Rectal obstruction due to endometriosis: A case report and review of the Japanese literature

INTRODUCTION

Colorectal obstructive endometriosis is relatively rare in Japan and its differentiation from malignancy is often difficult. We report a case of rectal obstructive endometriosis.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 37-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a suspected ileus. Her chief symptoms were left lower abdominal pain and vomiting. Colonoscopy showed an intraluminal mass of redness in the upper rectum. A proctectomy was performed because of the bowel obstruction. The rectum was filled with an intraluminal mass measuring 5 cm × 4 cm, and endometriosis was diagnosed pathologically.

DISCUSSION

A preoperative diagnosis of colorectal obstructive endometriosis is often difficult because of the lack of definite diagnostic, clinical, sonographic, or radiological findings that are characteristic of this disease. Medical treatment is not always effective for colorectal obstructive endometriosis, and surgery is often performed.

CONCLUSION

Colorectal obstructive endometriosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of various gastrointestinal symptoms in women who are of reproductive age.     

Retrieval of rectal foreign bodies: A difficult case

Foreign body in the rectum is not an uncommon condition encountered by general surgeons. Endoscopic retrieval can be attempted but may not always be successful. A small proportion of patients require an operation under general anaesthesia. There is no well‐defined guideline for proper management of rectal foreign body. We report a rare case (a 10‐inch rectal vibrator) in which colonoscopic retrieval failed and, subsequently, extraction under general anaesthesia was required. The literature was reviewed for an optimum method of removal.     

Rectal foreign bodies: case reports and a comprehensive review of the world's literature

The surgical management of two patients presenting with incarcerated, apparently self-inserted foreign bodies is reported. The large volume of prior literature on this subject is reviewed, with tabulation of 182 previous cases by type and number of objects recovered and with a discussion of patients' age distribution, history, complications, and prognosis. Management problems addressed include history, differential diagnosis of reported pruritis ani, and handling of suspected assault. The variety of surgical techniques used to remove rectal foreign bodies transanally or after celiotomy is discussed. Vaginal foreign bodies and large bowel injuries due to fist fornication, colorectal instrumentation, pneumatic rupture, foreign body ingestion, impalement, and abdominal trauma are also discussed.     

Rectal perforation after AxiaLIF instrumentation: case report and review of the literature

Background contextBowel perforation is an uncommon complication of posterior spinal surgery. The AxiaLIF transsacral instrumentation system has been used for the treatment of L5–S1 spondylolisthesis and degenerative disc disease since its introduction in 2005 as a potentially less invasive alternative to traditional anterior or posterior interbody fusion.PurposeIn this article, we report a case of a rectal perforation as a complication of placement of the AxiaLIF instrumentation system that was successfully treated without the removal of the device.Study designCase report.MethodsThe patient presented with progressive back pain and sepsis 3 weeks after an L5–S1 fusion done with the AxiaLIF technique at an outside facility. The patient was managed with antibiotic therapy and a diverting ileostomy, without the removal of the AxiaLIF device.ResultsOver the next year, she had symptoms indicative of nonunion of the operated level and breakdown at the adjacent level, which were confirmed with imaging. She underwent revision posterior spinal fusion without the removal of the AxiaLIF device. Eighteen months after the AxiaLIF device was placed, the patient continued to demonstrate no signs of infection recurrence.ConclusionsDelayed presentation of rectal perforation with a subsequent anaerobic sepsis is a potential complication of the presacral approach to the L5–S1 disc space. Recognition and treatment with fecal diversion and long-term intravenous antibiotics is an alternative to device removal and sacral reconstruction.     

