组胺 H_2 受体阻滞剂阻断再生障碍性贫血患者 CD_8~ 细胞抑制正常 CFU-GM 生长的作用

目的：探讨再生障碍性贫血（再障）患者ＣＤ８＋细胞的组胺Ｈ２受体在造血抑制中的作用。方法：在１７例正常人粒－巨噬细胞集落（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）培养体系中分别加入１７例再障患者外周血ＣＤ８＋细胞，再障患者外周血ＣＤ８＋细胞＋甲氰咪胍和单加甲氰咪胍。结果：再障患者外周血ＣＤ８＋细胞在体外能抑制正常人骨髓细胞ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的生长，０．５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．０×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的甲氰咪胍均能解除这种抑制作用。１．０×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甲氰咪胍本身可使正常人骨髓细胞ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的产率有所下降，但０．５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甲氰咪胍对正常人骨髓细胞ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的生长无抑制作用。结论：组胺Ｈ２受体阻滞剂甲氰咪胍在体外能解除再障患者ＣＤ８＋细胞对正常ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ生长的抑制作用。     

雷公藤多苷和甲氰咪胍对过敏性紫癜患儿T淋巴细胞亚群和血清sICAM-1、ESR 水平的影响

目的:探究常规治疗联合雷公藤多苷和甲氰咪胍对过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿T淋巴细胞亚群和血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子1(s ICAM-1)、血沉(ESR)水平的影响。方法:选取2015年3月~2017年2月我院收治的HSP患儿92例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组46例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用雷公藤多苷和甲氰咪胍进行治疗。比较两组治疗前后的T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4+/CD8+、CD4+和CD8+)指标水平和血清s ICAM-1、ESR水平。结果 :治疗后观察组的血清CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平比对照组高,但其CD8+水平比对照组低,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;观察组的血清s ICAM-1和ESR水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:在常规治疗的基础上加用雷公藤多苷和甲氰咪胍治疗过敏性紫癜患儿的临床疗效显著,可调节患儿的T淋巴细胞亚群水平,并降低血清s ICAM-1和ESR的水平。     

组胺H2受体阻滞剂阻断再生障碍性贫血患者CD8＋细胞抑制正常…

目的：探讨再生障碍性贫血（再障）患者ＣＤ８＋细胞的组胺Ｈ２受体在造血抑制中的作用。方法：在１７例正常人粒－巨噬细胞集落（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）培养体系中分别加入１７例再障患者外周血ＣＤ８＋细胞，再患者外周血ＣＤ８＋细胞＋甲氰咪胍和单加甲氰咪胍。结果：再障患者外周血ＣＤ８＋体外能抑制正常人骨髓细胞ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的生长，０．５×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的甲氰咪胍有解除帝种抑制作用。１．     

再生障碍性贫血患者外周血CD3 CD4 CD8的表达及造血相关因子水平的研究

目的研究再生障碍性贫血患者外周血中T细胞亚群及白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-r(IFN-r)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-a)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、IL-12等造血细胞因子水平,旨在探讨再障患者的免疫状态。方法25例再障患者和15例正常对照者造血相关因子采用ELISA法。CD3、CD4、CD5荧光标记均用直接免疫法以流式细胞仪检测。结果SAA组患者CD3、CD4、C08细胞平均值分别为(69.41±6.30)%(、31.88±7.07)%、(35.17±6.26)%,与对照组比较,有显著性差异(分别为P<0.0l,P<0.01)。SAP,组IL-2、IFN-T、IFN-a、IL-8、IL-12中,除TNF-a外,其余均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其中IFN-T、IL-8显著高于CM组(P<0.05);CAA组IL-2、IFN-T、IL-12高于对照组(分别为P<0.05,P<0.05,P(0.01),TNF-a、IL-8与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。CAI组及SM组IL-12(P70)均显著高于正常对照组,差异有显著性(均为P<0.01),SAP,组IL-12(P70)水平高于CIA组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。IL-12(P70)与CD8 细胞%、IFN-T、IL-2呈正相关,与CD,细胞%呈负相关。结论大部分再障患者存在细胞免疫异常,以T淋巴细胞亚群失调及多种造血负调控因子异常增高为特征,与AA的发病有密切关系。     

