共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
G. Elango A. Abdul Rahuman A. Bagavan C. Kamaraj A. Abduz Zahir C. Venkatesan 《Parasitology research》2009,104(6):1381-1388
Anopheles subpictus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus have developed resistance to various synthetic insecticides, making its control increasingly difficult. Insecticides of botanical
origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. The leaf acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate,
hexane, and methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa ex Roxb, Andrographis lineata Wallich ex Nees., Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees., Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels, Eclipta prostrata L., and Tagetes erecta L. were tested against fourth-instar larvae of malaria vector, A. subpictus Grassi and Japanese encephalitis vector, C. tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). All plant extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure at 1,000 ppm; however,
the highest larval mortality was found in leaf ethyl acetate of A. marmelos, E. prostrata, hexane, methanol of A. paniculata and C. hirsutus against the larvae of A. subpictus (LC50 = 167.00, 78.28, 67.24, 142.83 ppm; LC90 = 588.31, 360.75, 371.91, and 830.01 ppm) and against the larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 = 99.03, 119.89, 88.50, 105.19 ppm; LC90 = 479.23, 564.85, 416.39, and 507.86 ppm), respectively. These results suggest that the leaf hexane extract of A. paniculata and ethyl acetate extract of E. prostrata have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the A. subpictus and C. tritaeniorhynchus. Therefore, this study provides first report on the mosquito larvicidal activity of plant extracts against vectors from Southern
India. 相似文献
2.
The present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of leaf hexane, chloroform,
ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa ex Roxb, Andrographis lineata Wallich ex Nees., Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich ex Nees., Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels, Eclipta prostrata L., and Tagetes erecta L. against the adult cattle tick Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann 1897 (Acarina: Ixodidae), the larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Canestrini 1887 (Acari: Ixodidae) and sheep fluke Paramphistomum cervi Zeder 1790 (Digenea: Paramphistomatidae). All plant extracts showed moderate toxic effect on parasites after 24 h of exposure;
however, the highest parasitic activity was found in leaf ethyl acetate extract of A. lineata, methanol extract of A. marmelos, A. paniculata, and C. hirsutus against H. bispinosa (LC50 = 395.27, 358.45, 327.21 and 420.50 ppm); ethyl acetate extract of A. paniculata, C. hirsutus, methanol extracts of A. marmelos, A. lineata, and E. prostrata against the larvae of R. microplus (LC50 = 207.70, 258.61, 134.09, 206.00, and 274.33 ppm); hexane extract of A. lineata, ethyl acetate extract of A. paniculata, E. prostrata, acetone extracts of T. erecta, methanol extracts of A. marmelos and C. hirsutus against P. cervi (LC50 = 254.23, 451.17, 425.73, 253.60, 542.71, and 360.17 ppm), respectively. The present study is the first report on the veterinary
parasitic activity of plant extracts from Southern India. 相似文献
3.
Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the adulticidal activity and adult emergence inhibition (EI) of leaf hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone,
and methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa ex Roxb, Andrographis lineata Wallich ex Nees., Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees., Cocculus hirsutus L. Diels, Eclipta prostrata L., and Tagetes erecta L. tested against malarial vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). All plant extracts showed moderate adulticidal activity and EI effects after 24 h of exposure
at 1,000 ppm; however, the highest adulticidal activity was observed in ethyl acetate extract of A.lineata, chloroform extract of A.paniculata, acetone extract of C.hirsutus, and methanol extract of T.erecta (LD50 = 126.92, 95.82, 109.40, and 89.83 ppm; LD90 = 542.95, 720.82, 459.03, and 607.85 ppm); and effective EI was found in leaf acetone extract of the A. marmelos, ethyl acetate extract of A.lineata, methanol extracts of C. hirsutus, and T.erecta, (EI50 = 128.14, 79.39, 143.97, and 92.82 ppm; EI90 = 713.53, 293.70, 682.72, and 582.59 ppm), respectively, against A. subpictus. These results suggest that the leaf methanol extract of C. hirsutus and T.erecta have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of A. subpictus. Therefore, this study provides first report on the mosquito adulticidal activity and EI of plant extracts against malaria
vector. 相似文献
4.
