中老年正常体检者188名营养状况评价

目的：对188名干部进行膳食营养状况评价，找出营养缺陷，以便提供老年人合理营养处方。方法：对188名干部进行膳食营养状况评价。男155名，女33名，年龄39～88岁；以询问法对所有人进行膳食调查，体格检查；实验室检查血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油。结果：膳食调查结果显示膳食脂肪占总热能的比例为29．91％，碳水化合物比例为53．57％；体格检查结果显示老干部体重超重的占64．3％，营养不良的仅为2．3％；生化检查显示平均血糖值高于正常值，70岁以上组尿素氮、肌酐、胆固醇、尿酸、纤维蛋白原、白细胞均高于70岁以下组，而总蛋白、白蛋白及三酰甘油、血红蛋白70岁以上组较低，两组比较除尿素氮、肌酐、胆固醇、尿酸外各项指标均无显性差异。结论：老干部膳食结构需要调整，应降低膳食脂肪摄入量，适当提高碳水化合物比例；增加体力活动，降低体质量，减少超重和肥胖，预防糖尿病发生；定期检查营养状况；老年干部应随年龄增长注意定期复查肾功能。     

老年住院患者膳食摄入与营养状况调查

目的 调查医院膳食营养供应状况、老年住院患者营养状况及营养摄入状况.方法 选择2019年1月至2020年6月入住安徽省立医院老年科的患者,评估患者营养状况;探究膳食营养供应是否合理、评价膳食质量以及探究膳食营养是否可以满足患者营养需求,进一步分析患者营养摄入不足的原因.结果 老年住院患者营养不良发生率,营养风险与营养良...     

十堰市2 107名体检者钙营养状况调查

目的：了解十堰市人群钙营养的现况以及我们的对策。方法：以2107名体检者为研究对象,通过测定成人骨源性碱性磷酸酶（ABAP）来判定钙营养相关指标。结果：人群总缺钙率为28.72%,其中男性为27.66%,女性为30.60%,性别之间差异无显著性。对不同年龄组进行比较,差异有显著性。对〈60岁和≥60岁两组进行比较,差异有显著性。结论：人群缺钙现象比较严重,特别是60岁以上的中老年人、尤其是女性更加严重。应定期进行钙营养状况监测,在医生的指导下,合理补充钙剂,以确保身体健康。     

中老年住院患者骨密度及膳食营养状况调查及评价

目的 对内分泌科住院中老年患者骨密度情况及膳食营养状况进行调查,以便指导并改善患者骨量异常情况.方法 选取内分泌科56名住院患者,分别测量身高、体重、腰围、骨密度、血钙等指标;调查日常3d膳食情况;对运动、饮酒、吸烟、饮牛奶及补充维生素D等生活方式用询问记录处理.分析骨质疏松与膳食营养的相关性.结果 随年龄增长,骨量异常总体发生率增高,女性大于男性.老年人对于钙剂、蛋白质的摄入水平均较中年组低,均较每日推荐摄入量低.结论 改变膳食结构,增加豆类、奶类及其制品,增加优质动植物蛋白质的日常摄入量并适度运动,以改善中老年人骨量异常状况.     

肾移植术后患者的营养状况评价

目的:调查肾移植术后患者的营养状况,探寻合理的临床营养治疗方案。方法:抽取2002-10/2006-09于江苏省中医院住院的肾移植术后1个月患者40例,患者均知情同意,配合各种测量、检查。调查内容:①膳食调查:采用饮食称重法。蛋白质应为总热量的30%～35%,碳水化合物应为50%～60%,脂肪应为10%～15%。②人体测量:包括身高、体质量、三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂围、上臂肌围。③生化实验室检查:包括血浆白蛋白、血胆固醇、血糖、血尿酸、血钾、血钠、总淋巴细胞计数。结果:40例患者全部进入结果分析,无脱落。①肾移植术后患者膳食结构不合理,其中脂肪(38%)和蛋白质(17%)摄入量超标,碳水化合物(45%)摄入不足。②40例患者中高血糖者9例(占22.5%),胆固醇、三酰甘油升高者28例(占70%),血尿酸升高者18例(占45%)。结论:通过营养评价可为改善肾移植术后患者营养状况提供依据,指导患者平衡膳食,维持理想的营养状况。     

100例老年住院病人的营养状况调查及评价

为了解目前老年住院病人的膳食结构和营养状况，为预防和治疗老年性疾病提供依据。于2003年10月～12月对在我院住院的100名老年内科患者进行了为期三天的膳食调查、人体测量和血生化检查。     

肾病综合征患者的营养状况评价及饮食指导

1．1 对象 随机选择本院住院的肾病综合征(NS)68例．男38例，女30例，年龄14～67岁，平均42．5岁。     

280名中学生膳食营养状况分析

中学生时代不仅是生长发育较快的时期,机体各种新陈代谢旺盛,所需要的各种能量和营养素相对较多,尤其是碳水化合物、脂类、蛋白质、矿物质、维生素等营养素,而且拥有着繁重的学习任务和激烈的竞争压力,膳食及营养状况能否满足他们直接影响到他们的学习与生活,现对某校中学生的营养知识及膳食营养状况进行调查分析,为指导中学生合理膳食提供科学依据。现报告如下：     