Colorectal foreign bodies: a systematic review

Aim To perform a systematic review of the published reports on retained colorectal foreign bodies (CFBs) to collate the features and formulate a simple management plan based on the available evidence. Method An extensive search was carried out to identify articles on CFBs. The search was carried out on electronic databases Cinahl, Embase, Medline, PubMed and PsychInfo from 1950 to January 2009. Internet journals were also scoured and a general search was carried out using the search engine ‘Google’. Papers published in languages other than English were not included. Results This review covers a total of 193 patients with 196 presentations. There were 188 men and 5 women, a ratio of approximately 37:1. The mean age at presentation was 44.1 years (SD 16.6) in the single case reports and 39.3, 40 and 60.8 years in the three case series. Household objects, such as bottles and glasses, accounted for the largest percentage (42.2%) of inserted objects. Presentation for treatment occurred most often within 24 h of insertion and the majority of objects were removed transanally using manual manipulation with or without the use of a variety of tools, or via a scope. Conclusions The incidence of CFBs is disproportionately higher in men. Various techniques for removal are available, including some that are minimally invasive. The appropriate technique will depend on the size and surface of the retained object and the presence of complications such as perforation or obstruction.     

直肠非霍奇金淋巴瘤并发直肠腺癌一例

目的报道1例直肠非霍奇金淋巴瘤（HNL）并发同一部位直肠腺癌病例。方法中山大学附属第一医院于2010年5月19日收治了1例直肠HNL合并同一部位直肠腺癌的71岁男性患者,对其临床表现、诊治过程及术后病理特征进行总结。结果该病例术前诊断为重度不典型增生伴腺瘤局部癌变,术前分期为T2N0-1M0。行Parks手术（直肠切除结肠肛管吻合术）加肝左外叶次全切除术;术程顺利,术后恢复良好。术后病理结果显示：直肠中分化管状腺癌．侵犯直肠深肌层;直肠NHL,边缘区细胞性;远、近切缘均阴性,无脉管和神经侵犯。免疫组织化学（免疫组化）染色不：L26（＋）,Bcl-2（＋）,Bcl-6（＋）,CD3（-）,CD23（-）,CK上皮细胞（＋）,M-CEA腔缘（＋）。肝脏标本病理及免疫组化检测结果符合肝黏膜相关边缘区淋巴瘤。结论直肠同一部位同时发生腺癌和淋巴瘤极其罕见．其具有独特的病理特征。     

脊柱脊髓锐器伤合并异物存留的救治

[目的] 探讨脊柱脊髓锐器伤合并异物存留的诊疗特点及预后。[方法] 回顾了1995年1月～2005年11月本科收治的128例脊柱脊髓锐器伤的临床资料，对其中19例合并有异物存留患者的诊治、术后恢复情况进行分析总结。[结果] 19例均行急诊手术清创，术后死亡1例（5．3％），椎管内感染1例，发生脑脊液漏1例。14例合并有脊髓损伤患者中，13例术后经综合康复治疗脊髓损害程度ASIA评分较手术前提高（P〈0．05）。[结论] 脊柱脊髓锐器伤合并异物存留时需在充分地术前准备下急诊手术治疗，必要的术前检查，制定详细的手术计划是提高抢救成功率的关键。     

Penetrating intracranial wooden object: case report and review of CT morphology, complications, and management

BACKGROUND

Penetrating intracranial wooden fragments after vehicular accidents are uncommon. The CT morphology, complications, and management in such cases are quite variable.

CASE REPORT

A 27-year-old male was seen with a “twig” from a tree embedded firmly just below the right medial canthus after a motorcycle accident. Diagnosis of intracranial penetrating wooden object was made on CT scanning. The wooden stick, which had splintered into two, was extricated through a craniotomy in two operative sessions. However the patient succumbed to septicemia and meningitis on the twelfth day after the accident.

CONCLUSIONS

The need for prompt extrication of these objects and the causes of high mortality in this condition are discussed. The importance of imaging the intracranial compartment in injuries involving the periorbital region is emphasized.     

Two giant peritoneal loose bodies were simultaneously found in one patient: A case report and review of the literature

