EP—CAM在OLP和OSCC组织中的表达及意义

目的：观察上皮细胞黏附分子（Ep—CAM）在口腔正常黏膜、扁平苔癣（OLP）和鳞癌（OSCC）组织中表达的变化,分析Ep—CAM在口腔黏膜疾病及其癌变发病机制中的作用。方法：采用免疫组织化学法检测10例正常口腔黏膜、30例OLP（15例非糜烂型、15例糜烂型）及20例OSCC组织中Ep—CAM的表达变化。结果：Ep—CAM在正常黏膜组织阴性表达,而在非糜烂型OLP、糜烂型OLP及OSCC组织中表达逐渐增强。结论：Ep—CAM在口腔黏膜癌变的发展过程中可能具有一定的指示意义。     

COX-2、VEGF在口腔扁平苔藓、口腔白斑及口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的研究环氧合酶(COX)-2、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)、口腔白斑(OLK)及口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)组织中的表达及分布,探讨其在OLP、OLK癌变机制中的作用。方法采用免疫组化法检测33例OLP患者(单纯扁平苔藓19例,伴异常增生14例)、35例OLK患者(单纯增生14例、伴异常增生21例)、31例OSCC患者及10例正常对照者口腔黏膜组织(NOM)中COX-2、VEGF的分布和表达。应用统计分析软件SPSS 13.0对结果进行统计分析。结果COX-2、VEGF在正常口腔黏膜组织无表达或低表达;在单纯扁平苔藓组均为26.32%过表达;在扁平苔藓异常增生组分别为71.43%、64.29%过表达;在白斑单纯增生组过表达情况均为21.42%;在白斑异常增生组分别为80.95%、71.43%过表达;在口腔鳞状细胞癌组分别为93.55%、90.32%过表达;COX-2、VEGF在扁平苔藓异常增生组的表达明显高于单纯扁平苔藓组(P<0.05),低于OSCC组(P<0.05),与白斑异常增生组无明显差异(P>0.05)。COX-2的表达与VEGF表达呈明显正相关(r=0.595,P<0.01)。结论COX-2、VEGF在NOM、OLP及OLK伴异常增生、OSCC的表达逐渐增高,表明COX-2及VEGF与OLP、OLK的异常增生及癌变有关。     

EMT在口腔鳞癌和扁平苔藓病理机制中的作用

上皮-间充质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）,是上皮细胞通过特定的程序转化为间质细胞的生物学过程,EMT在胚胎发育、创伤愈合、肿瘤的侵袭迁移等过程中起重要作用,EMT在恶性肿瘤的侵袭迁移病理过程中的分子机制成为研究热点。EMT的发生涉及多种机制,与低氧微环境、炎症因子、细胞外基质及microRNA等有关。文中综合目前研究进展,就EMT在口腔鳞癌和扁平苔藓侵袭转移中的作用及其分子机制作一综述。     

血管内皮生长因子在口腔扁平苔藓及鳞癌组织中的表达

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子在口腔扁平苔藓癌变及发病机制中的作用。方法采用免疫组化法,检测10例正常口腔黏膜、25例口腔扁平苔藓、11例口腔扁平苔藓伴不典型增生及14例口腔鳞癌,上皮组织中血管内皮生长因子的表达水平。结果血管内皮生长因子在24例口腔扁平苔藓标本中阳性表达2例,阴性表达22例,阳性表达率明显低于其它3组（P〈0.05）。扁平苔藓伴不典型增生及口腔鳞癌中血管内皮生长因子的阳性表达率均高于正常黏膜（P〈0.05）。结论血管内皮生长因子的表达异常可能在口腔扁平苔藓的发生发展及癌变的过程中起作用。     

KLF-6在口腔扁平苔藓恶变中的表达研究

目的 探讨KLF 6在口腔扁平苔藓发病机制及癌变中的作用。方法 分别采用免疫组化和Western blot方法对10例正常口腔黏膜、30例扁平苔藓患者和22例口腔鳞癌患者的上皮组织中KLF 6蛋白进行t检测,比较其在三者之间的差异。SPSS 14.0对数据进行检验。结果 扁平苔藓患者组织中KLF 6蛋白的表达明显低于正常口腔黏膜,两组之间具有显著性差异;口腔鳞癌患者组织中KLF 6蛋白的表达明显低于扁平苔藓组织,两组之间具有显著性差异。结论 KLF 6的表达异常可能在口腔扁平苔藓的发生发展及癌变的过程中起作用。     