微型营养评价法评价消化系统住院老人的营养状况

目的:用微型营养评价法(MNA)调查消化内科老年住院患者营养状况,为临床治疗与营养干预提供理论依据.方法:对549例消化内科老年(年龄≥60岁)住院患者的营养状况,采用MNA问卷进行评定.结果:消化系统疾病老年人营养不良发生率为32.06%,潜在营养不良发生率为46.27%,营养状况良好为21.67%.根据Pearson相关分析,MNA与BMI、MAC、CC、LC、RBC、TP、ALB呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05),与PA无显著的相关关系;根据t检验,不同营养状况的老年患者的各项传统营养指标除PA外均有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:消化系统疾病老年住院患者营养不良发生率高,MNA可以作为一种简便的消化内科老年患者营养状况评估方法.     

Hyperinsulinemia and blood pressure in non-obese middle-aged subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

A possible link between hyperinsulinemia and blood pressure was studied in non-obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. First, the responses in plasma glucose and serum insulin to an oral glucose load (75-g oral glucose tolerance test) were compared between 42 patients with essential hypertension and 93 normotensive control subjects. Second, of the 93 normotensive subjects, the relations of serum insulin levels to blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were assessed in 8 hyperinsulinemic (serum insulin level [during fasting, or after glucose loading, or both] greater than 2 S.D. higher than the mean) and 8 pair-matched normoinsulinemic subjects (serum insulin level within 1 S.D. of the mean), individually matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Plasma glucose and serum insulin responses to the glucose load in hypertensive subjects were identical to the respective responses in normotensive subjects, while the mean total serum cholesterol level was slightly higher (p less than 0.05) in hypertensive subjects. The respective values for systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and total serum cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were comparable in hyperinsulinemic and normoinsulinemic subjects. These results did not suggest a close association between hyperinsulinemia and elevated blood pressure in non-obese middle-aged Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance.     

Microdose study of 14C-acetaminophen with accelerator mass spectrometry to examine pharmacokinetics of parent drug and metabolites in healthy subjects

A study of the pharmacokinetics of (14)C-labeled acetaminophen (AAP) was performed in healthy Japanese subjects receiving an oral microdose of the drug. After separation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the levels of AAP and its metabolites in the pooled plasma specimens were quantified using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The total body clearance (CL(tot))/bioavailability (F) of AAP was within the variation in the reported values at therapeutic doses, indicating the linearity of AAP pharmacokinetics. AAP-glucuronide (Glu) and AAP-4-O-sulfate satisfied the criteria of safety testing of drug metabolites. AMS could detect AAP-Cys, the active metabolite of AAP conjugated with cysteine, in the urine. Probenecid prolonged the systemic elimination of total radioactivity and caused a marked decrease in AAP-Glu levels in plasma. Probenecid likely inhibited the glucuronidation of AAP and the renal elimination of AAP-4-O-sulfate. Microdosing of (14)C-labeled drug followed by AMS is a powerful tool that can be used in the early phase of drug development for pharmacokinetic analysis of drugs and their metabolites and for detecting the formation of active metabolites in humans.     

Steady-state plasma and bronchopulmonary characteristics of clarithromycin extended-release tablets in normal healthy adult subjects

OBJECTIVES: The steady-state concentrations of clarithromycin in plasma were compared with concomitant concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from intrapulmonary samples during bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Concentrations of the major metabolite, 14-hydroxyclarithromycin, were also determined in plasma and AM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two healthy, non-smoking adult subjects (age: 18-54 years; 19 females, 23 males) received oral clarithromycin extended-release formulation (1000 mg once daily for five consecutive days). Bronchoscopy and BAL were carried out once in each subject at either 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 or 48 h after the last administered dose of clarithromycin. In addition, three subjects who did not take clarithromycin served as controls and underwent bronchoscopy at 0 h. Drug concentrations in plasma, ELF, and AM were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Clarithromycin was extensively concentrated in ELF [range of mean (+/-s.d.) concentrations: 6.38 +/- 3.92 to 11.50 +/- 6.65 mg/L] and AM (127.0 +/- 61.5 to 573.8 +/- 309.3 mg/L) than simultaneous plasma concentration (0.75 +/- 0.31 to 2.22 +/- 0.72 mg/L). The ranges of mean (+/-s.d.) concentrations of 14-hydroxyclarithromycin in plasma and AM were 0.52 +/- 0.29 to 0.80 +/- 0.31 mg/L and 22.1 +/- 13.5 to 49.5 +/- 16.2 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily dosing of extended-release formulation clarithromycin 1000 mg produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher steady-state concentrations of clarithromycin in ELF (2-14 times) and AM (50-700 times) compared to simultaneous plasma concentrations throughout the 24 h period after drug administration. The 14-hydroxy metabolite of clarithromycin achieved significantly (P < 0.05) higher steady-state concentrations in AM (18-180 times) compared with concurrent plasma concentrations.     

