血浆ET与ANF在急性胰腺炎早期发病中的作用及意义

目的探讨内皮素(ET)与心钠素(ANF)在急性胰腺炎(AP)早期发病中的作用及临床意义.方法采用放射免疫分析测定急性发病期(24～48)h轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)35例,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)17例和正常对照组(NC)30例的血浆内皮素与心钠素的含量.Imrie评分＞3分,APACHE Ⅱ评分≥8分者为SAP.结果SAP患者Imrie评分和APACHE Ⅱ评分明显高于MAP患者(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).SAP患者血浆ET水平(59.20±10.69)pg/ml明显增高,MAP患者血浆ET水平(34.20±9.44)pg/ml明显降低,两组之间比较以及与NC组比较具有非常显著差异(P＜0.001).SAP和MAP患者血浆ANF分别为(155.76±34.24)pg/ml,(181.59±58.15)pg/ml,与NC组(165.51±57.16)pg/ml比较无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论ET可能参与了SAP早期胰腺微循环障碍,对胰腺组织具有内源性损伤作用.提示早期给予拮抗ET或ET-A受体的药物,可能有利于减轻胰腺组织损害,改善胰腺微循环,防止胰腺出血坏死性改变.ANF可能对AP早期的胰腺血循环无明显影响.     

急性胰腺炎男性患者入院睾酮水平分析

目的:分析急性胰腺炎男性患者血清睾酮水平变化。方法:纳入急性胰腺炎男性患者154例,其中包括128例轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP组)和26例重症急性胰腺炎(SAP组),同期34例体检健康男性为对照组(HC组),常规测定其临床生化指标,并使用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法检测各组血清睾酮(T)水平。结果:与HC组相比,MAP组和SAP组血清T水平均降低(P<0.05或0.01),且SAP患者组血清T水平明显低于MAP组(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示血清T水平对AP和SAP患者均具有一定的诊断价值。结论:AP男性患者血清T水平明显降低,且SAP患者下降更明显,血清T水平或可作为AP的早期诊断指标。     

尿IL-18及NGAL在重症急性胰腺炎患者并发急性肾损伤的早期诊断价值

目的探讨尿IL-18及NGAL对急性重症胰腺炎(SAP)患者合并急性肾损伤(AKI)的早期诊断价值。方法 145例急性胰腺炎(AP)患者分为轻型、重型(MAP、SAP)2组,SAP组分非AKI亚组及AKI亚组,设正常对照组。采用ELISA法测定对照组及AP患者发病后12~18 h尿NGAL、IL-18水平。结果尿IL-18在MAP组高于对照组(P<0.05),SAP组明显高于MAP组(P<0.01);尿NGAL在SAP组的AKI亚组明显高于非AKI亚组(P<0.01)。结论尿IL-18水平可以反应AP炎症的严重程度,尿NGAL可以作为SAP合并AKI早期潜在的标记物。     

缺血性脑血管病患者血浆ET、CGRP的含量变化及临床意义

目的 :探讨急性脑梗塞患者血浆内皮素 (ET)、降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的水平变化 ,以阐明生物活性肽与缺血性卒中之间的关系及作用机制。方法 :应用放射免疫分析 (RIA)检测 36例患者和 32例正常对照血浆ET、CGRP的浓度。结果 :急性早期患者血浆ET(10 3 11± 2 8 2 7)ng/L、CGRP(30 5 4± 13 4 6 )ng/L与正常对照组 (4 7 5 9± 7 0 9)ng/L和 (4 8 6 7± 15 30 )ng/L两者相比较均有显著性差异 (p <0 0 1)。而早期与恢复期患者对照比较亦有显著性差异 (p <0 0 1)。血浆ET升高和CGRP下降在病程短病灶大及伴高血压的患者较病程长病灶小及不伴高血压者更明显。大梗塞灶血浆ET、CGRP水平呈负相关 (r =- 0 6 82 ,p <0 0 5 )。其ET/CGRP比值随着病程延长而下降 (p <0 0 1)。 结论 :急性脑梗塞患者存在着ET与CGRP对脑血管内皮功能影响 ,动态检测其血浆中含量有助于判断病情的程度     

丹参治疗重症急性胰腺炎的血液流变学及其相关指标的实验研究

目的 :观察丹参对犬重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)的血液流变学及其相关指标的影响。方法 :实验分三组 :正常对照组 (NC)、重症急性胰腺炎组 (SAP)和复方丹参干预组 (TS)。用 5 %牛磺胆酸钠和牛胰蛋白酶混合液胰管注入 ,制备犬SAP模型。TS组于模型制备后 15min和 12h分别静脉滴注复方丹参(2ml/kg)。术后动态观察各组以下指标 :血液流变学、血小板活化因子(PAF)、血栓素A2 (TXA2 )、前列腺素I2 (PGI2 )、内皮素 (ET)和一氧化氮(NO)。结果 :SAP组TXA2 、PGI2 、ET、NO、PAF较NC组显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,血液流变学指标也有显著的改变 (P <0 .0 1) ;复方丹参对各项指标均有不同的影响 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :血液流变性、炎性介质PAF、二对血管活性物质TXA2 /PGI2 和ET/NO均是介导SAP胰腺血循环障碍的重要因素 ,复方丹参是有效的治疗措施之一。     