FOXP3和GITR在口腔扁平苔藓及口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的研究FOXP3、GITR在口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）和口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）组织中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组化方法检测30例OLP组织、30例OSCC组织和15例口腔正常黏膜（NOM）组织中FOXP3、GITR的表达。结果NOM组FOXP3和GITR阴性表达;OLP组和OSCC组FOXP3和GITR表达分别较NOM组显著增加（P〈0.01）;OLP组和OSCC组之间FOXP3和GITR表达无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;FOXP3和GITR在OLP组和OSCC组中的表达存在正相关关系。结论在OLP的发生及发展成OSCC过程中,FOXP3和GITR均可能起着一定的作用。     

Oxidative stress status and DNA damage in saliva of human subjects with oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41 : 736–740 Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress status in the saliva of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Thirty‐two patients with OLP, 26 patients with OSCC, and 30 non‐involved subjects were enrolled in this study. The study was conducted at the Cancer Department, Clinic of Oral Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The unstimulated whole saliva malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) were assayed by thiobarbituric acid, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and ELISA method, respectively. The TAC/MDA ratio was used as an index of oxidative stress status. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s post hoc test. Results and Conclusion: There were no significant differences in saliva TAC and MDA levels between OLP and control, and also between OLP and OSCC patients. MDA and 8‐OHdG were significantly higher but TAC was lower in OSCC patients than control. TAC/MDA ratio was significantly lower in patients with OSCC than both OLP patients and control. TAC/MDA ratio was significantly lower but 8‐OHdG was higher in patients with OLP compared to control. This suggests that patients with OLP and OSCC are more susceptible to an imbalance of antioxidant‐oxidative stress status.     

MicroRNA‐137 promoter methylation in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common oral mucosal disease, which is generally considered a potentially malignant lesion. To identify efficiently prognostic biomarker, we investigated the microRNA‐137 (miR‐137) promoter methylation in OLP and compared with the samples from healthy volunteers and patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 20 OLP and 12 patients with OSCC as well as 10 healthy subjects were subjected to miR‐137 promoter methylation analysis using methylation‐specific PCR (MSP). To address the malignancy prediction potential from miR‐137 promoter methylation status, methylation of the p16 gene, a well‐known tumor suppressor, was investigated in the same samples. The p16 methylation and miR‐137 promoter methylation were found to be 25% and 35% in patients with OLP, 50% and 58.3% in patients with OSCC, and 0% and 0% in healthy subjects, respectively. The differences between miR‐137 and p16 methylation levels were statistically significant between healthy controls and patients. Methylation levels of the two promoters were also influenced by age, gender, and lesion duration. Interestingly, aberrant promoter methylation of the p16 and miR‐137 genes was only found in the epithelium but not in the connective tissue from patients with OLP. This raises the possibility to use miR‐137 methylation as a biomarker for malignant prediction in patients with OLP.     

Expression of p53 in oral mucosal hyperplasia, dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To assess p53 expression in a range of oral mucosal lesions and to relate the results to the clinical outcome in patients with dysplastic oral mucosal lesions and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archival tissue was available for eight cases of normal oral mucosa, 50 cases of oral mucosal hyperplasia, 41 cases of oral mucosal dysplasia and 48 cases of OSCC. The monoclonal antibody DO-7, reactive to p53 protein, was applied to paraffin-embedded sections using microwave pretreatment and immu-nohistochemical techniques.
RESULTS: The results showed that normal oral mucosa did not express p53.Positive nuclear staining was found in 18/50 (36%) cases of hyperplasia, 35/41 (85%) cases of dysplasia and 45/48 (94%) cases of OSCC.None of the p53 negative dysplasias progressed, while 19% of p53 positive cases of dysplasia recurred following excision and 11% of the cases underwent neoplastic transformation. Five out of 10 (50%) cases of severe dysplasia which were p53 positive resolved.
CONCLUSION: The proportion of cases with positive p53 expression increased from hyperplasia to dysplasia to OSCC. These results may indicate an involvement of p53 in neoplastic transformation as well as in proliferative events although the presence or absence of p53 staining could not be used to predict the outcome of potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions.     