Existence of TT virus DNA in extracellular body fluids from normal healthy Japanese subjects

Although recent studies indicate a high prevalence (12-92%) of TT virus (TTV) DNA in sera of healthy Japanese individuals, there is a paucity of information regarding the route of transmission of this virus. Analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the existing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers of TTV DNA, we developed a set of noble primers (HM-1) and looked for the prevalence of TTV DNA in sera from 39 normal healthy Japanese individuals using PCR. The existence of TTV DNA was also checked in saliva, urine, sweat, stool, and tears from 11 and in semen from 10 serum TTV-positive normal subjects. TTV DNA was detected in sera from 23 of 39 (59.0%) normal subjects. TTV DNA was also detected in saliva, stool, semen and tears from all cases with TTV-DNA-positive serum, but not in body fluids from subjects with TTV-DNA-negative serum. TTV DNA remained undetected in urine and sweat from all cases. Data from these experiments showing the existence of TTV DNA in different body fluids suggest that the high rates of prevalence of TTV among normal healthy subjects might be due to a possible fecal-oral, droplet, or sexual route of transmission of TTV.     

Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety evaluation of an accelerated dose titration regimen of sotalol in healthy middle-aged subjects.

BACKGROUND: Current labeling recommends that therapy with sotalol be initiated in a monitored setting at 80 mg every 12 hours for 2 to 3 days, followed by 120 to 160 mg every 12 hours for at least 2 days before safety and efficacy can be ascertained and patients discharged. An accelerated titration regimen that shortens hospital stay without compromising patient safety would improve the usefulness of the drug. Although such regimens have been used by clinicians, they have not been formally evaluated. METHODS: Healthy, middle-aged sedentary men and women received sotalol in a double-blind, two-way crossover study with a 2-week washout phase to evaluate an accelerated titration regimen--placebo every 6 hours for four doses, followed by 80 mg sotalol every 6 hours for four doses, then 160 mg sotalol every 12 hours for nine doses--and compare it with the standard titration--placebo alternating with 80 mg sotalol every 6 hours for eight doses, followed by 160 mg sotalol every 12 hours for nine doses. QT intervals, RR intervals, and sotalol concentrations in plasma were measured at specific times throughout the study and during washout in a similar fashion for both regimens. RESULTS: Thirty-four subjects completed both regimens. The target prolongation of QTc (90% of the value achieved at steady state) was achieved 22 1/2 hours sooner with the accelerated titration regimen (P = .0003). There were no cardiovascular adverse events during either loading phase. At no time during the accelerated titration regimen did the sotalol concentrations in plasma or the QTc or RR interval prolongation exceed the values eventually achieved at steady state. The relationship between sotalol concentration and QTc was linear and independent of the regimen. CONCLUSION: The accelerated titration regimen for sotalol can shorten the time to attain the dosage usually required to effectively control arrhythmias, without excessive QT prolongation and the associated increased risk of torsades de pointes. The hospital stay of patients in whom antiarrhythmic therapy with sotalol is initiated can be shortened by 1 day if this accelerated titration regimen is used.     

Effect of elastin peptides and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine on cytosolic free calcium in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of healthy middle-aged and elderly subjects

The effect of elastin peptides (kappa-elastin, KE) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) on cytosolic free calcium in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) of healthy middle-aged (35-45 years) and elderly (greater than 60 years) patients with normal and high serum cholesterol level was investigated. The cytosolic free calcium [( Ca2+]i) elevation after stimulation with these compounds was decreased in PMNLs of the aged groups compared to the healthy middle-aged group. The guanine nucleotide binding regulatory Gi protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin (PT) prevented the enhancing effect of KE and FMLP on PMNL free calcium of healthy middle-aged subjects, but could not completely abolish the [Ca2+]i elevation in PMNLs of aged subjects.     

Serum thyroglobulin reference values according to NACB criteria in healthy subjects with normal thyroid ultrasound

Abstract Background: The present study was undertaken to establish serum thyroglobulin (Tg) normal reference values in a large group of healthy subjects. Methods: Four hundred and thirty-eight non-smoking healthy subjects were selected to assess the Tg reference values (209 males, 229 non-pregnant females, age 34.7±13.1 years). Inclusion criteria were: no personal or familial history of thyroid disease, thyrotropin levels from 0.5 to 2.00 mUI/L, negative thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies. In addition, the patients had a normal size thyroid (females ≤18 mL, males ≤25 mL) without nodules on the thyroid ultrasound (TUS). According to National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) criteria the Tg results were transformed to a logarithmic scale and reference ranges were calculated as mean±2 SD. Results: Serum Tg was measured on the Beckman Coulter UniCel DxI 800 automated platform by the simultaneous 1-step immunoenzymatic Access Thyroglobulin assay (Beckmann-Coulter SA, Nyon, Switzerland). Serum Tg levels were higher in females than in males (p=0.0022). Accordingly, gender-specific reference values were calculated (i.e., males: 1.40-29.2 ng/mL; females: 1.50-38.5 ng/mL). Conclusions: To the best of the authors' knowledge, the first reference interval study for Tg that integrates NACB criteria and TUS assessment for the selection of the reference population is provided here.