二甲双胍对急性单核细胞白血病细胞株THP-1增殖、分化和凋亡的影响

目的:探讨二甲双胍(metformin)对体外培养的急性单核细胞白血病细胞株THP-1细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的影响,并分析其可能的作用机制。方法:用不同浓度的二甲双胍分别对THP-1细胞进行体外干预,24 h、48 h后用CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖情况;20 mmol/L二甲双胍干预24 h后用Annexin V/7-AAD双标记法分析细胞凋亡情况;流式细胞术检测细胞表面分化抗原CD11b、CD14的变化;实时定量PCR检测BCL-XL、BAX、BIM、Caspase-3mRNA表达的变化。结果:CCK-8法检测显示二甲双胍对THP-1细胞增殖具有显著的抑制作用,且作用呈时间和剂量依赖性;20 mmol/L二甲双胍干预THP-1细胞24 h后,流式细胞术检测结果显示CD11b、CD14阳性细胞率无明显变化(P0.05);Annexin V/7-AAD标记的流式细胞术检测显示,实验组和对照组早期凋亡细胞比例分别为(2.02±0.85)%和(4.46±1.33)%,晚期凋亡细胞比例分别为(1.43±0.83)%和(3.31±0.59)%,在实验组明显高于对照组(P0.05);20 mmol/L二甲双胍诱导THP-1细胞过程中BCL-XL、BIM表达无明显变化,BAX、Caspase-3表达显著增加(P0.01)。结论:二甲双胍能有效抑制THP-1细胞增殖并促进细胞凋亡,但对THP-1细胞分化无明显影响,其促进凋亡机制可能与上调BAX及Caspase-3基因有关。     

洛赛克与甲氰咪胍对重型颅脑损伤并应激性溃疡出血的预防作用

目的：观察洛赛克与甲氰咪胍对重型颅脑损伤并上消化道应激性溃疡出血的预防效果。方法：196例入院时未并发上消化道出血的重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为3组,对照组仅予一般治疗;洛赛克组在对照组的基础上预防性应用洛赛克40mg 10ml洛赛克溶煤静注,1次／d,连用1周;甲氰咪胍组在对照组的基础上应用甲氰咪胍0.4g＋0.9％生理盐水20ml静注,2次／d,连用1周;观察用药过程中重型颅脑损伤并发上消化道出血的发生率。结果：对照组上消化道出血的发生率为63.4％,甲氰咪胍组为19.7％,洛赛克组为4.6%,3组相比差异具有显著意义（P＜0.01).结论:甲氰咪胍与洛赛克能有效预防重型颅脑损伤后应激性溃疡的发生,洛赛克与甲氰咪胍相比,洛赛克又明显优于甲氰咪胍。     

甲氰咪胍与粒细胞生成

中性粒细胞减少与甲氰咪胍有关,已有报道。多数病例骨髓显示粒细胞系统增生低下或成熟障碍,提示甲氰咪胍对有些病人粒系前躯细胞有毒性作用。作者通过体外骨髓培养研究甲氰咪胍对人类粒细胞生成的影响。骨髓由7例正常人和2例病人(与甲氰咪胍有关的中性粒细胞减少症并已恢复正常者)提供。正常成人骨髓培养后平均有69个集落形成。为了探索病人是否有抗体介入抑制粒细胞生成,故将正常人和病人骨髓细胞先用病人急性期血清,补体加或不加各     