Expression of integrin α9 subunit and tenascin in oral leukoplakia, lichen planus, and squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: Integrin alpha9 subunit is a member of beta1 integrin family and binds tenascin (TN). It is expressed by stratified squamous epithelium and may be associated with cell differentiation and growth. We studied if the expression of alpha9 integrin and TN is altered in leukoplakia, lichen planus, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).METHODS: Frozen sections of tissue samples obtained from normal human keratinized (16 subjects) and non-keratinized (three subjects) oral mucosa, oral leukopakias with dysplasia (19 subjects), reticular type lichen planus (nine subjects), or oral mucosal SCC (23 subjects) were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against alpha9 integrin and TN.RESULTS: In contrast to its most prominent localization at the cell membranes of the basal epithelial cells in the normal mucosa, alpha9 integrin was localized in a more diffuse pattern with focal loss of expression at the epithelial cell membranes in leukoplakic dysplasia, lichen planus, and SCC. In some areas of SCC, alpha9 integrin localized throughout all cell layers of the tumor epithelium. In most areas, alpha9 integrin colocalized with TN but in heavily inflamed areas there was focal loss of TN and alpha9 integrin at the basement membrane zone. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that alpha9 integrin expression is altered in leukoplakic dysplasia, lichen planus, and SCC.     

端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA在OLP和OSCC中的表达

目的：探讨端粒酶逆转录酶（TERT）mRNA在口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）和口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）中的表达以及在OLP癌变过程中的作用。方法：应用mRNA原位杂交法对正常口腔黏膜12例,非糜烂型OLP20例,糜烂型OLP20例及OSCC20例,进行hTERTmRNA的检测。结果：正常口腔黏膜、非糜烂型OLP、糜烂型OLP及OSCC中hTERTmRNA阳性表达率分别为8.33％（1／12）、15％（3／20）、45％（9／20）、80％（16／20）。其中,除正常口腔黏膜与非糜烂型OLP中hTERT mRNA阳性率无显著性差异外,其余各组间均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。而且,正常口腔黏膜与非糜烂型OLP的hTERT mRNA染色强度明显低于糜烂型OLP及OSCC（P〈0.05）。结论：hTERT mRNA可能在糜烂型OLP的癌变过程起着一定的作用。     

口腔鳞状细胞癌中NCAPD2的表达水平及生物学功能

目的 探讨非SMC凝集素Ⅰ复合亚基D2(NCAPD2)在口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中的表达及生物学功能。方法 首先应用数据库分析NCAPD2在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HNSCC)中的表达,然后采用免疫组化法在OSCC标本中进行验证。应用高内涵筛选(high-content screening, HCS)、流式细胞仪及蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot)检测OSCC细胞的增殖、凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果 NCAPD2在HNSCC中高表达,且与HNSCC临床分期、病理分级和淋巴结转移有关。免疫组化显示OSCC组织中的NCAPD2表达显著高于健康口腔组织(P<0.001),且NCAPD2表达与OSCC病理分级之间存在显著相关性。敲减NCAPD2能够抑制OSCC细胞的增殖促进凋亡。此外,BCL-2,p21表达下调,BAX,p53表达上调。结论 NCAPD2有望成为OSCC治疗的一个靶点。     

SHIP�ڿ�ǻ�۰��б���о�

目的：探讨含SH2结构域的肌醇磷酸酶（SHIP）在口腔鳞癌中的表达。方法选择中国医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科2008-2011年间收治的36例口腔鳞癌患者,术后应用免疫组化方法对其癌旁正常组织、原发灶及转移淋巴结中SHIP、基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-2及MMP-9的表达情况进行检测。结果癌旁正常组织中SHIP呈中高强度阳性表达,明显高于原发灶及转移淋巴结（P〈0.05）;而原发灶及转移淋巴结中MMP-2和MMP-9表达强度显著高于癌旁正常组织（P〈0.01）。结论 SHIP基因可能通过负反馈作用来调节肿瘤的侵袭和转移。     