Laboratory determination of efficacy of indigenous plant extracts for parasites control 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
A. Abduz Zahir A. Abdul Rahuman C. Kamaraj A. Bagavan G. Elango A. Sangaran B. Senthil Kumar 《Parasitology research》2009,105(2):453-461
The present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of acetone, chloroform,
ethyl acetate, hexane, and methanol dried leaf, flower, and seed extracts of Achyranthes aspera L., Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br., Gloriosa superba L., Psidium guajava L., Ricinus communis L., and Solanum trilobatum L. tested against the larvae of cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini 1887) (Acari: Ixodidae), sheep internal parasite Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder 1790) (Digenea: Paramphistomatidae) at 2,000 ppm and fourth instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus Grassi and Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) at 1,000 ppm. All plant extracts showed moderate effects after 24 h of exposure; however, the
highest parasite mortality was found in the leaf ethyl acetate extract of A. aspera, leaf methanol extract of A. malabarica, flower methanol extract of G. superba, and leaf methanol extract of R. communis against the larvae of R. microplus (LC50 = 265.33, 95.97, 153.73, and 181.49 ppm; LC90 = 1,130.18, 393.88, 1,794.25, and 1,829.94 ppm); leaf acetone and chloroform of A. malabarica, flower acetone extract of G. superba, and leaf chloroform and methanol of R. communis against the adult of P. cervi (LC50 = 108.07, 106.69, 157.61, 69.44, and 168.24 ppm; LC90 = 521.77, 463.94, 747.02, 256.52, and 809.45 ppm); leaf ethyl acetate extract of A. aspera, leaf chloroform extract of A. malabarica, flower methanol of G. superba, and leaf methanol extract of R. communis against the larvae of A. subpictus (LC50 = 48.83, 135.36, 106.77, and 102.71 ppm; LC90 = 225.36, 527.24, 471.90, and 483.04 ppm); and leaf ethyl acetate extract of A. aspera, leaf chloroform extract of A. malabarica, flower methanol extract of G. superba, and leaf methanol extract of R. communis against the larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 = 68.27, 95.98, 59.51, and 93.94 ppm; LC90 = 306.88, 393.83, 278.99, and 413.27 ppm), respectively. These results suggest that the leaf ethyl acetate extract of A. aspera, leaf acetone and chloroform extract of A. malabarica, flower methanol extract of G. superba, and leaf methanol extract of R. communis have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the R. microplus, P. cervi, A. subpictus, and C. tritaeniorhynchus. Therefore, this study provides the first report on the larvae and adult parasitic activity of crude solvent extracts, indigenous
plants consumed by the natives in southern India. 相似文献
5.
A. Bagavan C. Kamaraj A. Abdul Rahuman G. Elango A. Abduz Zahir G. Pandiyan 《Parasitology research》2009,104(5):1109-1117
The acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol extracts of peel and leaf extracts of Citrus sinensis, Ocimum canum, Ocimum sanctum and Rhinacanthus nasutus were tested against fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi, Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) and feeding deterrence to nymphs of cotton pest, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). The larval and nymph mortality were observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate
larvicidal and nymphicidal effects; however, the highest mortality was found in peel chloroform extract of C. sinensis, leaf ethyl acetate extracts of O. canum and O. sanctum and leaf chloroform extract of R. nasutus against the larvae of A. subpictus (LC50 = 58.25, 88.15, 21.67 and 40.46 ppm; LC90 = 298.31, 528.70, 98.34 and 267.20 ppm), peel methanol extract of C. sinensis, leaf methanol extract of O. canum, ethyl acetate extracts of O. sanctum and R. nasutus against the larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 = 38.15, 72.40, 109.12 and 39.32 ppm; LC90 = 184.67, 268.93, 646.62 and 176.39 ppm), peel hexane extract of C. sinensis, leaf methanol extracts of O. canum and R. nasutus and leaf ethyl acetate extract of O. sanctum against the nymph of A. gossypii (LC50 = 162.89, 80.99, 73.27 and 130.19 ppm; LC90 = 595.40, 293.33, 338.74 and 450.90 ppm), respectively. These results suggest that the peel methanol extracts of C. sinensis and O. canum, ethyl acetate leaf extract of O. sanctum and leaf chloroform and ethyl acetate extract of R. nasutus have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the A. subpictus, C. tritaeniorhynchus and A. gossypii. 相似文献
6.
