自体与新鲜同种异体骨软骨移植的实验研究

目的:评价自体与新鲜异体骨软骨镶嵌移植两种方法修复全层关节软骨缺损的生物学特性和修复效果。方法:采用完全随机设计,将16只新西兰大白兔的左右后肢制成全层软骨缺损模型,分别进行自体骨软骨镶嵌移植、同种异体骨软骨镶嵌移植修复。术后第12周处死动物取材,分别进行膝关节活动度测定、大体观察、光镜观察及Wakitani组织学评分法,数据行统计学分析。结果:膝关节伸屈活动度、大体观察、组织学光镜及组织修复评分显示自体骨软骨移植在第12周时能以类透明软骨组织修复缺损,而新鲜同种异体骨软骨移植为纤维肉芽组织。结论:自体骨软骨镶嵌移植可以修复兔关节软骨的缺损。新鲜无处理的同种异体骨软骨镶嵌移植修复关节软骨缺损不可行,其排斥反应及吸收破坏严重。     

微骨折技术修复羊膝关节软骨缺损组织学观察

目的 观察动物模型中微骨折技术对软骨缺损的组织学修复.方法 以12个月龄青山羊为实验动物,选取膝关节股骨内侧髁为软骨缺损处,制备6 mm缺损模型.实验设定空白对照组及微骨折组,分别于12、16周取标本进行Safrin-O染色及改良Wakitani评分,比较组间差异.结果 组织学观察可见空白对照组缺损处无明显软骨修复,微骨折组缺损处组织填充.改良Wakitani评分提示两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),微骨折组优于空白对照组.结论 微骨折技术是一种简单、有效的治疗关节软骨缺损的方式,修复组织为混合性软骨.     

自体骨—骨膜转移修复关节软骨缺损的实验研究

目的：通过自体骨－骨膜移植修复兔关节软骨缺损，探讨骨膜间充质细胞对关节透明软骨组织全层缺损修复的作用与机制。方法：以成年兔胫骨内上侧的骨－骨膜组织作为供体，镶嵌式植入兔自体髌股关节之股骨滑车关节软骨等大、相同形状的全层缺损区，术后4－24周分别对缺损修复情况进行大体、组织学及电镜观察。结果：自体骨－骨膜移植组织与缺损周围组织完全愈合，组织学及电镜观察显示修复组织为透明软骨组织。结论：自体骨－骨膜组织移植修补关节软骨缺损可以诱导关节软骨缺损以透明软骨方式进行修复，这为临床应用自体骨－骨膜组织移植修复关节软骨缺损提供了理论依据。     

异种骨软骨移植免疫反应及愈合特点的实验研究

目的了解异种骨软骨移植免疫反应及愈合的特点。方法取成年新西兰白兔36只作为实验动物以及自体骨软骨移植和同种异体骨软骨移植的供体,健康家猪1只作为异种骨软骨移植的供体。将实验动物随机分为A、B、C三组,每组12只,分别为自体组、同种异体组和异种组,在实验动物右股骨滑车部制造骨软骨缺损模型,分别进行柱状自体、同种异体和异种骨软骨移植。分别于术后2周、4周、12周取外周血进行IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ检测。分别于术后4周及12周随机处死每组中的6只实验动物,取其股骨远端骨软骨、滑膜组织以及关节液标本,进行大体观察、组织学检查和IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ检测。结果 Moran大体观察评分结果显示,C组在4周时评分低于A组及B组;在术后12周时低于A组,但与B组的评分差异无显著性。血清及关节液中细胞因子检测结果显示,术后2周时,C组血清的IFN-γ浓度低于A组及B组;C组血清的IL-4浓度高于A组及B组。术后4周时,C组关节液中的IFN-γ浓度高于A组;C组关节液中的IL-2浓度高于A组及B组;C组血清的IL-4浓度高于B组,关节液中的IL-4浓度高于A组,但低于B组。术后12周时,C组血清的IFN-γ浓度高于A组及B组,关节液中的IFN-γ浓度高于A组;C组血清的IL-2浓度高于A组及B组,关节液中的IL-2浓度高于A组及B组;C组关节液中的IL-4浓度高于A组。组织学检查结果显示,术后4周时,B组术侧膝关节滑膜组织中有炎细胞浸润,至术后12周时组织学表现基本正常。C组在术后4周时术侧膝关节滑膜组织中有大量炎细胞浸润,12周时炎细胞数量减少,但仍然明显多于B组。同时在A组中也发现个别滑膜标本中存在少量炎细胞浸润。结论异种骨软骨移植的免疫反应特点与同种异体骨软骨移植不同,其早期排斥反应强,后期弱,早期以Th2反应为主,而同种异体骨软骨移植免疫排斥以Th1反应为主。愈合过程则是骨吸收发生较晚,而同种异体移植骨吸收发生较早。     

