Comparative prevalence rates of sexually transmitted diseases in heterosexual and homosexual men

This study compared prevalence rates of most common sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in heterosexual and homosexual men who made respectively 12,201 and 5324 visits to an STD clinic over 18 months. Overall, homosexual men were significantly (p < 0.001) more likely than heterosexual men to have gonorrhea (30.31% vs. 19.83%), early syphilis (1.08% vs. 0.34%) and anal warts (2.90% vs. 0.26%) but less likely to have nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) (14.63% vs. 36.40%, p < 0.001), herpes genitalis (0.93% vs. 3.65%, p < 0.001), pediculosis pubis (4.30% vs. 5.35%, p < 0.005), scabies (0.42% vs. 0.76%, p < 0.02), and genital warts (1.68% vs. 6.69%, p < 0.001). In most cases the differences in rates remained significant (p < 0.05) when corrected for age and race. It is speculated that higher rates of gonorrhea and syphilis result from a larger mean number of sexual contacts, more potential sites of infection, and more hidden and asymptomatic disease, while the lower rates of the other STD result from a lesser susceptibility of anal mucosa to the causative agent(s) of NGU, herpes genitalis, and venereal warts or from a lack of pubic apposition (pediculosis pubis).     

Sexual response in women with complete spinal cord injury

Conclusions There is still much we do not know about sexuality and women with SCI. Nevertheless, positive steps are being taken to learn more about the physiological and interpersonal aspects of sexuality. Ultimately, these efforts will enhance the quality of life for women with SCI.     

Sexual functioning of women with complete spinal cord injury: Nursing implications

The Human Sexual Response Cycle and the neurological alteration in physiological sexual functioning of women following complete spinal cord injury is discussed. Nursing implications regarding current theoretical knowledge, its foundation in research and practical considerations for patient education is reviewed. Specific suggestions are also provided for the sexual concerns of birth control, lubrication issues, elimination problems, loss of motor and sensory control and changes in orgasmic function.     

胸腰段脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗方法的对比研究

目的观察前路手术入路和后路手术入路治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤的疗效。方法 2010年3月～2011年4月笔者所在医院治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者44例,随机分为两组,前路手术组和后路手术组,各22例。对两组患者治疗的疗效进行分析。结果两组患者经治疗后,前路手术组术后运动评分、触觉评分、cobb角、伤椎高度恢复情况好于后路手术组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论前路手术入路可让患者的脊髓功能得到良好的恢复,其疗效优于后路手术入路。     

Clinical observations in vibratory stimulation of the penis of men with spinal cord injury

Less than 10% of men with complete spinal cord injury experience ejaculation in intercourse. Vibratory stimulation of the penis triggers a predictable series of body reactions in most men with lessions above the thoracic 11th spinal cord level. These reactions are very similar to the physical manifestations of the sexual response in men with intact nervous systems. Between half and three quarters of men with lesions above the thoracic 11th spinal cord level ejaculate. The spermatozoa count is within the normal range. but the percentage of motile spermatozoa is low. The reactions leading to ejaculation take between 30 sec and 3 min and are characterized by rhythmic abdominal and leg spasms, lowered, then elevated pulse rates, elevation of blood pressure, and after the culmination of these experiences, relaxation, tiredness, and a general feeling of well-being. Autonomic dysreflexia (elevation of the blood pressure and severe headache) was avoided with preventive medication. The observations suggest that interrelated ejaculatory centers may be located in the thoracic 11th-and-below areas of the spinal cord. The vibratory stimulation technique has positive implications for both the reproductive and sexual needs of men with spinal cord injury and their partners.The authors acknowledge the generous grant of the Mr. & Mrs. P. A. Woodward Foundation toward the Fertility Project at the G. F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre and the University Hospital, Shaughnessy Site.     

Risk factors and the prevalence of depression in Mormon women

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Utah metropolitan area in which a random sample of white, married women with children 14 years of age or younger were interviewed by telephone. Information was obtained on possible risk factors for depression and depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Prevalence of depression was compared in Mormon women (N = 143) who have a high percentage of career homemakers and non-Mormon (N = 36) who have a high percentage of women working outside the home. No difference in prevalence of depression was noted. Risk factors for depression in Mormon women were also studied. After adjusting for confounding, the risk factors were: Less education, little perceived caring from spouse, perception of having less than good health and having a low income. These findings are compared to other studies.     

The prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence in women.

One thousand and sixty women aged 18 or over, randomly selected from a defined geographical area in South Wales, were interviewed at home about their urinary symptoms. Ninety-five per cent co-operated, of whom 45% admitted to some degree of incontinence. "Stress' incontinence was reported by 22% of women, "urge' incontinence by 10%, and both types combined--"complex'--by 14%. In most women urinary loss was both small and infrequent but 5% of all women experienced a loss sufficient to necessitate a change of clothes; in 2.6% such loss occurred daily. Over 3% of all women reported that incontinence interfered with their social or domestic life but only half of these had sought medical advice.     

Urinary symptoms: prevalence and severity in British men aged 55 and over.

OBJECTIVE--To measure the prevalence and severity of urinary symptoms among men aged 55 and over in the British population. DESIGN--Cross sectional population survey using a postal questionnaire. SETTING--North West Thames health region. SUBJECTS--1480 men aged 55 years and over randomly selected from 8 general practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Self reported frequency and severity of urinary symptoms, their bothersomeness and previous prostate surgery. RESULTS--The response rate among eligible subjects was 78%. The prevalence of moderate and severe symptoms was 204 per 1000, rising from 160 per 1000 in the 55-59 age group to 259 per 1000 in the 70-74 age group and declining after the age of 80 to 119 per thousand in the 85+ age group. Twelve per cent of men reported previous prostate surgery, and the probability of having had surgery increases steadily with age. About a third of those undergoing surgery have recurrence or persistence of symptoms after surgery. Of men with moderate and severe symptoms, 27.9% reported that their symptoms were a medium or big problem, 36.9% reported that their symptoms interfered with their daily activities at least some of the time, and 43.1% were unhappy or 'felt terrible' about the prospect of a future with their current symptoms. CONCLUSION--The prevalence of urinary symptoms in men is lower than previously reported, although there is a substantial number of men who are bothered by, or who find their lives adversely effected by them.     

Overnight and basal metabolic rates in men and women

The FAO/WHO/UNU recommendations for energy requirements assume that the energy cost of sleep is equal to the basal metabolic rate (BMR). We have tested the validity of this assumption by analysing overnight and BMR measurements made by whole-body indirect calorimetry. Data from 80 healthy subjects measured on a total of 246 occasions have been used. In a subgroup of 40 normal lean subjects the mean ratio of overnight metabolic rate (Overnight MR): BMR was 0.95 (range 0.85 - 1.02, s.d. 0.04). The mean ratio of lowest sleeping metabolic rate (Lowest SMR): BMR was 0.88 (range 0.83 - 0.96, s.d. 0.04). Ratios of Overnight MR: BMR were not significantly affected by different levels of exercise on the preceding day. This ratio was significantly higher for subjects who were obese, late pregnant or attached to ECG electrodes. With the exception of the late pregnant subjects these groups had the same Lowest SMR:BMR ratios as the normal lean subjects, indicating that the higher Overnight MR was caused by disturbed sleep. The data suggest that the use of BMR to estimate overnight energy expenditure would introduce an average overestimate of approximately 5 per cent during the actual hours of sleep, but that when applied over 24 h the error becomes negligible.     

远程康复对脊髓损伤患者生活质量和抑郁效果的META分析

目的 系统评价远程康复对脊髓损伤患者生活质量和抑郁情绪的影响。方法 检索中英文数据库,时间从建库至2021年2月。 纳入远程康复对脊髓损伤患者生活质量和抑郁的RCT,2名研究生对文献进行筛选、评价以及资料提取,并使用ReMan 5.3进行META分析。结果 共纳入11项研究,患者795例。远程康复干预六个月后生活质量（SMD=0.73,95%CI:0.19~1.27,P=0.008）差异有统计学意义,三个月内生活质量（SMD=1.03,95%CI:-0.14~2.21,P=0.09）、三个月内抑郁（SMD=-0.11,95%CI:-0.45~0.23,P=0.53）和六个月后抑郁（SMD=-0.35,95%CI:-0.95~0.25,P=0.26）差异均无统计学意义。结论 远程康复能够提高患者长期的生活质量,对短期生活质量和抑郁情绪的影响需进一步研究。     

