PTSD样情感行为异常大鼠海马ATP酶活性与Ca2+/CaM改变

目的:探讨创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)精神与行为异常的病理生理基础。方法:通过频率25Hz、波宽1ms、串长10s、串隔7min、强度100μA的恒流、单向方波, 建立海马惊厥阈下电刺激PTSD动物模型;采用神经生化、流式细胞仪、荧光标记术及Westernblotting等方法, 定量观测了实验动物海马Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性, 细胞内Ca²⁺含量与钙调素(CaM)相对活性平均通道荧光及海马组织总CaM表达的动态变化规律。结果:电刺激停止后48h内实验动物海马细胞线粒体Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活性明显下降, 72h内Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性显著降低;海马细胞[Ca²⁺]i于电刺激停止后72h内明显增高, 游离CaM平均通道荧光则同步降低, 而海马组织总CaM表达则于电刺激停止后48h内明显增多。结论:海马细胞[Ca²⁺]i持续增高、结合CaM含量明显增加及线粒体钠钾泵与钙泵功能受损, 可能是实验动物长时程PTSD样情感行为异常的重要病理生理基础之一。     

转JAK2基因脐血CD34+细胞体外扩增与生物学特性研究

目的： 探讨转基因JAK2介导的脐血干祖细胞长期扩增调控的可行性和转基因细胞的生物学特征。方法: 构建逆转录病毒载体MGI-F₂JAK2，内含有JAK2基因的功能催化区和2个与小分子靶向基因合成药物(AP20187)结合的位点蛋白(F36v，F₂)。应用MiniMACS磁珠分选系统纯化分离脐血CD34⁺细胞，用含JAK2的逆转录病毒上清转染脐血CD34⁺细胞。转染后的CD34⁺细胞在IMDM培养体系中，将细胞分为AP20187组;FL组；TPO组；AP20187+FL+TPO (AFT) 组。对扩增后的细胞定期检测基因转移后GFP动态变化、细胞免疫标记、造血祖细胞集落培养、染色体核型分析和裸鼠致瘤实验。结果: 分选的CD34⁺细胞纯度>91%，基因转移率为49.32%±6.21%；只有AP20187+FL+TPO组可以使转基因的脐血CD34⁺细胞大量增殖，扩增至第8周时细胞数达10⁹，CD34⁺细胞GFP的阳性率由基线水平逐渐上升并于第8周时达到90%以上；细胞表型为CD33⁺、CD61⁺、Gly-A⁺部分阳性；CD38⁺、HLA-DR⁺强阳性；CD2、CD7、CD19接近阴性。扩增的CD34+细胞可分别形成BFU-E、CFU-GM、CFU-Mix并以CFU-GM集落为主。扩增后CD34⁺细胞检测染色体核型正常，裸鼠实验无致瘤特性。结论: 转染JAK2 基因的人脐血CD34⁺细胞协同FL和TPO细胞因子可以体外长期扩增脐血干祖细胞，对今后研究细胞信号转导、造血调控以及开展干细胞和基因治疗都有潜在的应用价值。     

SHR心肌细胞离子泵活性与血压及左心室肥厚的相关性研究

目的:研究心肌细胞膜离子泵活性与血压及左心室肥厚之间的关系。方法:将12只自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)分成两组,一组灌喂缬沙坦(24mg/kg),另一组和6只正常大鼠(WKY)灌喂生理盐水共4周。测量实验前后血压及实验后心肌细胞膜的Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-ATP酶和Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性,同时测量心肌细胞横径(TDM)和心脏重量/体重(HW/BW)。结果:SHR生理盐水组的血压和TDM及HW/BW显著高于WKY和SHR用药组(P＜0.01),Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性显著低于WKY和SHR用药组(P＜0.01)。Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性与血压、HW/BW和TDM呈显著负相关(r=-0.5945,-0.7077和-0.5026,P＜0.01和P＜0.05);与Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶呈显著正相关(r=0.7543,P＜0.01)。Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶与血压呈显著负相关(r=-0.6338,P＜0.01)。结论:SHR心肌细胞膜Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性的改变与血压和左心室肥厚之间有密切的内在关系,心肌细胞膜离子泵活性的缺陷不仅在高血压同时可在左心室肥厚的形成和发展过程中起重要作用。     