自体骨-骨膜移植修复关节软骨缺损的实验研究

目的　通过自体骨 -骨膜移植修复兔关节软骨缺损 ,探讨骨膜间充质细胞对关节透明软骨组织全层缺损修复的作用与机制。方法　以成年兔胫骨内上侧的骨 -骨膜组织作为供体 ,镶嵌式植入兔自体髌股关节之股骨滑车关节软骨等大、相同形状的全层缺损区 ,术后 4～ 2 4周分别对缺损修复情况进行大体、组织学及电镜观察。结果　自体骨 -骨膜移植组织与缺损周围组织完全愈合 ,组织学及电镜观察显示修复组织为透明软骨组织。结论　自体骨 -骨膜组织移植修补关节软骨缺损可以诱导关节软骨缺损以透明软骨方式进行修复 ,这为临床应用自体骨 -骨膜组织移植修复关节软骨缺损提供了理论依据     

异体软骨细胞复合透明质酸苄基酯凝胶修复关节软骨缺损

目的 :研究采用同种异体软骨细胞复合透明质酸苄基酯凝胶修复关节软骨缺损的效果。方法 :将体外培养的同种异体第二代软骨细胞与透明质酸苄基酯凝胶复合注入兔关节软骨缺损区作为实验组 ,以软骨细胞悬液组和不作任何处理组作为对照 ,于第 4、8、1 2周取材 ,进行大体、组织学、电镜检查 ,观察其修复效果。结果 :实验组术后 1 2周时 ,缺损区可见新生透明样软骨组织 ,表面光滑 ,与周围软骨界面难以辨认。软骨细胞悬液组和空白对照组组均未见明显修复。结论 :同种异体软骨细胞复合透明质酸苄基酯凝胶修复关节软骨缺损效果明显 ,将透明质酸苄基酯凝胶作为移植载体是可行的。     

折叠式骨膜-骨复合组织游离移植修复关节软骨缺损的实验研究

目的 观察游离折叠式骨-骨膜复合组织移植修复全层软骨缺损的效果及再生软骨的特性. 方法 新西兰大白兔实验动物48只,建立全层软骨缺损模型,设计折叠骨-骨膜复合组织游离移植为实验组,单纯骨膜游离移植为对照组,未作任何修复处理为空白组,每组16只.术后2、4、8、12周进行大体标本观察、HE染色、甲苯胺蓝染色组织学观察、免疫组化观察、扫描电镜观测和关节软骨组织学半定量分析. 结果 术后实验组修复组织为透明软骨,且与周围正常软骨融合良好,甲苯胺蓝染色深;细胞质和细胞外基质中Ⅱ型胶原的表达呈强阳性;电镜显示包埋在软骨细胞囊中的软骨细胞排列整齐,胶原纤维呈多孔结构,孔隙均匀;软骨组织学半定量评分实验组各时间点明显优于对照组和空白组(P<0.05). 结论 折叠式骨-骨膜复合组织游离移植是对以往单纯游离骨膜移植的改进,为修复全层软骨缺损的提供更有效的方法.     

兔胚胎软骨细胞移植修复关节软骨缺损的初步研究

目的　采用兔胚胎软骨细胞培养移植修复关节软骨缺损 ,并对其组织形态学进行观察。方法　在成兔股骨内侧髁作关节软骨缺损模型 ,实验组采用生物蛋白胶与胚胎软骨细胞相混后 ,植入兔膝关节实验性软骨缺损区 ,对照组不做任何处理或单纯用生物蛋白胶移植修补 ,分别于术后 4、8、1 2周观察关节软骨缺损修复的情况 ,并对其进行组织学评分。结果　实验组在胚胎软骨细胞移植 8、1 2周后 ,于缺损区内可形成透明软骨 ,组织评分及效果评定优于对照组。结论　胚胎软骨细胞移植组所产生的修复组织接近正常软骨组织 ,明显优于对照组     

同种异体深冻骨移植临床应用54例

同种异体深冻骨移植用于临床上骨与关节缺损的修复与重建５４例。大块骨移植１７例，小块骨充填植骨３７例。同种异体深冻骨移植，极大的降低了同种异体新鲜骨移植的排斥反应。与其它方法相比，最大限度地保存了骨移植的骨诱导能力和骨传导能力。同种异体深冻骨是理想的骨移植材料。小块同种异体深冻骨移植在临床上比大块移植效果好。     

同种异体骨髓基质细胞移植修复兔膝关节骨软骨缺损

目的 探讨同种异体骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)作为种子细胞在软骨组织工程中的应用.方法 同种异体BMSCs与丝素蛋白-异体松质骨共培养构建组织工程化骨软骨复合体,移植修复兔膝关节骨软骨缺损,术后2、4、12周取材,行组织学观察及Ⅱ型胶原、Brdu免疫组化染色.结果 BMSCs能在丝素蛋白和松质骨支架上较好的黏附、生长,共培养后成功地构建了组织工程化骨软骨复合体;体内移植后生成透明软骨样组织并修复了骨软骨缺损.结论 同种异体BMSCs可作为软骨组织工程的种子细胞,丝素蛋白-松质骨双相支架负载同种异体BMSCs可用于骨软骨缺损的修复.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.