Pulmonary manifestations in rheumatic systemic diseases

Collagen based vascular diseases with pulmonary involvement comprise rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis and polymyositis, ankylosing spondylitis, Sj?gren's syndrome, and mixed connective tissue diseases. The different characteristics of pulmonary involvement are described. In such circumstances, early recognition of lung involvement is of considerable significance and the relationship to the corresponding disease has to be made. Frequently unrecognised pulmonary involvement ends up as fibrosis with irreversible deficits in respiratory function.     

乳腺占位病变的高场强MRI诊断价值

目的 :总结乳腺良恶性占位病变在高场强MRI的影像表现 ,评价高场强MRI对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法 :搜集1996～ 2 0 0 4年间经手术病理证实的 4 3例乳腺良恶性占位病变的MRI资料 ,分析其影像表现。结果 :典型乳腺良、恶性病变 ,高场强MR平扫即能准确诊断 ,而部分非典型良、恶性病灶 ,增强扫描形态、信号变化也有一定的重叠。结论 :MRI技术能够充分显示病变形态及与周围组织结构之间的关系 ,是建议活检或预防性手术的最有力的依据。但是 ,MRI平扫、增强技术对乳腺非典型病变 ,仍然有局限性     

CT在诊断乳房良性疾病中的应用

评价ＣＴ诊断乳房良性疾病的价值。方法４４例患者接受乳房ＣＴ扫描和钼靶摄片检查。对比分析这两种检查方法对乳房良性疾病的定位和定性准确性。所有病例经病理证实均为良性疾病。结果ＣＴ对乳房纤维瘤和乳房囊肿有明确诊断作用,对乳房深部病灶、乳房多发性多样良性病变的诊断优于钼靶摄片检查。     

PET/MR在心血管疾病中的应用进展

PET/MR作为新型的多模态成像技术,集合了MRI高软组织对比度、多序列、多参数、可定量和PET多分子探针显像的高灵敏度的优势,实现了PET分子功能影像与具有精细解剖结构和组织特征的MRI影像同步扫描,在多种心血管疾病中的应用和研究越来越广泛。笔者总结PET/MR心血管成像的优点和局限性,并探讨其在临床中的主要应用。     

磁共振成像和磁共振尿路造影对诊断输尿管病变的应用价值

目的探讨磁共振成像诊断对输尿管病变的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理学证实的58例输尿管病变的MR表现。结果原发性输尿管病变50例中,包括输尿管结石20例,肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻11例,输尿管炎性狭窄9例,输尿管癌7例,先天性输尿管囊肿2例和输尿管结核1例;继发性输尿管病变8例中,包括腹膜后纤维化2例,子宫体癌2例,胃癌腹膜后淋巴结转移1例,子宫内膜样癌术后腹膜后和盆腔淋巴结转移1例和医源性输尿管损伤2例。MRI和MRU证实,输尿管结石多表现为梗阻断端呈杯口状或鸟嘴状狭窄;肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻,断端多为盲端;输尿管炎性狭窄为渐进性节段性管腔变细;输尿管癌多为突然截断或偏心狭窄伴局部管壁增厚或软组织肿块;先天性输尿管囊肿的眼镜蛇和晕圈征具有特征性;输尿管结核典型者病变段输尿管管壁均匀增厚并呈环形强化,病肾见多发空洞;腹膜后纤维化在腹主动脉和下腔静脉前方及两侧由纤维团块包绕,将输尿管推向中线;腹膜后和盆腔淋巴结转移瘤多为异常信号肿块推移压迫病变段输尿管向两侧移位;此外,医源性输尿管损伤是依据确切的手术史诊断的。结论MRI和MRU相结合能直观、清晰地显示输尿管病变的部位、形态,具有较高的定性诊断准确性,并对制定手术方案有重要意义。     

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: use of MRI to guide needle biopsy

AIM: To describe the use of MRI to identify and biopsy areas of dedifferentiation in patients with a suspected diagnosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Low-grade chondrosarcoma is characterized at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as having a lobulate, hyperintense appearance on T2-weighted spin-echo sequences. T2-weighted MR images were assessed in 15 patients with a final pathological diagnosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma for regions of atypical reduced signal intensity. Information regarding the site of ultrasound or computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy was available in 10 cases. RESULTS: Nine patients were male and six female with a mean age of 60 years (range 25-77 years). The sites involved were the distal femur (n+4) pelvis (n=3) proximal femur (n=4) femoral diaphysis (n=1) proximal humerus (n=2) and proximal tibia (n=1). The dedifferentiated component consisted of osteosarcoma (n=5) malignant fibrous histiocytoma (n=6) spindle cell sarcoma (n=1) leiomyosarcoma (n=1) and pleomorphic sarcoma (n=1). In 14 of the 15 cases, areas of lower signal intensity lacking in lobulation were identified. In nine of the 10 cases, biopsy site included such areas and yielded high-grade sarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: Dedifferentiation within chondrosarcoma may be identified on T2-weighted MRI as areas of reduced signal intensity. These areas should be the preferred site of biopsy.     

MR扩散加权成像在甲状腺疾病诊断及监测中的应用研究进展

甲状腺疾病是临床常见的疾病,在内分泌系统疾病发病率最高,早发现、早诊断对指导临床治疗具有重要意义,其影像诊断是临床和影像科医生关注的重点和难点。MR扩散加权成像通过检测水分子扩散运动可实现对器官结构及功能改变的检测,近年来MR扩散加权成像在甲状腺疾病中诊断及监测的应用价值越来越受到认可。对近5年扩散加权成像技术的发展及其在甲状腺疾病中的应用作一综述。     

多层螺旋CT曲面重建在输尿管检查中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）曲面重建（CPR）尿路成像技术在某些输尿管疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法临床疑诊输尿管疾病的91例患者均经MSCT扫描,结合实际情况进行增强扫描后对原始图像进行1.5mm薄层重建,随后作输尿管曲面重建,逐例观察输尿管病变。结果 MSCTCPR尿路成像清晰显示病变侧输尿管的全程,并证实了91例可疑输尿管疾病患者中有单侧输尿管结石67例,双侧输尿管结石3例,单侧或双侧输尿管扭曲3例,单纯性单侧或双侧输尿管扩张12例,单侧输尿管狭窄2例,单侧输尿管囊肿2例,单侧输尿管癌1例,以及单侧输尿管误扎1例。结论 MSCTCPR技术可全面直观地显示输尿管全程,在输尿管疾病的定位和定性诊断中起重要作用。     

彩色多普勒超声在下肢动脉闭塞性疾病诊断中的作用

彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)在血管疾病的诊断中作为无创性血管造影检查当前已得到广泛应用,本文通过对41例(72条血管)下肢动脉闭塞性疾病患者的彩色多普勒血流显像与同期动脉造影对比分析,探讨彩色多普勒超声在下肢动脉闭塞性疾病诊断中的作用。1资料和方法1.1一般资料41例患者,男32例,女9例,年龄最大70岁,最小31岁,平均51岁;合并糖尿病、高血压、高血脂20例。大部分患者因下肢发凉、发麻、无力、疼痛来就诊,少数患者因下肢间歇性跛行、发紫、发黑、皮肤溃烂、伤口经久不愈来就诊。患者首先经彩色多普勒超声做出初步诊断,然后经下肢动脉造…