绿色荧光蛋白转基因小鼠CD34+/CD45+细胞在脊髓全横断大鼠模型中的存活及迁移

目的:探讨CD34⁺/CD45⁺细胞移植入脊髓全横断大鼠模型后的存活、迁移及分布情况。方法:体外培养绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）转基因小鼠骨髓细胞，经CD34、CD45单克隆抗体鉴定后移植入脊髓全横断大鼠模型脊髓横断处尾侧，分别在术后24 h、48 h、1周、2周、4周和8周行左心腔内灌注，取出脊髓，连续切片（片厚 10 μm），置于荧光显微镜下观察切片中有无绿色荧光细胞，并观察荧光细胞的分布范围；用免疫组化法检测CD34⁺/CD45⁺细胞的存活。 结果:脊髓横断处头尾两侧均可见绿色荧光细胞，且多分布于灰质中，散在或聚集成片；免疫组化法可见切片中有CD34⁺/CD45⁺细胞散在。 结论: CD34⁺/CD45⁺细胞可在脊髓全横断大鼠模型的脊髓中存活，并可迁移至脊髓横断处头侧，且随时间的延长迁移距离有所增加。     

槲皮素和乙酸龙脑酯对细菌脂多糖诱导流产孕小鼠子宫组织中CD4+/CD8+ T细胞的影响

目的 探讨小鼠子宫组织中CD4⁺ 和CD8⁺ T细胞在早期胚胎丢失中的意义，研究槲皮素和乙酸龙脑酯对细菌脂多糖（LPS）诱导流产小鼠的保胎效果和对母胎界面免疫平衡的调节作用。 方法 采用LPS尾静脉注射，制造小鼠流产模型，孕4～7d分别口服不同保胎药物，用药前后检测各组（n=10）小鼠子宫组织CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞亚群的变化。 结果 LPS促流产后，小鼠子宫壁CD4+T细胞数量显著增多（P<0.01），CD8⁺ T细胞无明显变化（P>0.05），CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值显著升高（P<0.01）。预先口服保胎药物能不同程度抑制LPS的作用。其中以槲皮素和乙酸龙脑酯联合使用组的保胎效果最为明显，CD4^+/CD8⁺比值下降，较LPS流产模型组差异极显著（P<0.01）。 结论 小鼠子宫组织CD4^+/CD8⁺比值升高与早期胚胎丢失关系密切，槲皮素和乙酸龙脑酯能够调节小鼠子宫局部的免疫微环境，从而起到一定的促孕保胎作用。     

金属硫蛋白在培养乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧预处理中的作用

目的:探讨金属硫蛋白(MT)在培养乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧预处理中的作用机制。方法:建立培养的乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧模型,检测心肌细胞预缺氧24 h后MT及丙二醛(MDA)含量,Na⁺-K⁺ATP酶、Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺ATP酶活性的变化以及用MT抗体阻断后的相应变化。结果:缺氧预处理组MT含量及Na⁺-K⁺ATP酶、Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺ATP酶活性显著高于对照组及缺氧/复氧组(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著低于缺氧/复氧组(P＜0.01);使用MT抗体后,酶活性则显著降低,而MDA含量显著高于未加抗体和对照组(P＜0.01)。结论:缺氧预处理产生大量MT,后者可能通过减少MDA及促进Na⁺-K⁺ATP酶、Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺ATP酶的活性升高起到保护心肌的作用。     

应激性溃疡时大鼠胃壁细胞功能及超微结构的动态变化

目的:探讨应激条件下大鼠胃壁细胞泌酸功能和超微结构的动态变化及与急性胃粘膜损伤之间的关系。方法: 将32只雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组, 即对照组、水浸束缚应激1, 2、 4 h组。检测各组胃液pH值、胃粘膜溃疡指数(UI), 并取腺胃区粘膜制作透射电镜标本, 观察壁细胞超微结构变化。结果: 应激条件下大鼠胃泌酸多于对照组, 随应激时间延长胃液pH值明显低于对照组(P<0.01);UI随应激时间延长明显增加(P<0.01), 与pH值之间呈明显负相关(r=-0.987, P<0.01);电镜下见对照组壁细胞呈静息状态, 而应激1、 2、 4 h组壁细胞呈现不同的激活状态, 且以4 h为明显, 壁细胞内线粒体丰富, 分泌小管密集, 囊管泡减少或消失, 呈明显泌酸活跃状态。结论: 水浸束缚应激可引起大鼠胃酸分泌增加, 这与壁细胞超微结构改变相一致, 并与胃粘膜损伤程度有明显相关性。提示胃酸在应激性溃疡的发生发展过程中具有重要意义。     