Larvicidal potential of medicinal plant extracts against Anopheles subpictus Grassi and Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
C. Kamaraj A. Bagavan A. Abdul Rahuman A. Abduz Zahir G. Elango G. Pandiyan 《Parasitology research》2009,104(5):1163-1171
Mosquito control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of botanical
origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. The acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane,
methanol and petroleum ether extracts of leaf, flower and seed of Cassia auriculata L., Leucas aspera (Willd.), Rhinacanthus nasutus KURZ., Solanum torvum Swartz and Vitex negundo Linn. were tested against fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi and Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal
effects; however, the highest mortality was found in leaf petroleum ether, flower methanol extracts of C. auriculata, flower methanol extracts of L. aspera and R. nasutus, leaf and seed methanol extracts of S. torvum and leaf hexane extract of V. negundo against the larvae of A. subpictus (LC50 = 44.21, 44.69, 53.16, 41.07, 35.32, 28.90 and 44.40 ppm; LC90 = 187.31, 188.29, 233.18, 142.66, 151.60, 121.05 and 192.11 ppm, respectively) and against the larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 = 69.83, 51.29, 81.24, 71.79, 44.42, 84.47 and 65.35 ppm; LC90 = 335.26, 245.63, 300.45, 361.83, 185.09, 351.41 and 302.42 ppm, respectively). These results suggest that the leaf petroleum
ether, flower methanol extracts of C. auriculata, leaf and seed methanol extracts of S. torvum and leaf hexane extract of V. negundo have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the A. subpictus and C. tritaeniorhynchus. This is the first report on the mosquito larvicidal activity of the medicinal plant extracts. 相似文献
7.
Santhoshkumar T Rahuman AA Rajakumar G Marimuthu S Bagavan A Jayaseelan C Zahir AA Elango G Kamaraj C 《Parasitology research》2011,108(3):693-702
The aim of this study was to investigate the larvicidal potential of the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol,
and aqueous leaf extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) and synthesized silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract against fourth instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus Grassi and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Nanoparticles are being used in many commercial applications. It was found that aqueous silver
ions can be reduced by aqueous extract of plant parts to generate extremely stable silver nanoparticles in water. The results
recorded from UV–vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared support the
biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts
and synthesized silver nanoparticles for 24 h. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the maximum efficacy
was observed in crude methanol, aqueous, and synthesized silver nanoparticles against the larvae of A. subpictus (LC50 = 8.89, 11.82, and 0.69 ppm; LC90 = 28.65, 36.06, and 2.15 ppm) and against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 9.51, 13.65, and 1.10 ppm; LC90 = 28.13, 35.83, and 3.59 ppm), respectively. These results suggest that the leaf methanol, aqueous extracts of N. nucifera, and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control
of the A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus. This is the first report on the mosquito larvicidal activity of the plant extracts and synthesized nanoparticles. 相似文献
8.
Plant extracts, especially botanical insecticides, are currently studied more and more because of the possibility of their
use in plant protection. Biological activity of five solvent plant extracts were studied using fourth instar larvae of gram
pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), cotton leaf roller Sylepta derogata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Antifeedant and larvicidal activity of acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol peel,
leaf and flower extracts of Citrus sinensis, Ocimum canum, Ocimum sanctum and Rhinacanthus nasutus were used in this study. During preliminary screening, the extracts were tested at 1,000 ppm concentration. The larval mortality
was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality
was found in peel chloroform extract of C. sinensis, flower methanol extract of O. canum against the larvae of H. armigera (LC50 = 65.10,51.78, LC90 = 277.39 and 218.18 ppm), peel methanol extract of C. sinensis, flower ethyl acetate extract of O. canum and leaf acetone extract of O. sanctum against the larvae of S. derogata (LC50 = 20.27,58.21,36.66, LC90 = 113.15,285.70 and 668.02 ppm), peel methanol extract of C. sinensis, leaf and flower ethyl acetate extracts of O. canum against the larvae of A. stephensi (LC50 = 95.74,101.53,28.96, LC90 = 303.20,492.43 and 168.05 ppm), respectively. These results suggest that the chloroform and methanol extract of C. sinensis, ethyl acetate flower extracts of O. canum and acetone extract of O. sanctum have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the agricultural pests H. armigera, S. derogata and medically important vector A. stephensi. 相似文献
9.