IntroductionPeritoneal loose body(PLB) is usually small, therefore giant Peritoneal loose body(gPLB) with a diameter >5 cm has rarely been described in the literatures. We report a case of two gPLB simultaneously found in one patient.Presentation of caseA healthy 79-year-old man palpated himself a solid mass with alternating localizations in his peritoneal cavity 6 months ago. It was not the complaint of frequency of urinatior until he saw the doctor a week ago. Surprisingly, two oval-shaped masses were simultaneously discovered by computed tomography (CT). One was in the peritoneal cavity, measuring 10.4*8.3 cm, weight 182.5 g, another was in the pelvic cavity, measuring 7.6*6.0 cm, weight 98.4 g. The case was confirmed by surgical operation.DiscussionThe gPLB is considered as uncommon. Two gPLB which were simultaneously discovered in one patient have never been reported in the literatures. The small PLB is usually asmptomatic, occasionally, the gPLB can cause symptoms with acute retention of urine or intestinal obstruction. It is crucial to diagnosis the peritoneal loose body.ConclusionTwo gPLB that situated in one patient are rare findings. Clinically, if a solid mass alternating localizations cound be palpated in the Peritoneal cavity, CT or other imaging shows an oval-shaped mass with calcifications in the central region, PLB should be considered. Surgical removal is recommended for the patient with acute retention of urine or intestinal obstruction or unclear diagnosis.     

Metallic foreign body in the lung: a case report

We present the case of an 11-year-old girl with a history of needle ingestion. Radiological investigations revealed that the foreign body had migrated into the lung parenchyma. We report the use of fluoroscopy and thoracoscopy to aid localization and facilitate removal of a metallic foreign body in the thorax.     

An unusual foreign body in the esophagus: report of a case

Foreign body ingestion occurs commonly in children and in specific high-risk groups of adults. Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract can result in serious complications depending on the size and shape of the ingested object. This report presents a patient with an unusual foreign body in the esophagus. Received: November 20, 2000 / Accepted: November 20, 2001     

原发直肠肛管小细胞癌1例报告并文献复习

背景与目的：原发直肠肛管小细胞癌（SCC）是直肠肛管肿瘤罕见的类型，占比不超过1%。与常见的直肠肛管腺癌相比，直肠肛管SCC的临床症状以及影像学表现不具有特异性，诊断较为困难，术后极易发生复发和远处转移，预后差，其总体病死率极高。由于直肠肛管SCC的罕见性和特殊性，目前国内外文献报道较少，缺乏相关的研究数据和治疗经验，对其认识不够深入，尚无统一的最佳治疗方案，这给临床对其诊治带来了一定的困扰。笔者通过收治1例原发直肠肛管SCC患者，分析诊疗经过，探讨直肠肛管SCC的诊断和治疗方法，以期为该类疾病诊断和治疗提供相应的临床经验和新的思路。 方法：回顾性分析1例原发直肠肛管SCC患者的临床资料，对患者的病史特点、一般情况、影像学检查、病理组织形态和免疫标记物特征进行分析诊断，根据其特点制定相应的治疗策略，并结合相关文献复习。 结果：患者表现出便血的临床特点，影像学检查考虑为直肠肛管恶性肿瘤，经过2次肠镜下组织活检病理提示为SCC，遂行腹腔镜辅助Miles手术，术后病理诊断为直肠肛管SCC。患者术后通过辅以盆腔放疗和“顺铂+依托泊苷”EP化疗方案的综合治疗，定期复查胸部CT、全腹CT、盆腔MRI、结肠镜检查、血清肿瘤标志物等均未发生肿瘤复发和远处转移，已无瘤生存13个月，目前继续随访观察中。 结论：原发直肠肛管SCC是一种罕见的疾病，总体生存率低。直肠肛管SCC的临床症状、影像学表现与常见的直肠肛管腺癌相似，不具有特异性，肠镜下的组织活检取材较为困难，确诊需要结合病理组织形态和多种免疫组化标记物。手术切除是治疗局部进展期直肠肛管SCC最为主要且有效的方法，应尽早的进行手术治疗，术后辅以盆腔放疗和“顺铂+依托泊苷”EP化疗方案的综合治疗，能改善患者的预后，延长生存期。     

A case of delayed brain abscess due to a retained intracranial wooden foreign body: a case report and review of the last 20 years

Summary A 13-year-old female is presented. When she was six years old, she had fallen, holding wooden chopsticks and got stuck with a chopstick in the right upper eyelid. She was brought to a physician immediately, but a residual foreign body was missed and no particular symptom had developed during 7 years. She visited our department with fever and headache, and a brain abscess and an intracranial foreign body were found on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) 7 years after the penetrating injury. She underwent removal of the object and abscess by craniotomy and recovered without neurological abnormalities. Since intracranial retained wooden foreign bodies frequently cause delayed complications of severe central nervous system infection, surgical removal is necessary even in the absence of symptoms.     

