三维彩色多普勒超声诊断脐带打结2例

孕妇1,30岁,孕1产0.既往体健,孕早期超声检查及23周系统超声检查胎儿结构均未见异常.孕30+3周超声检查:二维超声显示脐带游离段成襻,局部堆积(图1A),脐动脉血流参数未见异常;三维彩色多普勒超声提示脐带打结(图1B).之后每周例行产检未见异常.孕37+5周超声检查:胎心监护基线变异消失,同时有多发减速,超声监测...     

Three-dimensional power Doppler sonography in the prenatal diagnosis of a true knot of the umbilical cord: value and limitations.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the value of 3-dimensional power Doppler sonography in the prenatal diagnosis of a true knot of the umbilical cord. METHODS: Cases in which the diagnosis of a true knot of the umbilical cord was suspected by prenatal 2-dimensional sonography were reviewed. The presumably affected segment of the cord was examined with 3-dimensional power Doppler sonography for further characterization. Confirmation of the prenatal diagnosis was sought by reviewing the delivery records and contacting the referring obstetrician and the patients themselves. RESULTS: Eight consecutive cases were studied. Three-dimensional power Doppler sonography displayed a vascular spatial configuration pattern consistent with a true knot of the umbilical cord in all of them. However, the prenatal diagnosis was confirmed at delivery in only 5 cases (62.5%). Although there were no cases of a false knot mimicking a true knot of the umbilical cord, all incorrect diagnoses in this series were associated with multiple loops of the umbilical cord in the third trimester. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional power Doppler sonography seems to be helpful in determining the presence of a true knot of the umbilical cord in utero, especially in the second trimester. However, this should not be considered a definitive method for the diagnosis because multiple loops of the umbilical cord lying close to each other can generate a sonographic image that can be undistinguishable from a true knot of the umbilical cord prenatally, especially when located in a small pocket of amniotic fluid. Therefore, the presumable diagnosis of a true knot of the umbilical cord in utero should be taken with caution.     

产前3D彩色多普勒超声在脐带真结节评估中的应用价值

目的探讨产前3D彩色多普勒高分辨仿真血流模式在脐带真结节评估中的应用价值。 方法选取2019年1月至2019年6月于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院超声科产检并于产前拟诊为脐带打结的胎儿6例，6例均于产后得到证实。所有病例均行二维超声及彩色多普勒超声检查，可疑脐带打结时，应用3D高分辨仿真血流进行观察。对6例脐带真结节病例的超声影像学表现进行分析。 结果6例病例中，1例为单绒毛膜单羊膜囊双胎，余均为单胎；5例剖宫产结束妊娠，1例自然分娩。6例脐带真结节病例中，1例单绒毛膜单羊膜囊双胎的两胎儿脐带互相缠绕形成双"8"字、类似中国结样复杂的结节特征，5例单胎胎儿表现为单个"8"字结样特征，其中2例伴脐带局部增粗、水肿及脐带囊肿，1例同时合并脐带静脉血栓。 结论对于可疑脐带打结及存在高危因素的病例，需重点探查脐带以减少漏诊脐带真结节；3D彩色多普勒高分辨仿真血流技术可立体、直观显示脐带形态结构及血流，有助于脐带真结节的确定诊断。     

Cord entanglement of monochorionic diamniotic twins following spontaneous antepartum septostomy sonographically simulating a true knot of the umbilical cord.

Spontaneous antepartum septostomy occurring in monochorionic diamniotic twins is extremely rare. We present a case in which prenatal sonography at 26 weeks' gestation depicted a monochorionic diamniotic twin gestation with concordant fetal growth and findings suggestive of a true knot of the umbilical cord. At Cesarean delivery at 34 weeks' gestation, spontaneous antepartum septostomy with entanglement of the two separate umbilical cords was noted. This case suggests that the differential diagnosis of findings considered consistent with a true knot of the umbilical cord in monochorionic diamniotic twin gestations, should include spontaneous antepartum septostomy and umbilical cord entanglement.     

脐带打结的超声诊断及其对胎儿围产期结局的影响

目的 分析超声对脐带打结的产前诊断价值及脐带打结与围产期结局的关系.方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月间在安徽医科大学第一附属医院妊娠晚期出生或引产胎儿的产前超声及相关临床资料.总结分析脐带打结发生率及其与围产期结局的关系、产前二维超声和三维超声对脐带打结的诊断价值并归纳其声像图特征;并以产后诊断有脐带打...     