Abdul Abduz Zahir Abdul Abdul Rahuman Asokan Bagavan Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar Razack Rafi Mohamed Chinnaperumal Kamaraj Govindasamy Rajakumar Gandhi Elango Chidambaram Jayaseelan Sampath Marimuthu 《Parasitology research》2010,107(3):585-592
In the current study, in vitro evaluation of crude hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br., Gloriosa superba L., Psidium guajava L., Ricinus communis L., and Solanum trilobatum L. exhibited acaricidal and insecticidal activities against the adult of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) and hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata Leach (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). All plant extracts showed moderate toxic effect on parasites after 24 h of exposure; the
complete inhibition (100%) at the maximum concentration tested (3,000 ppm) was obtained in acetone, methanol, hexane, and
chloroform extracts of A. malabarica; methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of G. superba; acetone extract of P. guajava; methanol extract of R. communis; and leaf hexane extract of S. trilobatum; and the lowest inhibition (38%) was recorded for the seed hexane extract of S. trilobatum. The highest parasite dead was found in leaf acetone and methanol extracts of A. malabarica, seed methanol of G. superba, leaf methanol of R. communis against H. bispinosa (LC50 = 466.15, 719.78, 476.06, and 243.87 ppm; LC90 = 1,837.96, 2,014.47, 1,904.36, and 2,692.15 ppm), leaf hexane and chloroform extracts of A. malabarica, seed chloroform and ethyl acetate of G. superba, leaf acetone of P. guajava, leaf methanol of R. communis, and leaf hexane extract of S. trilobatum against H. maculata (LC50 = 495.61, 414.81, 360.02, 479.37, 646.30, 506.13, and 432.77 ppm; LC90 = 1,914.84, 1,956.59, 1,598.54, 1,636.41, 2,192.73, 1,982.66, and 1,872.33 ppm), respectively. These results suggest that
the leaf methanol of R. communis, chloroform extracts of A. malabarica, and chloroform extract of G. superba have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the H. bispinosa and H. maculata. Therefore, this study provides first report on the parasitic activities of plant extracts from Southern India. 相似文献
10.
G. Elango A. Bagavan C. Kamaraj A. Abduz Zahir A. Abdul Rahuman 《Parasitology research》2009,105(6):1567-1576
Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. The leaf acetone,
ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa ex Roxb, Andrographis lineata Wallich ex Nees, and Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels were tested for oviposition-deterrent, ovicidal, and repellent activities against Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). The percentage of effective oviposition repellency of 92.60 , 93.04, 95.20, 88.26, 92.80, 94.01,
95.77, 96.93, and 92.54 at 500 ppm and the lowest repellency of 47.14, 58.00, 56.52, 64.93, 71.09, 66.42, 50.62, 57.62, and
65.73 at 31.25 ppm in acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos, Andrographis lineata, and Cocculus hirsutus, respectively. The oviposition activity index (OAI) value of acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos, Andrographis lineata, and Cocculus hirsutus at 500 ppm were −0.86, −0.87, −0.90, −0.78, −0.87, −0.86, −0.91, −0.94, and −0.86 respectively. The OAI values revealed that
the solvent plant extracts have deterrent effect, and they caused a remarkable negative response resulting in oviposition
of very few eggs. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 24 h after treatment. The percent hatchability
was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. Mortality of 100% with ethyl
acetate extract of Aegle marmelos, methanol extracts Aegle marmelos, Andrographis lineata, and Cocculus hirsutus were exerted at 1,000 ppm. The maximum repellent activity was observed at 500 ppm in methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos, Andrographis lineata, and ethyl acetate extract of Cocculus hirsutus, and the mean complete protection time ranged from 90 to 120 min with the different extracts tested. These results suggest
that the leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos, Andrographis lineata, and Cocculus hirsutus have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the Anopheles subpictus. Therefore, this study provides first report on the oviposition, ovicidal, and repellent activities against malaria vector,
Anopheles subpictus of plant extracts from Southern India. 相似文献
11.
