周边虹膜切除与YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗早期闭角型青光眼的临床比较

目的 探讨周边虹膜切除术与YAG激光虹膜切除术对早期闭角型青光眼的疗效差异.方法 一组采用周边虹膜切除术,90例97只眼;另一组采用YAG激光周边虹膜切除术作对照组,167例193只眼,随访观察1个月至5年.结果 周边虹膜切除术组术后发现有3例残留虹膜色素层,激光组术后激光孔1例闭合,经再次激光扩大后,激光孔可见,未再闭合.另虹切组术后眼压控制超过20mmHg者4例,激光组术后眼压控制超过20mmHg的7例.结论 周边虹膜切除术与YAG激光虹膜切除术均能有效地治疗早期闭角型青光眼.介于激光痛苦小,费用低的特点,继发性瞳孔闭锁性青光眼以及绝大多数早期闭角型青光眼者,选择YAG激光优于周边虹膜切除术.但对于虹膜肥厚、色素较多者,周边虹膜切除术优于YAG激光虹膜切除术.对于虹膜高褶型青光眼,两种手术无显著差异.     

倍频Nd：YAG激光联合YAG激光治疗闭角型青光眼

目的：观察倍频Nd：YAG激光联合YAG激光行周边虹膜切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼的疗效及并发症。方法：本组共105例,其中临床前期91眼,先兆期32眼,间歇期46眼,均先使用倍频Nd：YAG激光在拟行周边虹膜切孔处分层射击,最后用YAG激光穿透造孔,随访12mo,观察疗效及并发症。结果：术后1～6h眼压暂时性升高,24h后眼压下降,虹膜周切孔均通畅,房角无粘连,3眼周切孔处局限性晶状体混浊。结论：倍频Nd：YAG激光联合YAC激光行周边虹膜切除术是防止闭角型青光眼急性发作的安全有效的手术。     

半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼

目的:探讨半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼疗效。方法:对89例110眼闭角型青光眼行半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术。结果:激光孔通畅100%,治愈98眼,好转8眼,无效4眼,总有效率96.4%。术前术后平均视力无明显变化。术后1wk眼压0.93～2.67(平均1.87)kPa。所有病例前房角均有不同程度的加宽。结论:半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼,操作简单,效果确切,并发症少,是治疗闭角型青光眼的理想术式,值得临床推广。     

倍频Nd∶YAG激光联合YAG激光治疗闭角型青光眼

目的:观察倍频Nd∶YAG激光联合YAG激光行周边虹膜切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼的疗效及并发症。方法:本组共105例,其中临床前期91眼,先兆期32眼,间歇期46眼,均先使用倍频Nd∶YAG激光在拟行周边虹膜切孔处分层射击,最后用YAG激光穿透造孔,随访12mo,观察疗效及并发症。结果:术后1～6h眼压暂时性升高,24h后眼压下降,虹膜周切孔均通畅,房角无粘连,3眼周切孔处局限性晶状体混浊。结论:倍频Nd∶YAG激光联合YAG激光行周边虹膜切除术是防止闭角型青光眼急性发作的安全有效的手术。     

激光周边虹膜成形术的临床观察

通过对３６例５６只原发性急、慢性闭角型青光眼施行倍频Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光周边虹膜成形术后的临床观察，随访１—６月（平均４．２月），结果显示：８０—８３％眼的眼压得到控制，７３．６％眼减少了抗青光眼药物的用量，８３％眼房角增宽，６２．５％眼周边前房深度加深，３７％眼房角粘连范围减轻或重新开放。提示：激光周边虹膜成形术对治疗原发性急性闭角型青光眼发作期的患眼、周边虹膜切除术后眼压控制不理想者、慢性闭角型青光眼早期或房角粘连范围不大者有较大的实用价值。     

激光周边虹膜切除及成形术治疗青光眼的体会

目的观察氩激光联合YAG激光行周边虹膜切除及周边虹膜成形术治疗急性闭角型青光眼的疗效及其并发症。方法本组共105例(169眼),包括急性闭角型青光眼临床前期91眼,先兆期32眼、间歇期46眼。均先用氩激光行360°周边虹膜成形术,然后在拟行周边切孔处用氩激光分层击射虹膜,最后用YAG激光穿透击射。随访12个月,观察其疗效及并发症。结果术后1～6小时眼压一过性升高,1天后眼压正常,周切孔均开放无闭塞,前房角开放;3眼周切孔处晶状体局限性浑浊。结论氩激光联合YAG激光行虹膜周边切除+虹膜周边成形术是治疗闭角型青光眼预防急性发作的有效而且安全的手术。     

氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合YAG和氩激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼

我们应用氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合 YAG和氩激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼取得良好效果 ,现报告如下 :资料与方法 :1998年 9月～ 2 0 0 0年 9月应用氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合 YAG和氩激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼 42例 5 1眼 ,女性 33例 ,男性 9例 ,年龄 5 3～ 73岁 ,平均 6 4岁。临床前期 38眼 ,间歇期 6眼 ,发作期 3眼 ,慢性闭角型青光眼 4眼。慢性闭角型青光眼作暗室试验。随访观察时间 3个月～ 2 4个月。常规作视力、裂隙灯、房角镜、暗室试验和视野检查。眼压控制标准为停用降眼压药物后眼压≤2 .79k Pa,…     

Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗葡萄膜炎继发闭角型青光眼

目的 评价Nd：YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗葡萄膜炎继发闭角型青光眼的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析27例葡萄膜炎继发瞳孔阻滞闭角型青光眼经Nd：YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗的情况。随诊时间2月到4年。结果1)一次激光所有患眼均成功击穿虹膜。虽经术后积极抗炎治疗．12眼(44％)发生虹膜孔关闭。多次激光治疗后，最终89％的患眼获得了通畅的激光孔。2)在46次激光治疗中，击射点数为3～376点，激光能量为12～2077mJ。所用激光能量较原发闭角型青光眼高。3)75％的患眼激光治疗后眼压控制正常，6只眼(22％)眼压不能控制行滤过手术。4)激光手术的并发症主要是激光时虹膜的出血和暂时的眼压升高。5)术前有活动性炎症的患眼，发生激光孔闭合的比例更高。结论 Nd：YAG激光虹膜切除术是治疗葡萄膜炎继发闭角型青光眼的一种安全有效的方法。为提高手术的成功率，应在积极抗炎的同时，尽早行激光虹膜切除术。若激光后虹膜孔反复关闭，应考虑手术周边虹膜切除术。     

激光周边虹膜切除术治疗早期闭角型青光眼的临床观察

目的:YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗闭角型青光眼的疗效及并发症的临床观察。方法:本组病例20例(25眼),诊断为闭角型青光眼临床前期、前驱期的22眼,3眼为间歇期。使用Nd:YAG激光机在虹膜中周部单脉冲击射均为一次透切成功,随访3～12mo,观察疗效及并发症。结果:25眼激光切孔1次手术成功率100%。术后均出现了虹膜炎性反应,1～3h内一过性眼压升高5眼,前房出血4眼,角膜内皮损伤1眼,全部并发症于术后1～3d消失。无切孔后晶状体混浊及孔洞闭塞并发症发生。术后周边前房及房角增宽,眼压<18mmHg。结论:Nd:YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗闭角型青光眼安全有效,对早期患者效果更佳,适宜在基层医院推广。     

两种术式治疗早期慢性闭角型青光眼的远期疗效

目的：评价激光周边虹膜切除术和小梁切除术在治疗早期慢性闭角型青光眼的远期疗效。
　　方法：对98例102眼早期慢性闭角型青光眼患者,随机分为A组50例54眼行周边虹膜切除术和B组48例48眼行小梁切除术。追踪观察3~8a,比较两组术后视力、眼压、前房角、视野及杯/盘比值的变化情况。
　　结果：A 组视力下降24眼,眼压>21 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133kPa)者22眼,房角粘连>180°21眼,视野缩小21眼,C/D扩大21眼;B组依次为10眼,5眼,4眼,4眼和4眼,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
　　结论：早期慢性闭角型青光眼手术治疗,可取得良好的疗效,远期疗效小梁切除术明显优于虹膜周边切除术。     

Follow-up studies in pattern VECP in demyelinating diseases in children

Spectral sensitivity functions and the transient decrease of sensitivity to short wavelengths after the offset of yellow light (transient tritanopia) were measured by increment threshold techniques in patients suffering from hereditary macular degenerations. Color vision defects were determined by arrangement tests and the anomaloscope. Central areolar choroidal dystrophy was found to produce a mild protan defect and to reduce foveal spectral sensitivity throughout the visible spectrum by a factor of 100; it also abolishes transient tritanopia. Electroretinogram (ERG) was normal, electrooculogram (EOG) subnormal. Stargardt's disease, despite numerous fluorescent macular spots, does not abolish transient tritanopia nor does it reduce spectral sensitivity, although scotopic matches were performed on the Nagel anomaloscope. Only in severe, advanced cases was transient tritanopia reduced and spectral sensitivity found to follow the absorption spectrum of rods. Routine ERGs and EOGs were normal. Vitelliform macular degeneration, despite the ophthalmoscopically pronounced dystrophic macula, produced only very small changes in spectral sensitivity and transient tritanopia, although a widened matching range on the Nagel anomaloscope and electrophysiological abnormalities were found. Apparently damage of the retinal circuit which connects long and short wavelength-sensitive cones, caused by hereditary conditions, is different from that caused by retinotoxic drugs.     