彩色多普勒超声诊断精索病变的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在精索病变诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值。方法分别在阴囊、阴囊根部及腹股沟部进行超声扫查,观察精索径线的大小、声像图表现及血流情况。结果精索静脉曲张35例、精索炎36例、精索鞘膜积液25例及精索肿瘤3例,各有其声像图特征表现。结论彩色多普勒超声对于精索疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断,具有重要的临床价值。     

子宫角部位妊娠的超声诊断及其误诊分析

目的总结超声在诊断宫角部位妊娠过程中的经验教训。方法回顾性分析12例宫角部位妊娠病例的临床与声像图特点。结果12例中仅1例由超声直接明确诊断,2例经临床观察及反复超声检查最终由阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断,其余均在术后确诊。结论超声可以为临床早期诊断宫角部妊娠提供影像学依据,经阴道彩色多普勒超声可作为该类疾病诊断的首选方法。     

彩色多普勒超声在移植肾肾周液性病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在移植肾肾周液性病变鉴别诊断中的价值。方法538例肾移植患者应用彩色多普勒超声检查,对检出的74例肾周液性病变患者进行回顾性分析。结果超声检查出移植肾肾周单纯性积液42例、肾周血肿12例、髂窝血肿4例、肾周脓肿2例、尿瘘12例、淋巴囊肿1例、移植肾动脉与髂动脉吻合口假性动脉瘤1例。结论彩色多普勒超声动态监测对移植肾肾周液性病变的鉴别诊断具有重要意义,超声引导下穿刺有利于解决临床诊断和治疗问题。     

A COMPLEX TRUE KNOT OF THE UMBILICAL CORD

SUMMARY A case of cord presentation associated with the presence of a complex true knot is described and the aetiology and risks reconsidered.     

彩色多普勒超声在精索扭转诊断鉴别诊断中的应用研究进展

在泌尿外科中,精索扭转是导致急性阴囊胀痛常见致病因素,在临床中极易出现漏诊及误诊情况。在以往的评估诊断中大多采用常规超声辅助检查,但该项检测不能够对微小血管及低速血流进行准确显示,进而不利于病情准确判定。彩色多普勒超声属于一种新型的超声检查技术,本研究通过对精索扭转患者采用彩色多普勒超声诊断,进而对其应用价值展开综述。     

胎儿脐带绕颈的4251例彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的应用彩色多普勒超声诊断脐带绕颈,从而探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断胎儿脐带绕颈的准确率,分析误诊原因,对其临床诊断、治疗及分娩方式提供依据。方法应用彩色多普勒对18 269例孕妇产前超声检查检出脐带绕颈与胎儿分娩后结果进行对照分析。结果本院12 869名孕妇产前检查,分娩后脐带绕颈者4 530例,占分娩总数的24.80%,超声诊断脐带绕颈4 251例,诊断准确率93.84%。结论彩色多普勒超声对胎儿脐带绕颈诊断安全、可靠,准确率高,具有相当重要的价值。为临床选择分娩方式及降低围产儿病死率提供了可靠的依据,具有积极的指导意义。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声对输卵管妊娠及妊娠黄体的鉴别诊断

目的探讨阴道彩色多普勒超声对输卵管妊娠及妊娠黄体的鉴别诊断价值。方法分析46例输卵管妊娠及妊娠黄体的阴道彩色多普勒超声图像特点。结果 46例患者术前均行阴道彩色多普勒超声检查提示为输卵管妊娠,其中44例与手术及病理组织学符合,阴道彩色多普勒超声与病理组织学符合率为95.65%;2例术前阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断输卵管妊娠,手术中证实为妊娠黄体,1周后确诊为宫内妊娠。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查对输卵管妊娠与妊娠黄体的鉴别诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

常规超声和超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变定性诊断的有用性评估

目的评估常规超声(B型超声 彩色多普勒超声)和超声造影(CEUS)在肝脏局灶性病变(FLL)定性诊断中的有用性。方法模拟日常超声检查工作情景检测常规超声和CEUS对305例FLL的定性诊断性能和诊断者的信心强度。CEUS采用造影剂SonoVue和对比脉冲序列成像技术。结果常规超声和CEUS的诊断正确率对肝细胞性肝癌分别为86.8%、88.6%,对转移性肝癌分别为97.6%、99.2%。对肝内胆管癌、血管瘤、局灶性结节增生、肝硬化结节、不均匀脂肪肝和其他病变,诊断正确率常规超声为26.2%～71.9%,CEUS为46.4%～92.9%,可相应提高19～25个百分点。对所有病变,CEUS均较大幅度地增强了诊断者的信心强度。结论在病灶回声表现典型、同时存在有力支持诊断的临床资料和伴随声像的条件下,常规超声定性诊断FLL的准确程度与CEUS相当,并不一定需要做造影检查。如不具备上述条件,CEUS是值得推荐的。     

高频彩超在小儿肠套叠中的诊治价值

目的探讨高频彩超在小儿肠套叠中的诊治价值。方法选取2017年6月至2018年6月我院收治的74例疑似小儿肠套叠患儿,分别应用腹部X片和高频彩超进行诊断。比较两种诊断方法的诊断结果、特异度、符合率、灵敏度、诊断时间及费用。结果金标准结果显示,本研究患者中,阳性37例,阴性37例,腹部X片真阳性率及真阴性率低于高频彩超,假阳性率高于高频彩超,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);高频彩超诊断的特异度、符合率、灵敏度高于腹部X线诊断,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹部X线的诊断时间短于高频彩超(P<0.05),但两种诊断方式的诊断费用比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对小儿肠套叠患儿进行高频彩超诊断,可降低漏诊、误诊率,具有较高的特异度、符合率、灵敏度,且应用价值高,可在临床进一步推广和应用。     

Two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis of penetrating missile wounds of the heart: chronic complications from intracardiac course of a bullet.

