并发症及后遗症，对提高治愈率极为重要。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.