p53 expression in pterygium in two climatic regions in Turkey

Purpose:

To assess accumulation of p53 protein in samples of primary pterygium from people living in two different climatic regions in Turkey.

Materials and Methods:

Group 1 included 101 pterygium specimens from people in Adana located in southern Turkey. Group 2 included 39 pterygium specimens from people in Ankara, located in the middle of Turkey. Climatic conditions throughout the year are sunnier and warmer in Adana than they are in Ankara. The control group (Group 3) included 30 specimens of conjunctiva that had been excised during cataract surgery from 30 patients without pterygium. The pterygial specimens and control conjunctiva were studied by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against p53 protein. Pearson''s chi-square test was used to compare the p53 immunoreactivity.

Results:

The p53 immunoreactivity in Groups 1 and 2 was greater than it was in the control group (P<0.001). There were no differences in p53 immunoreactivity between Groups 1 and 2 (P= 0.060).

Conclusion:

The p53 immunoreactivity was not correlated with ultraviolet irradiation exposure. The p53 immunoreactivity in our pterygium specimens suggests that pterygium could be a result of uncontrolled cell proliferation.     

Changes in Bruch's membrane in experimental hypercholesteremia in rats

PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of high cholesterol diet for the aging changes in Bruch's membrane of rats. METHODS: After feeding a 4% cholesterol diet for 15 weeks to three young rats 3 months old and four aged rats 23 months old, we observed the morphological changes of Bruch's membrane by electron microscopy, and made a comparison with rats fed an ordinary diet. RESULTS: In one young rat fed a high-cholesterol diet, the endothelial basement membrane of the choriocapillaris formed multiple folds separated from the plasma membrane of the endothelium and showed lamellar thickening and crack in some areas. The elastic fiber layer in Bruch's membrane disappeared partly and some new microfibrils appeared. In one aged rat fed a high-cholesterol diet, the endothelial basement membrane of the choriocapillaris showed more lamellar thickening with lumps in some parts. Compared with rats fed an ordinary diet, rats fed a high-cholesterol diet showed thickening of the basement membrane and the changes were more severe. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that high-cholesterol diet might promote age-related changes of Bruch's membrane.     

Trends in Patterns of Anterior Uveitis in a Tertiary Institution in Singapore

Purpose: To report the trends in etiology of patients with anterior uveitis (AU) in Singapore over 6 years.

Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical records of all new patients who presented with anterior uveitis to the uveitis subspecialty clinic from 2005 to 2010 at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Results: There were 552 new cases of AU. This comprised 59.5% of a total of 928 new patients diagnosed with uveitis from 2005 to 2010. The mean age was 48.0?±?17.2 years. There was a male predominance (62.5%), with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The majority were of Chinese ethnicity (69%), followed by Malays (13.2%). Most cases were unilateral (79.5%) and idiopathic (50.4%). Common etiological causes included Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) (5.6%), ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-related AU (5.1%), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (4.7%), and herpes zoster virus (HZV) (4.5%). There were increasing trends in AS-related AU from 3.2% in 2008 to 6.5% in 2010, and psoriasis-associated AU from 1.7% in 2005 to 4.0% in 2008. There were decreasing trends in the incidence of FHI from 10.6% in 2006 to 4.7% in 2009. No change in incidence of viral etiologies was noted, but cytomegalovirus-related immune-recovery uveitis (IRU) comprised 7.4%. IRU showed an increasing trend from 1.7% in 2005 to 11.9% in 2007, then decreased to 3.3% in 2010. Using the Pearson chi-square test, there was no statistically significant association between ethnicities (Chinese, Malay, Indian) comparing infectious and noninfectious cases (p?=?0.788), idiopathic and nonidiopathic cases (p?=?0.170), or between the various etiologies of uveitis (p?=?0.168).

Conclusions: AU was the predominant form of uveitis seen at our centers. Infectious etiologies (18.5%) are the most common among nonidiopathic cases, with herpes viruses (9.2%) being most prevalent. Despite increased use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of microbial and viral DNA, there was no overall increase in detection of infectious causes for uveitis. The changes in CMV-related immune recovery uveitis from 2005 to 2010 could reflect a change in HIV management in Singapore.     