An examination of stress among Aboriginal women and men with diabetes in Manitoba, Canada

In this study, a series of focus groups were conducted to gain an understanding of the nature of stress among Canadian Aboriginal women and men living with diabetes. Specifically, attention was given to the meanings Aboriginal peoples with diabetes attach to their lived experiences of stress, and the major sources or causes of stress in their lives. The key common themes identified are concerned not only with health-related issues (i.e. physical stress of managing diabetes, psychological stress of managing diabetes, fears about the future, suffering the complications of diabetes, and financial aspects of living with diabetes), but also with marginal economic conditions (e.g. poverty, unemployment); trauma and violence (e.g. abuse, murder, suicide, missing children, bereavement); and cultural, historical, and political aspects linked to the identity of being Aboriginal (e.g. 'deep-rooted racism', identity problems). These themes are, in fact, acknowledged not as mutually exclusive, but as intertwined. Furthermore, the findings suggest that it is important to give attention to diversity in the Aboriginal population. Specifically, Métis-specific stressors, as well as female-specific stressors, were identified. An understanding of stress experienced by Aboriginal women and men with diabetes has important implications for policy and programme planning to help eliminate or reduce at-risk stress factors, prevent stress-related illnesses, and enhance their health and life quality.     

Yes we have troubles but nobody's listening: Sexual issues of women with spinal cord injury

Information concerning the sexual functioning of SCI females is scarce—generally and in comparison to the literature on SCI males. In an effort to uncover recent trends in the provision of sexuality counseling services, numerous agencies, representing a national sample, offering rehabilitation programs to the SCI were contacted. Sixty-eight women who had sustained SCI within the past seven years responded to an anonymous questionnaire on the availability and perceived need for sexuality counseling services. Findings reveal less than half of the participants received some type of sex education or counseling post-injury. However, 85 percent believed that individual or group counseling and workshops would be beneficial to their sexual adjustment. Only in a minority of SCI women was there a marked decrease in sexual activity.     

Self-concept and sexuality of spinal cord injured women

Differences in perceived self-concept and sexual response before and after spinal cord injury were examined. Twenty-four women between the ages of 20 and 40 completed a questionnaire and participated in a brief taped interview. Most of the women viewed themselves as very or somewhat attractive and had been involved in a sexual relationship since injury. The majority viewed sexual relationships as very enjoyable, although many commented that changes in bowel and bladder function had inhibited sexual expression. The need for more effective sexual counseling was highlighted. A trend was noted for an interrelationship between sexuality and self-concept in adapting to acquired disability.The present study is based on a research paper submitted by the first two authors in partial fulfillment for the Master of Arts in Physical Therapy at Stanford University School of Medicine.     

Neurophysiology of sexual response in spinal cord injury

Commonalities and differences in the neurophysiology of sexual response in persons with spinal cord injuries and the non-cord injured are described. Recognition of individual differences and other implications for sex education and counseling with the spinal cord injured are presented.Preparation of this article was supported, in part, by Grant MH 14346-03, NIMH.     

脊髓损伤的康复护理

目的提高脊髓损伤致截瘫患者的生存率、生活能力和生活质量,增强生活的自信心,减少和预防并发症的发生.方法做好患者心理康复指导,鼓励和协助患者进行系统性康复功能训练,积极做好并发症的预防和康复护理.结果通过一系列的康复功能训练,提高了患者生活自理能力(进食、洗漱、排泄等)和生活质量,减轻了家庭和社会的负担.结论脊髓损伤患者通过心理康复指导,肢体早期康复功能训练,最大限度使用尚有运动功能的肌肉,来代偿已丧失的功能,消除和减轻患者功能上的障碍,还能促进肢体关节残存功能的恢复和重建,预防和减少了并发症的发生,达到了最大限度的适应独立生活和参与社会的能力,有着较大的社会效益和经济效益.