Efficacy of larvicidal botanical extracts against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Culex quinquefasciatus</Emphasis> Say (Diptera: Culicidae) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A. A. Rahuman A. Bagavan C. Kamaraj E. Saravanan A. A. Zahir G. Elango 《Parasitology research》2009,104(6):1365-1372
The present study explored the effects of crude leaf acetone, chloroform, hot water, methanol, petroleum ether (60–80°C),
and water extracts of Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br., Canna indica L., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn., Ipomoea carnea Jacq. spp. fistulosa Choisy, and Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight that were selected for investigating larvicidal potential against second and fourth instar larvae of the laboratory-reared
mosquito species, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, in which the major lymphatic filariasis was used. All plant extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects after 24 h of
exposure at 1,000 ppm; however, the highest larval mortality was found in leaf acetone, chloroform, methanol, and petroleum
ether of C. indica (LC50 = 29.62, 59.18, 40.77, and 44.38 ppm; LC90 = 148.55, 267.87, 165.00, and 171.91 ppm) against second instar larvae (LC50 = 121.88, 118.25, 69.76, and 56.31 ppm; LC90 = 624.35, 573.93, 304.27, and 248.24 ppm) and against fourth instar larvae and acetone, hot water, methanol, and petroleum
ether extracts of I. carnea (LC50 = 61.17, 41.07, 41.82, and 39.32 ppm; LC90 = 252.91, 142.67, 423.76, and 176.39 ppm) against second instar larvae (LC50 = 145.37, 58.00, 163.81, and 41.75 ppm; LC90 = 573.30, 181.10, 627.38, and 162.63 ppm) and against fourth instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. These results suggest that the acetone, methanol extracts of C. indica and hot water, petroleum ether extracts of I. carnea have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the major lymphatic filariasis vector,
C. quinquefasciatus. 相似文献
12.
Kannathasan K Senthilkumar A Chandrasekaran M Venkatesalu V 《Parasitology research》2007,101(6):1721-1723
The early fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, reared in the laboratory were used for larvicidal assay with leaf extracts of Vitex negundo, Vitex trifolia, Vitex peduncularis and Vitex altissima. The methanol extracts of the four species possessed varying levels of larvicidal nature. The highest larvicidal activity
was found with the extract of V. trifolia (LC50 = 41.41 ppm) followed by V. peduncularis (LC50 = 76.28 ppm), V. altissima (LC50 = 128.04 ppm) and V. negundo (LC50 = 212.57 ppm). 相似文献
13.
The leaf extract of Acalypha alnifolia with different solvents — hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol — were tested for larvicidal activity against
three important mosquitoes such as malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi, dengue vector, Aedes aegypti and Bancroftian filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. The medicinal plants were collected from the area around Kallar Hills near the Western Ghats, Coimbatore, India. A. alnifolia plant was washed with tap water and shade dried at room temperature. The dried leaves were powdered mechanically using commercial
electrical stainless steel blender. The powder 800 g of the leaf material was extract with 2.5 litre of various each organic
solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol for 8 h using Soxhlet apparatus, and filtered. The crude
plant extracts were evaporated to dryness in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The yield of extracts was hexane (8.64 g), chloroform
(10.74 g), ethyl acetate (9.14 g), acetone (10.02 g), and methanol (11.43 g). One gram of the each plant residue was dissolved
separately in 100 ml of acetone (stock solution) from which different concentrations, i.e., 50, 150, 250, 350 and 450 ppm,
was prepared. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone was moderate considerable mortality; however, the highest larval
mortality was methanolic extract observed in three mosquito vectors. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h exposure.
No mortality was observed in the control. The early fourth-instar larvae of A. stephensi had values of LC50 = 197.37, 178.75, 164.34, 149.90 and 125.73 ppm and LC90 = 477.60, 459.21, 435.07, 416.20 and 395.50 ppm, respectively. The A. aegypti had values of LC50 = 202.15, 182.58, 160.35, 146.07 and 128.55 ppm and LC90 = 476.57, 460.83, 440.78, 415.38 and 381.67 ppm, respectively. The C. quinquefasciatus had values of LC50 = 198.79, 172.48, 151.06, 140.69 and 127.98 ppm and LC90 = 458.73, 430.66, 418.78, 408.83 and 386.26 ppm, respectively. The results of the leaf extract of A. alnifloia are promising as good larvicidal activity against the mosquito vector, A. stephensi, A. aegypti, C. quinquefasciatus. Therefore, this study provides first report on the larvicidal activities against three species of mosquito vectors of this
plant extracts from Southern India. 相似文献
14.