妊高征患者相关血管活性物质测定的临床意义

目的：检测妊高征患者血浆ET、CGRP及NO含量,探讨其与内皮细胞功能的关系及临床意义。方法：ET、CGRP及NO3项指标均采用放射免疫分析。结果：血浆ET、CGRP及NO水平正常妊娠组与正常非孕组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;轻度妊高征组与正常妊娠组比较也无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;中及重度妊高征两组则3项指标与正常妊娠组比较均存在极显著性差异（P均〈0．01）。结论：妊高征患者血浆ET、CGRP和NO浓度的变化,为研究其发病机理提供了有价值的实验室依据。     

脑蛛网膜下腔出血患者血浆中NO和ET的动态观察及其临床意义

通过测定一氧化氮 (NO)和内皮素 (ET)在脑蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)患者血浆中含量的变化 ,探讨二者在SAH中的作用。应用放射免疫方法测定和观察 40例SAH患者急性期和恢复期血浆中NO、ET含量的变化并与2 0名正常人 (对照组 )进行比较。结果表明SAH急性期血浆中NO水平显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,ET水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;恢复期血浆中NO水平有所提高 ,高于急性期 (P <0 .0 1) ,但与对照组无统计学意义(P >0 .0 5 ) ,ET水平仍明显高于对照组 ,具有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,但略低于急性期 ,无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。NO和ET参与了SAH的病理生理过程 ,检测血浆NO和ET水平有助于病情的观察 ,正常情况下NO/ET比值处于动态平衡 ,急性期NO/ET比值下降 ,恢复期NO/ET比值上升     

内皮素和一氧化氮/一氧化氮酶检测对老年糖尿病与血管病变患者临床价值的研究

探讨内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮/一氧化氮酶( NO/NOS)在糖尿病与血管病变患者中的变化。ET采用放射免疫分析法,NO/NOS采用酶法。结果是:(1)糖尿病组ET水平(68.80±37.35)pg/mL)较对照组(41.70±21.50pg/mL)显著升高(P<0.001);NOS水平(2.75±1.49U/mL)明显高于对照组(1.12±0.56U/mL),P<0.01;NO水平(49.32± 16.32μmol/L)明显低于对照组(54.60 ±15.60μmol/L),P<0.05。(2)糖尿病合并血管病变组ET水(80.1140.25pg/mL)显著高于无并发症组(62.73±24.29pg/mL),P<0.001;NOS水平(4.02 ± 0.59U/mL)明显高于无并发症组(2.51±1.19U/mL),P<0.001;NO水平(42.25 ± 10.10/μmol/L)明显低于无并发症组(52.16±14.59mol/L,P<0.05;NO/NOS(11.99±7.05)明显低于无并发症组(26.9±13.15),P<0.001提示 ET、NO/NOS与糖尿病的发生和发展有关,联合检测不仅可作为糖尿病及其血管并发症的重要依据,还将有助于糖尿病合并血管病变的预防和治疗。     

重症急性胰腺炎肠系膜微循环变化及加贝酯、长托宁干预的实验研究

目的 探讨长托宁(Penehyclidine Hydrochloride,PH)、加贝酯(Gabexate Mesilate ,GM)对SD大鼠重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)肠系膜微循环的干预机制.方法 SD大鼠160只,随机分为假手术组(SO组)、胰腺炎模型组(SAP组)、胰腺炎GM干预组(GM组)、胰腺炎PH干预组(PH组)、胰腺炎GM联合PH干预组(GM PH组).观测2、6、12、24 h胰腺、腹水量变化,血清一氧化氮(NO)与内皮素(ET)水平及肠系膜微血管(微静脉毛细血管)形态、流态、血管周围状态.结果 SAP组腹水量、NO、ET及肠系膜微血管清晰度、管径、流速、周围血管出血、渗出与SO组比有显著差异(P<0.01).GM、PH、GM PH组与SAP组比较:腹水量、NO、ET、周围血管出血、渗出明显减少(P<0.01);微血管清晰度、管径、流速有显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01).GM PH组与GM、PH组比较:腹水量、NO、ET、周围血管出血、渗出明显减少(P<0.05);微血管管径、流速有显著增加(P<0.05).结论 PH、GM合用药效增强,有改善SAP肠系膜微循环功能及减轻SAP作用.     

缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压的疗效评价及对血管活性物质的影响

目的:观察缬沙坦治疗高血压的疗效及对血浆内皮素-1(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的影响。方法:通过治疗45例轻-中度高血压病人,观察血压变化情况,其中25例完成了24小时动态血压监测,并测定治疗前后的ET和CGRP的水平。结果:高血压治疗组总有效率80.0％,动态血压监测结果显示:昼夜平均收缩压和舒张压明显下降,收缩压和舒张压的谷峰比值均>50％,治疗后的ET水平下降(P<0.05),CGRP显著上升(P<0.01)。结论:缬沙坦治疗轻-中度高血压有良好疗效,且对患者ET及CGRP分泌有明显改善作用。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964