慢性再生障碍性贫血患者T淋巴细胞亚群和粒-单核细胞集落形成单位的检测

目的探讨慢性再生障碍性贫血(CAA)发病的免疫因素,为CAA的临床治疗提供依据。方法采用骨髓细胞半固体集落培养法检测粒-单核细胞集落形成单位(GM-CFU),同时用流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群。结果CAA骨髓细胞培养GM-CFU产率明显少于正常对照组,(7.9±0.5)个/ml vs(88.7±2.7)个/ml(P<0.01);CAA骨髓细胞加正常血清培养GM-CFU的产率与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义,(82.4±2.6)个/ml vs(88.7±2.7)个/ml(P<0.05),其中有21例的GM-CFU的产率(60.1±2.1)个/ml与对照相比较明显减少;CAA血清与正常骨髓细胞培养的GM-CFU为(105.6±3.2)个/ml,显著高于正常组。CAA组的CD3 、CD4 和CD4 /CD8 均比对照组降低,分别为(49.8±0.6)%vs(64.3±0.9)%(、29.7±0.4)%vs(38.6±0.3)%和(1.2±0.1)%vs(1.7±0.1)%(均P<0.01);CD8 细胞明显高于正常,(28.9±0.3)%vs(24.5±0.3)%(P<0.01)。结论CAA患者普遍存在着T细胞亚群失衡的免疫异常;CAA患者骨髓细胞中可能有抑制患者GM-CFU形成的因素,而血清中存在着升高的粒-单核细胞集落刺激因子等,其临床意义尚需进一步观察。GM-CFU体外培养联合T细胞亚群检测,可作为CAA异常免疫机制的诊断指标。     

老年社区获得性肺炎患者细胞免疫功能的变化

目的了解老年社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者细胞免疫功能状态,初步探讨T细胞亚群在老年CAP急性期发病机制中的作用,从而为老年CAP的防治工作提供理论依据。方法采用流式细胞仪测定35例老年CAP患者和35名老年健康对照组、25例非老年CAP患者和25名非老年健康对照组,观察外周血中CD3+T细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、CD4+/CD8+水平。结果1.老年CAP组CD3+T细胞比老年健康对照组增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CD4+T细胞水平比老年健康对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2.老年CAP组和非老年CAP组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+的比较结果显示:老年CAP组的CD3+T细胞低于非老年CAP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3.老年健康对照组的CD3+T细胞、CD8+T细胞水平低于非老年健康对照组,其中,这两组的CD3+T细胞水平差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.01),CD8+T细胞水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);老年健康对照组的CD4+/CD8+水平高于非老年健康对照组,差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论老年CAP患者急性期既存在免疫功...     

流式细胞术检测T细胞亚群在2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病患者中的应用

目的 观察2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病患者外周血中T细胞亚群变化,探讨其在2型糖尿病、糖尿病肾病发病中的致病作用.方法 采用流式细胞技术测定30例2型糖尿病无肾病(DM组)患者,30例糖尿病肾病(DN组)患者,20例健康对照者(NC组)外周血T淋巴细胞上CD3、CD4、CD8的表达.结果 DM组和DN组外周血CD3+T细胞数量(58.5±7.5)%、(54.8±5)% 低于NC组(65.1±8.6)% (P<0.05);CD4+T细胞数量(39.5±2.1)%、(42.1±1.6)%均明显高于NC 组(34.3±5.1)% ( P<0.01);CD8+T细胞数量(19.6±2.2)%、(17.1±2.6)% 低于NC组(21.1±3.2)% ( P<0.01);CD4+/CD8+比值(2.01±0.5、2.65±0.21)高于NC(1.79±0.72) (P<0.01);DN组外周血CD4+T细胞数量高于DM组(P<0.05);DN组外周血CD3+T、CD8+T细胞数量低于DM组,但差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05);DN组外周血CD4+/CD8+比值高于DM组(P<0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者存在T细胞亚群失衡,合并糖尿病肾病患者较糖尿病无肾病患者表达失衡更为严重,提示自身免疫调节异常可能参与2型糖尿病、糖尿病肾病的发生与发展.     