Chinnaperumal Kamaraj Abdul Abdul Rahuman Asokan Bagavan Gandhi Elango Govindasamy Rajakumar Abdul Abduz Zahir Sampath Marimuthu Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar Chidambaram Jayaseelan 《Parasitology research》2010,106(6):1403-1412
The present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of acetone, chloroform,
ethyl acetate, hexane, and methanol dried leaf, flower, and seed extracts of Cassia auriculata L., Rhinacanthus nasutus KURZ., Solanum torvum Swartz, Terminalia chebula Retz., and Vitex negundo Linn. were tested against larvae of cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Canestrini, 1887 (Acari: Ixodidae), adult of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897 (Acarina: Ixodidae), hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata Leach (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), nymph of goat-lice Damalinia caprae Gurlt (Trichodectidae), and adult sheep parasite Paramphistomum cervi Zeder, 1790 (Digenea: Paramphistomatidae). All plant extracts showed moderate parasitic effects after 24 h of exposure at
3,000 ppm; however, the highest parasite mortality was found in leaf ethyl acetate, flower methanol of C. auriculata, leaf and seed methanol of S. torvum, seed acetone of T. chebula, and leaf hexane extracts of V. negundo against the larvae of R. microplus (LC50 = 335.48, 309.21, 297.43, 414.99, 167.20, and 611.67 ppm; LC90 = 1571.58, 1111.82, 950.98, 1243.64, 595.31, and 1875.50 ppm), the leaf and flower methanol of R. nasutus, leaf and seed methanol of S. torvum, and seed methanol extracts of T. chebula against the nymph of D. caprae (LC50 = 119.26,143.10,164.93,140.47, and 155.98 ppm; LC90 = 356.77, 224.08, 546.20, 479.72, and 496.06 ppm), the leaf methanol of R. nasutus, leaf and seed methanol of S.torvum, and seed acetone of T. chebula against the adult of H. bispinosa (LC50 = 333.15, 328.98, 312.28, and 186.46 ppm; LC90 = 1056.07, 955.39, 946.63, and 590.76 ppm), the leaf methanol of C. auriculata, the leaf and flower methanol of R. nasutus, the leaf ethyl acetate of S. torvum against the H. maculata (LC50 = 303.36, 177.21, 204.58, and 211.41 ppm; LC90 = 939.90, 539.39, 599.43, and 651.90 ppm), and the leaf acetone of C. auriculata, the flower methanol of R. nasutus, the seed methanol of S. torvum, and the seed acetone of T. chebula were tested against the adult of P. cervi (LC50 = 180.54, 168.59, 200.89, and 87.08 ppm; LC90 = 597.51, 558.65, 690.37, and 433.85 ppm), respectively. Therefore, this study provides first report on the veterinary parasitic
activity of plant extracts from Southern India. 相似文献
15.
Gandhi Elango Abdul Abdul Rahuman Abdul Abduz Zahir Chinnaperumal Kamaraj Asokan Bagavan Govindasamy Rajakumar Chidambaram Jayaseelan Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar Sampath Marimuthu 《Parasitology research》2010,107(3):577-584
In recent times, there were considerable efforts made to promote the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable natural
insecticides and repellents, particularly from botanical sources. The present study explored the effects of crude leaf ethyl
acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb, Andrographis lineata Wallich ex Nees., Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich ex Nees., Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels, Eclipta prostrata L., and Tagetes erecta L. on repellent activity against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles. The maximum repellent activity was observed at 500 ppm in methanol extracts of A. marmelos, ethyl acetate extracts of A. lineata, C. hirsutus, and E. prostrata and the mean complete protection time ranged from 120 to 150 min with the different extracts tested. The ethyl acetate extract
of A. lineata showed 100% repellency in 120 min; acetone extracts of A. marmelos and C. hirsutus and methanol extract of T. erecta showed complete protection in 90 min at 250 ppm, respectively. These results suggest that the leaf extracts of A. marmelos, A. lineata, and C. hirsutus have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the C. tritaeniorhynchus. Therefore, this study provides first report on the repellent activity against Japanese encephalitis, C. tritaeniorhynchus of plant extracts from Southern India. 相似文献
16.