Levamisole and/or Chinese medicinal herbs can modulate the serum level of squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen in patients with erosive oral lichen planus

Abstract: The serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen (SCCA) were determined by a microparticle enzyme immunoassay in a group of patients with stage I oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), major or minor type erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), Behçet’s disease (BD), oral leukoplakia (OL), or oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), and in normal control subjects. About 97% of the normal control subjects and the patients with minor type EOLP, RAS, BD, OL or OSF had a serum level of SCCA within the normal limit of 1.2 ng/ml. However, 6 of the 12 (50%) patients with stage I OSCC and 14 of the 31 (45.2%) patients with major type EOLP had a serum level of SCCA greater than 1.2 ng/ml. The mean serum level of SCCA in stage I OSCC patients (1.38±1.16 ng/ml) or in major type EOLP patients (1.32±1.23 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in normal control subjects (P<0.001) and that in the patients with minor type EOLP (P<0.001), RAS (P<0.001), BD (P<0.05), OL (P<0.05), or OSF (P<0.05). Either major or minor type EOLP patients could obtain a significant mean reduction of the serum SCCA level of 0.34–0.63 ng/ml after treatment with levamisole and/or Chinese medicinal herbs for 1–30 months. Combination therapy with levamisole plus Chinese medicinal herbs could achieve a shorter duration of treatment to get complete remission than the single therapy with either levamisole only or Chinese medicinal herbs only. We conclude that levamisole and/or Chinese medicinal herbs can modulate the serum SCCA level in EOLP patients. SCCA may be a useful marker in evaluating therapeutic effects and in monitoring the disease status of EOLP. For EOLP patients, the combination therapy is superior to the single therapy of levamisole or of Chinese medicinal herbs.     

microRNA表达调控与口腔鳞状细胞癌

［摘要］ 微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)属于一类小非编码RNA,可以通过作用于目标信使RNA(messenger RNA, mRNA)来调控生物进程。miRNA具有作为肿瘤生物标志物和药物作用靶点的潜能,因此阐明其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用机制十分重要。口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)是一种常见的口腔恶性肿瘤,预后不良。该文对miRNA在OSCC中的生物学功能,相关表达谱改变,调控机制和临床应用前景作一综述。     

Elevated serum levels of a c-erbB-2 oncogene product in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

OBJECTIVES: Amplification of the proto-oncogene c-erbB-2 (HER-2/neu) has been shown to be a prognostic marker in many kinds of cancer including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In order to obtain further information on the c-erbB-2 gene product p185, it is necessary to quantify expression levels. In this study we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the extracellular domain of p185 to determine whether a soluble oncoprotein fragment can be detected in the serum of OSCC patients. METHOD: Sera from 84 OSCC patients, 51 breast cancer patients (as positive controls), and 15 healthy controls were assayed in an ELISA. To study c-erbB-2 overexpression in OSCC, and breast cancer tissue samples we used an immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The mean serum value (ng/ml, mean/SD) for the normal controls was 8.46/1.29. We chose the 95% level of normal controls as a cut-off to distinguish individuals with elevated levels. The breast cancer patients' and OSCC patients' serum values were 13.83/6.82 and 13.1/4.56, respectively. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) were observed between normal control and OSCC, normal control and the breast cancer group. Immunohistochemically detectable p185 (intermediate to high) was noted in 30 of 61 OSCC, and 24 of 51 breast cancer patients. There was a trend of association of serum oncoprotein fragment levels with tumor stages, but not with tumor sizes, nodal stages, metastases, and oral habits including betel quid chewing, alcohol drinking and smoking in the OSCC group. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study raise the possibility that soluble c-erbB-2 protein levels in serum is a useful parameter for monitoring the disease status as well as the effect of therapy on patients with OSCC.