1，5-脱水山梨醇的性质及其临床应用

1，5-脱水山梨醇（1，5-anhydro-D-glncitol；1，5-AC）是一种存在于人类血液中的正常化合物，由于其代谢稳定，在血液中波动范围小，可反映血糖短期的变化．具有空腹血糖、果糖胺和糖化血红蛋白所不具有的优点，在糖尿病诊断与治疗中具有很高的价值和意义。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株检测及耐药性分析

目的了解我院送检标本中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)细菌的检出率及耐药情况,指导临床医生合理有效地使用抗生素。方法用NCCLS推荐的确证试验对临床分离的198例革兰氏阴性杆菌进行ESBLs鉴定,抗生素敏感测定采用K-B琼脂扩散法。结果共检出产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株42株,总检出率21.4%;其中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和阴沟肠杆菌的ESBLs检出率分别为20.6%、23.7%及16.7%。检出的产ESBLs细菌对所有青霉素类抗生素产生耐药,多数菌株对三代头孢类抗生素的耐药率>80%,对磺胺类、喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药率也在60%以上。氨基糖苷类对产ESBLs菌表现出较好的抗菌作用,亚胺培南对所有产ESBLs菌表现出最强抗菌作用。结论第三代头孢菌素和亚胺培南的大量应用是产生ESBLs菌的主要原因,亚胺培南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素是产ESBLs菌株临床治疗有效的药物。     

Differentiation of CD3-4-8- human fetal thymocytes in vivo: characterization of a CD3-4+8- intermediate

Human thymocyte differentiation was examined by injecting fetal thymic progenitor populations into human thymic xenografts in SCID-hu mice. Thymic progenitors were fluorescently labeled with the lipophilic dye PKH2. The phenotypes of their progeny could be identified by flow cytometric analysis of cells with a very high fluorescent PKH2 signal. Intrathymic injection of purified triple negative (TN) CD3-4-8- thymocytes resulted in the sequential appearance of CD3-4+8-, CD3-4+8+, and CD3+4+8+ cells, with the subsequent appearance of small numbers of phenotypically mature CD3+4+8- and CD3+4-8+ cells over a 4-d period. Sorted CD3-4+8- thymocytes injected intrathymically rapidly differentiated to CD4+8+ cells. CD4+8+ fetal thymocytes in cell cycle differentiated into phenotypically mature CD3+4+8- and CD3+4-8+ populations, whereas nondividing CD4+8+ cells failed to differentiate after intrathymic transfer. The number of cell divisions that occurred between the injection of TN thymocytes and their progeny at different time points was estimated based on the decrease in the intensity of the PKH2 label. The average length of the cell cycle for the TN population was calculated to be 24 h. The SCID-hu model thus provides a useful tool for studying the kinetics of cell division and differentiation of human thymocytes in vivo.     

Pharmacokinetics of (+/-)-, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol in humans and dogs

Pharmacokinetic parameters of (+/-)-, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol were determined in humans and dogs after a single oral or intravenous dose. Mean (+/- SD) oral bioavailability of (+/-)-gossypol in dogs was 30.9% +/- 16.2%. Studies in dogs who received single intravenous injections revealed that the elimination t1/2 and volume of distribution of (+)-gossypol were five and six times those of (-)-gossypol, respectively, whereas total body clearance and the AUC of the two enantiomers were similar. Data from men receiving the compounds orally show that the average peak plasma concentration and the AUC of (+)-gossypol are significantly greater than those of the (-)-isomer. The rate constants of alpha, beta, ka, k21, and k10 for (-)-gossypol are significantly greater than those for (+)-gossypol, indicating higher rates of mass transfer of the (-)-species. In humans the elimination t1/2 of (+)-gossypol was 29 times as that of (-)-gossypol, a difference that is more striking than that found in dogs. The elimination t1/2 of (+/-)-gossypol in humans averages 286 +/- 179 hours.     

颞浅动脉旁注射护理服务项目的成本核算

目的探讨颞浅动脉旁注射(以下简称颞浅注射)护理成本核算方法。方法根据项目成本核算有关公式完成颞浅注射护理成本核算,并与当前收费作比较。结果根据实际情况核算出颞浅注射护理成本。结论提供了较为科学的核算方法,为更合理地制定价格提供了依据。     