Prejwltta Maurya Preeti Sharma Lalit Mohan Lata Batabyal C. N. Srivastava 《Parasitology research》2009,105(6):1653-1659
In view of the recently increased interest in developing plant-based insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticides,
this study was undertaken to assess the larvicidal potential of the various fruit wall extracts of Momordica charantia (cucurbitaceae) against two species of mosquito vectors, Anophels stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Among the extracts tested, petroleum ether (LC50 = 27.60; 17.22 ppm and 41.36; 15.62 ppm) extract was found more effective than carbon tetrachloride (LC50 = 49.58; 16.15 ppm and 80.61; 27.64 ppm) and methanol (LC50 = 142.82; 95.98 ppm and 1,057.49; 579.93 ppm) extracts towards anopheline and culicine larvae after 24 and 48 h of exposure
respectively. Thus, all fruit wall extracts of M. charantia are toxic to both the larval species. M. charantia may, therefore, act as an effective biolarvicide against mosquitoes in the future. 相似文献
17.
Chinnaperumal Kamaraj Abdul Abdul Rahuman Anita Mahapatra Asokan Bagavan Gandhi Elango 《Parasitology research》2010,107(6):1337-1349
In recent years, use of environment friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides of plant origin have received renewed
attention as agents for vector control because they are rich in bioactive chemicals, active against a limited number of species
including specific target insects, and biodegradable. The present study was carried out to evaluate the adulticidal, repellent,
and larvicidal activity of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of eight plants, viz. Aristolochia indica L., Cassia angustifolia Vahl, Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb., Dolichos biflorus L., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) Schult, Justicia procumbens L., Mimosa pudica L., and Zingiber zerumbet L., were tested against adult and early fourth instar larvae of Culex gelidus Theobald and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). The effective adult mortality was observed in methanol extract of A. indica, ethyl acetate extract of D. biflorus, and ethyl acetate and hexane extract of Z. zerumbet against C. gelidus and C. quinquefasciatus (LD50 = 37.75, 78.56, 129.44, 86.13, 80.06, 112.42, 53.83, and 46.61; LD90 = 166.83, 379.14, 521.50, 289.83, 328.18, 455.72, 181.15, and 354.50 ppm, respectively). Complete protections for 150 min
were found in hexane and methanol extract of A. indica and Z. zerumbet at 1,000 ppm against mosquito bites. The highest larval mortality was found in the hexane extract of Z. zerumbet, ethyl acetate extract of D. biflorus, and methanol extracts of A. indica against C. gelidus (LC50 = 26.48, 33.02, and 12.47 ppm; LC90 = 127.73, 128.79, and 62.33 ppm) and against C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 69.18, 34.76, and 25.60 ppm; LC90 = 324.40, 172.78, and 105.52 ppm), respectively, after 24 h. The plant extracts are potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly
approach for the control of the Japanese encephalitis vector, C. gelidus, and lymphatic filariasis vector, C. quinquefasciatus. 相似文献
18.
The present study explored the effects of Jatropha curcas leaf extract and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis larvicidal activity against the lymphatic filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. Wights were selected for investigating the larvicidal potential against the first to fourth instar larvae of the laboratory-reared
mosquito species, C. quinquefasciatus Say, in which the major lymphatic filariasis was used. The medicinal plants were collected from the area around Bharathiar
University, Coimbatore. The dried plant materials were powdered by an electric blender. From the powder, 100 g of the plant
materials was extracted with 300 ml of organic solvents of methanol for 8 h, using a Soxhlet apparatus, and filtered. The
crude plant extracts were evaporated to dryness in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The plant extract showed larvicidal effects
after 24 h of exposure; however, the highest larval mortality was found in the leaf extract of methanol J. curcas against the first to fourth instar larvae of values LC50 = 1.200%, 1.290%, 1.358%, and 1.448% and LC90 = 2.094%, 2.323%, 2.444%, and 2.544% and B. thuringiensis israelensis against the first to fourth instar larvae of values LC50 = 9.332%, 9.832%, 10.212%, 10.622% and LC90 = 15.225%, 15.508%, 15.887%, and 15.986% larvae of C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. No mortality was observed in the control. These results suggest methanol extracts of J. curcas and B. thuringiensis israelensis have potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the major lymphatic filarial vector, C. quinquefasciatus. 相似文献
19.