Unusual ankle fracture: A case report and literature review

Fractures of the talus are uncommon, and talar body fractures in the sagittal plane are still rarer. The aim of its treatment is urgent anatomic reduction to restore congruency of the ankle and to reduce the risk of avascular necrosis by preserving any remaining blood supply. We report the case of a body talar fracture in sagittal plane associated with fracture of the medial malleolus in a young adult; the mechanism of the fracture was plantar hyperflexion, internal rotation and axial compression. We perform an open reduction and stabilization with two screws for the talus and screw the medial malleolus. At 14 months following the injury patient had good range of movement with little pain. The mechanism is discussed along with a literature review.     

Stereotactic removal of intracranial foreign bodies: review and case report

A 13-year-old boy presented himself with an airgun injury with a track from an entry wound in the left temporal region to the right thalamic pulvinar. The patient made a good recovery following stereotactic removal of the pellet. The literature is reviewed and the indications for stereotactic removal of intracranial foreign bodies discussed.     

Eighteen years lasting bronchial foreign body: A case report in Cameroon,sub-Sahara Africa

IntroductionForeign body aspiration represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality during childhood. A neglected aspirated foreign body can last for years, leading to complications that are sometimes difficult to manage, dramatically affecting the quality of life of the patient.Case ReportWe report the case of a 29-year-old female who presented with eighteen-year history of recurrent cough, choking, and respiratory infections following a foreign body aspiration. The course was complicated by a chronic secondary lung abscess, successfully managed by combined medical and surgical treatment.DiscussionIn low-income countries like ours, foreign body aspiration is often misdiagnosed. The often delayed management due to low socioeconomic status can lead to serious complications. To the best of our knowledge, it is the longest period of bronchial foreign body retention reported in the medical literature in Africa.ConclusionForeign body aspiration is common in childhood and requires early recognition and treatment, in order to avoid complications that can be very serious or even fatal.     

Pediatric anorectal impalement with bladder rupture: case report and review of the literature

Rectal impalement involves foreign body trauma to the anus or rectum resulting in intra- or extraperitoneal rupture. Evaluation of suspected rectal impalement injury involves careful history and physical examination. Ruling out rectal perforation in patients with reported impalement is critical even if there is no evidence of trauma to the perineum. There are few reports on pediatric impalement and only 1 reported case of pediatric rectal impalement with bladder rupture. We report a rectal impalement with extraperitoneal bladder injury in a 12-year-old boy and review the literature on treatment of these injuries.     

Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor with metastasis to the penis: Case report and review of literature

We report the case of a 51-year-old gentleman with previously diagnosed gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the rectum with metastasis to the penis. The patient underwent abdominoperineal resection of the primary tumor with negative margins and completed a three-year course of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). Forty months after resection of his rectal tumor, the patient presented to his urologist with worsening testicular pain, mild lower urinary tract obstructive symptoms, and nocturia. A pelvic MRI revealed the presence of an ill-defined mass in the right perineum extending from the base of the penis to the penoscrotal junction. Biopsy of this mass was consistent with metastatic GIST. To our knowledge, this is the first report of metastatic GIST to the penis.     

A retained intrahepatic bullet in the Bermuda triangle: A case report of surgical extraction

Introduction and importanceThe management of retained gunshot injury in the liver is not properly discussed in the literature.Case presentationWe describe a rare case of intrahepatic retained foreign body (bullet). Our patient is a 39-year old Yemeni soldier, who was exposed to firearm injury 10 months previously. The patient sought medical advice to extract the foreign body, and it was successfully extracted through abdominal exploration, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications.DiscussionRetained liver foreign bodies have three types, penetrating, medical, and migrating. Before the removal of the foreign body, good patient evaluation along with good surgical expertise should be present.ConclusionThere is a need for general guidelines to manage such patients who should be assessed by high volume surgeons.