Two-dimensional echocardiography has gained a role in the management of the acute complications of penetrating cardiac trauma and in precisely localizing retained bullet fragments within the heart. We report the case of an 8-year-old boy with chronic symptoms after a bullet wound. In this case, traumatic mitral regurgitation caused by mitral leaflet perforation and retention of the bullet in the tricuspid annulus occurred because of an unusual intracardiac course of the projectile. The diagnosis was made by transthoracic echocardiography. The ability of two-dimensional echocardiography to delineate the true location of the foreign body within the heart and Doppler ultrasound to identify mitral valve perforation helped guide a prompt, efficient, and successful surgical procedure.     

介入性超声鉴别诊断后方衰减乳腺肿瘤良恶性的应用价值

目的探讨介入性超声鉴别诊断后方衰减乳腺肿瘤良恶性的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月本院彩色多普勒超声检查提示肿瘤后方衰减的131例乳腺肿瘤患者的临床资料。患者均接受介入性超声、彩色多普勒超声检查、术后病理检查,统计分析介入性超声和彩色多普勒超声对乳腺肿瘤良恶性的诊断结果及诊断效能。结果以术后病理检查结果作为金标准。介入性超声检查恶性乳腺肿瘤的灵敏度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均显著高于彩色多普勒超声检查,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两种检查方法的特异度比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论介入性超声鉴别诊断后方衰减乳腺肿瘤良恶性的应用价值高,值得临床推广。     

超声对颈部神经鞘瘤诊断及鉴别诊断的价值

目的 回顾分析21例颈部神经鞘瘤的超声表现，总结其声像图特征及鉴别诊断。方法 21例病人均经手术病理证实，常规进行二维超声检查，记录其大小，回声类型，边界，均匀度，后方回声等声像图表现，其中10例应用了彩色多普勒血流成像检测肿瘤的血供情况。结果 21例颈部神经鞘瘤均为单发，声像图以低回声多见，伴有退行性变者，可表现为囊实性混合回声，肿瘤边界清晰，内部回声多为不均匀成欠均匀，彩色多普勒显示其血供丰富。结论 二维超声结合彩色多普勒超声对于颈部神经鞘瘤的诊断具有很大帮助。     

Umbilical cord edema associated with patent urachus.

Umbilical cord anomalies can often be detected prenatally by ultrasound, but a definitive prenatal diagnosis is not always possible. We present a case with increasing edema of the Wharton's jelly followed by the development of pseudocysts in the proximal umbilical cord due to a patent urachus. The first abnormal findings were detected by ultrasound in the 14th week of gestation. Differential diagnoses and their influence on surveillance and birth management are discussed.     

Prenatally detected umbilical cord tumor as a sign of diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis

We report a case of a prenatally detected hemangioma of the umbilical cord as an early sign of diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis (DNH). The newborn was diagnosed with multiple hemangiomas in the liver, intestines, skin, and brain. Prenatal ultrasound findings, neonatal appearance of the hemangiomas, and the associated complications are illustrated. Interdisciplinary investigations as well as operative and systemic treatment approaches proved to be challenging. This case illustrates how prenatal ultrasound with color Doppler facilitates the early diagnosis of DNH and can help through the early referral to specialized centers for appropriate treatment.     

彩色多普勒超声在团块型胆囊癌与肝细胞癌鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在团块型胆囊癌与肝细胞癌鉴别诊断中的价值。方法采用彩色多普勒超声检测胆囊癌32例与肝细胞癌41例,全部病例均经手术病理证实,观察两组肿块血流分布情况并进行比较。结果32例胆囊癌中17例为团块型(53.13%),17例团块型胆囊癌中12例(70.58%)肿块见丰富血流信号,血流呈数条穿支状或呈多条放射状自肿块周边伸入内部,似“网篮状”改变,41例肝细胞癌中22例(53.66%)彩色多普勒测及丰富血流信号,肿块内部见弥漫分布的粗索条状与多发性粗点状血流信号,呈“礼花状”改变。结论彩色多普勒超声在团块型胆囊癌与肝细胞癌鉴别诊断中具有一定的临床意义。