Marimuthu S Rahuman AA Rajakumar G Santhoshkumar T Kirthi AV Jayaseelan C Bagavan A Zahir AA Elango G Kamaraj C 《Parasitology research》2011,108(6):1541-1549
Green nanoparticle synthesis has been achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extract and eco-friendly reducing and
capping agents. The present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of
synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Mimosa pudica Gaertn (Mimosaceae) against the larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi, filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Canestrini (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasite larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extract of M. pudica and synthesized AgNPs for 24 h. AgNPs were rapidly synthesized using the leaf extract of M. pudica and the formation of nanoparticles was observed within 6 h. The results recorded from UV–vis spectrum, Fourier transform
infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy support the biosynthesis and
characterization of AgNPs. The maximum efficacy was observed in synthesized AgNPs against the larvae of A. subpictus, C. quinquefasciatus, and R. microplus (LC50 = 13.90, 11.73, and 8.98 mg/L, r
2 = 0.411, 0.286, and 0.479), respectively. This is the first report on antiparasitic activity of the plant extract and synthesized
AgNPs. 相似文献
20.
Khanna VG Kannabiran K Rajakumar G Rahuman AA Santhoshkumar T 《Parasitology research》2011,109(5):1373-1386
Owing to the fact that the application of synthetic larvicide has envenomed the surroundings as well as non-target organisms,
natural products of plant origin with insecticidal properties have been tried as an indigenous method for the control of a
variety of insect pests and vectors in the recent past. Insecticides of plant origin have been extensively used on agricultural
pests and, to a very limited extent, against insect vectors of public health importance, which deserve careful and thorough
screening. The use of plant extracts for insect control has several appealing features as these are generally more biodegradable,
less hazardous and a rich storehouse of chemicals of diverse biological activities. Moreover, herbal sources give a lead for
discovering new insecticides. Therefore, biologically active plant materials have attracted considerable interest in mosquito
control study in recent times. The crude leaf extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) Schult (Asclepiadaceae) and purified gymnemagenol compound were studied against the early fourth-instar larvae of
Anopheles subpictus Grassi and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). In the present study, bioassay-guided fractionation of petroleum ether leaf extract of G. sylvestre led to the separation and identification of gymnemagenol as a potential new antiparasitic compound. Phytochemical analysis
of G. sylvestre leaves revealed the presence of active constituents such as carbohydrates, saponins, phytosterols, phenols, flavonoids and
tannins. However, cardiac glycosides and phlobatannins are absent in the plant extracts. Quantitative analysis results suggested
that saponin (5%) was present in a high concentration followed by tannins (1.0%). The 50 g powder was loaded on silica gel
column and eluted with chloroform–methanol–water as eluents. From that, 16 mg pure saponin compound was isolated and analysed
by thin layer chromatography using chloroform and methanol as the solvent systems. The structure of the purified triterpenoid
fraction was established from infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The carbon skeleton of the compound was obtained by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift assignments obtained for gymnemagenol from 1H NMR correspond to the molecular formula C30H50O4. The compound was identified as 3β, 16β, 28, 29-tetrahydroxyolean-12-ene (gymnemagenol sapogenin). Parasite larvae were exposed
to varying concentrations of purified compound gymnemagenol for 24 h. The results suggested that the larval mortality effects
of the compound were 28%, 69%, 100% and 31%, 63%, 100% at 6, 12 and 24 h against A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. In the present study, the per cent mortality were 100, 86, 67, 36, 21 and 100, 78, 59, 38 and 19 observed
in the concentrations of 1,000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.75 ppm against the fourth-instar larvae of A. subpitcus and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. The purified compound gymnemagenol was tested in concentrations of 80, 40, 20, 10 and 5 ppm, and the per cent
mortality were 100, 72, 53, 30 and15 against A. subpitcus and 100, 89, 61, 42 and 30 against C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. The larvicidal crude leaf extract of G. sylvestre showed the highest mortality in the concentration of 1,000 ppm against the larvae of A. subpictus (LC50 = 166.28 ppm, r
2 = 0.807) and against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 186.55 ppm, r
2 = 0.884), respectively. The maximum efficacy was observed in gymnemagenol compound with LC50 and r
2 values against the larvae of A. subpictus (22.99 ppm, 0.922) and against C. quinquefasciatus (15.92 ppm, 0.854), respectively. The control (distilled water) showed nil mortality in the concurrent assay. 相似文献