Orthokeratology practice in children in a university clinic in Hong Kong*

Purposes: The aim of this study was to analyse clinical data of children undergoing orthokeratology (ortho‐k) and to investigate patients’/parents’ perspective on ortho‐k via telephone interviews. Methods: Clinical records of children undergoing ortho‐k from a university optometry clinic were reviewed and the effects of ortho‐k on refraction, vision and cornea were investigated. A telephone interview was conducted to solicit patients’/parents’ perspective of the treatment. Results: One hundred and eight files were reviewed. Median age of the children was nine years (range six to 15); mean (±SD) pre‐treatment refractive sphere was ‐3.56 ± 1.49 D and the median refractive cylinder was ‐0.50 D (range zero to ‐4.25 D). Significant refractive spherical reduction (58 per cent), improvement in unaided vision and corneal topographical changes were noted after only one night of wear. No significant change in astigmatism was found. Corneal staining was the most commonly observed complication with ortho‐k and more than 80 per cent of patients were advised to apply ocular lubricants to loosen the lens before lens removal. Ortho‐k was mainly undertaken for myopic control and about 90 per cent of the respondents reported good/very good unaided vision after ortho‐k and ranked the treatment as satisfactory or very good. Lens binding and ocular discharge were the most frequently reported problems during the treatment. Conclusion: Under close monitoring, overnight ortho‐k is effective and safe for reducing low to moderate myopia and the treatment is well accepted by the children.     

内毒素诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎的巨噬细胞中Toll样受体4的表达

目的 探讨在内毒素诱导的Wistar大鼠葡萄膜炎中Toll样受体4(TLR4)阳性细胞与虹膜组织中巨噬细胞的动态变化和分布.方法 实验研究.Wistar大鼠50只,用随机数字法随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为正常对照(0 h)组、6 h组、12 h组、24 h组及48 h组.除0 h组外其余各组均足垫部注射霍乱弧菌内毒素200μg,注射后于裂隙灯显微镜下观察双眼前节炎症反应变化.按实验分组于0、6、12、24、48 h处死大鼠.取虹膜一睫状体及脉络膜组织.通过葡萄膜铺片免疫组织化学方法检测TLR4和巨噬细胞的标记CD163的表达.人工计数虹膜中TLR4~+与CD163~+的细胞并计算细胞密度,计算圆形和多形性的CD163~+细胞占所有CD163~+细胞的百分比.进一步采用免疫荧光双标记检测TLR4和CD163共表达的情况.通过单因素方差分析分别对大鼠虹膜内阳性细胞密度以及圆形、多形性CD163~+细胞的百分比进行统计学检验.结果 正常大鼠虹膜睫状体组织不表达TLR4.6 h组有2只大鼠虹膜内可见少量TLR4~+细胞,12～48 h组所有大鼠虹膜内TLR4~+细胞明显增多(F=167.2,P＜0.001),虹膜内TLR4~+细胞密度分别为(506.1±39.5)个/mm~2(12 h组)、(492.3±54.5)个/mm~2(24 h组)及(663.8±150.2)个/mm~2 (48 h组).在注射LPS后12～48 h期间TLR4~+细胞形态无明显变化.0～48 h组大鼠虹膜内均有CD163~+细胞,0 h组圆形和多形性CD163~+细胞百分比为13%,12～48 h组其百分比约为80%,且圆形细胞主要位于虹膜基质层.免疫荧光双标记可见TLR4和CD163的共表达,TLR4位于细胞膜,CD163位于细胞质.5组大鼠脉络膜内均未见TLR4表达.结论 内毒素诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎中虹膜内TLR4表达增高,部分虹膜固有巨噬细胞表达TLR4.TLR4可能在葡萄膜炎的发生发展中起一定作用.     

弱视眼底光学相干断层扫描的研究进展

弱视是由于视觉发育关键期内各种异常的视觉经验导致单眼或双眼最佳矫正远视力低于正常同龄儿童,而眼部无明显器质性病变。目前普遍观点认为,弱视的发病机理主要源于视皮层。近年来,光学相干断层扫描（OCT）作为一种先进的活体成像技术,促进了对视网膜形态结构的大量研究,同时也被应用到弱视的研究领域。陆续有不同的研究人员利用OCT发现弱视患者眼底视网膜、脉络膜等眼部结构存在改变。笔者将对弱视眼底OCT的研究进展做一综述。