Ferroelectric performance of nylons 6-12, 10-12, 11-12, and 12-12

Nylons have great potential for electrical applications requiring high polarizability and low dielectric loss. Recently, the narrow single hysteresis loop with relaxor ferroelectricity and the double hysteresis loop due to antiferroelectricity have been reported in nylon random copolymers, terpolymers, and common even-numbered nylons. Although several studies of ferroelectric nylons have been reported, even–even-numbered and odd–even-numbered nylons have not been sufficiently explored. Here, the ferroelectricity of spin-coated even–even-numbered and odd–even-numbered nylons was investigated. A series of even–even-numbered nylons, including nylons 6-12, 10-12, and 12-12, and an odd–even-numbered nylon, nylon 11-12, were polymerized with 1,10-dodecanedicarboxylic acid (12) and four aliphatic diamines with various methylene units, 1,6-hexanediamine (6), 1,10-decanediamine (10), 1,11-undecanediamine (11), and 1,12-dodecanediamine (12). The obtained nylon polymers were spin coated and then subjected to melt-quenching or thermal annealing followed by quenching. From the X-ray diffraction and the electrical hysteresis loop data, the correlation between the ferroelectricity and the crystal parameters of crystallinity and crystallite size of the γ crystal phase was investigated. Furthermore, the free volume of the nylon samples was estimated to correlate with the ferroelectricity. Temperature-dependent ferroelectricity was investigated for nylon 10-12. At a high temperature, the nylon samples showed a narrow polarization–electric field hysteresis loop and a rhombus-shaped polarization current–electric field hysteresis loop due to the relaxor ferroelectricity. This behaviour was caused by electrically rotating the nanodomains with weakened hydrogen bonds at higher temperatures.

Nylons have great potential for electrical applications requiring high polarizability and low dielectric loss.     

儿童疑似肺炎支原体感染者血清、支气管灌洗液、胸腔积液、脑脊液MP-Ab-IgM检测的结果分析

目的 分析肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿血清、支气管灌洗液、胸腔积液及脑脊液的肺炎支原体(MP)MP-Ab-IgM检测结果。方法 选取2013年3月～6月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院疑似MP感染的278例住院患儿的血清、支气管灌洗液、胸腔积液及脑脊液标本,采用颗粒凝集的方法检测MP-Ab-IgM。结果181例患儿(男孩104例,女孩77例)的不同标本中MP呈阳性反应。278例患儿均进行了血清标本检测,共检出阳性血清标本170例,总检出率为61.2%(170/278),144例同时进行了支气管灌洗液检测,检出阳性62例,检出率为43.1%(62/144); 19例同时进行了胸腔积液标本检测,检出阳性13例,检出率为68.4%(13/19); 15例同时进行了脑脊液标本检测,检出阳性1例,检出率为6.7%(1/15)。各年龄组间检出率分别为:6个月～1岁组29.0%(9/31),～3岁组51.0%(25/49),～5岁组56.1%(23/41),～16岁组79.0%(124/157),6个月～1岁组与其他年龄组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); ～3岁与～5岁组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而与～16岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在6个月～1岁,～3岁,～5岁,～16岁四个年龄组中,同一患儿检测的不同类型MP-Ab-IgM阳性标本,其对应结果为A:血清类(111例)7,21,13和70; B:血清-支气管灌洗液类(45例)0,2,5和38; C:血清+胸腔积液类(7例)0,1,2和4; D:血清+脑脊液(1例)0,0,0和1; E:血清+支气管灌洗液+胸腔积液类(6例)0,0,2和4; F:支气管灌洗液类(11)2,1,1和7。结论 MP感染多种多样,有低龄化趋势,且有逐年增多的趋势。不同年龄组间血清阳性检出率随年龄增长逐渐增加,婴幼儿阳性检出率明显升高,重症患儿多发于年龄较大的患儿。     

Pure apraxia of speech - a case report -

Apraxia of speech (AOS) is the impairment of motor programming. However, the exact nature of this deficit remains unclear. In particular, AOS without other speech-language deficit is called pure AOS, but it is very rare. When diagnosing AOS, the characteristic of articulation is considered a crucial criterion, which has been proposed for differentiating AOS from phonological and dysarthric disorders. The present study reports on pure AOS in a 37-year-old right-handed male after a left insular, front, temporal infarction. This report may be useful for further AOS study and diagnosis in the clinical setting.