人胎盘CD133+细胞具有高增殖潜能集落形成细胞特性

目的 通过对人胎盘CD133⁺细胞群中高增殖潜能集落形成细胞(HPP-CFC)检测与生物学特性的分析，证明人胎盘存在早期造血干/祖细胞（HSPC）。 方法 采用机械法制备人胎盘组织（PT）单细胞悬液，用Histopaque-1007分离出单个核细胞(MNC)，经磁式分选（MACS）富集CD133⁺细胞，培养28 d后观察HPP-CFC集落形成能力，用流式细胞仪（FCM）对分选的细胞组份和HPP-CFC进行表型分析，实验全程用脐带血（UCB）作平行比较分析。 结果 培养28 d后，PT-CD133⁺与UCB-CD133⁺细胞组份分别扩增了266和362倍，前者低于后者（P<0.01）；PT-CD133⁺与UCB-CD133⁺细胞中HPP-CFC分别为(32.4±11.2)/5×10³、(17. 7±5.7)/5×10³，前者形成的HPP-CFC数量明显高于后者（P<0.01）；PT-CD133⁺、UCB-CD133⁺细胞培养至28 d时，除UCB-CD133⁺组的CD133⁺CD34^-亚群比例无明显改变外，CD133⁺CD34⁺、CD133^-CD34⁺和CD133⁺CD34^-（PT-CD133⁺组）亚型均比培养前减少。 结论 人胎盘组织CD133⁺细胞中存在HPP-CFC，说明胎盘CD133⁺细胞群中存在早期HSPC。     

类风湿关节炎CD4+CD28-T细胞与淋巴细胞凋亡的相关性研究

目的: 研究类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血CD4⁺CD28^-T细胞比例与淋巴细胞凋亡异常的相关性。方法: 采用流式细胞术三色分析法检测50例患者和50例健康志愿者的外周血淋巴细胞中CD4⁺CD28^-T细胞比例;通过加入PHA孵育检测RA病人外周淋巴细胞和正常对照的淋巴细胞对激活诱导细胞死亡(AICD)易感性差异;分析CD4⁺CD28^-T细胞比例与外周血淋巴细胞凋亡率的相关性。结果: RA组CD4⁺CD28^-T细胞比例的均数明显高于健康对照组(7.79%±3.52% vs 1.89%±1.78%,P<0.05)。RA组病人外周血淋巴细胞的AICD凋亡率低于健康对照组(11.38%±5.73% vs 19.46%±6.32%,P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示CD4⁺CD28^-T细胞比例与外周血淋巴细胞AICD凋亡率负相关(r=-0.433,P<0.01)。结论: RA患者外周血中CD4⁺CD28^-T细胞比例增多,活化淋巴细胞生存期延长,这可能参与RA的发病机制。     

木犀草素对H2O2氧化损伤的血管内皮细胞的影响

目的： 探讨木犀草素（luteolin）对氧化损伤的血管内皮细胞（endothelial cells）的影响。方法： 体外培养内皮细胞，将细胞分为7组，即空白对照组（control）、溶剂对照组（DMSO）、氧化损伤组（H₂O₂）、氧化损伤加入槲皮素对照组(quercetin+H₂O₂)、氧化损伤加入木犀草素低、中、高浓度组(luteolin-L+H₂O₂、luteolin-M+H₂O₂、luteolin-H+H₂O₂)。将750 μmol/L H₂O₂作用于加入槲皮素及不同浓度木犀草素预培养24h的内皮细胞，继续培养18h（半胱氨酸蛋白酶表达测定时间为14h），然后观察木犀草素对细胞培养液内乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、一氧化氮（NO）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）丙二醛（MDA）含量和细胞活力的影响, 并对细胞进行流式细胞和免疫组化分析，观察该药对细胞凋亡和半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）表达的影响。 结果： 木犀草素呈剂量依赖性降低H₂O₂对内皮细胞生长抑制率，降低MDA、LDH量，增加培养液中 NO^-₂/NO^-₃含量，并显著抑制半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3阳性表达，减少细胞凋亡数量，各指标差异显著（P<0.01）。结论： 木犀草素可拮抗和修复过氧化氢诱导的血管内皮细胞的损伤，其作用可能与抗氧化、促进NO释放，抑制caspase-3表达有关。     

应激后大鼠胃壁细胞结构变化

目的：观察应激状态下大鼠胃壁细胞结构的动态变化。方法：采用水浸束缚应激的方法，将32只印大鼠随机分成对照组，应激1h、2h及4h组。取腺胃部粘膜制作光镜和电镜标本，观察胃粘膜组织学改变和壁细胞结构变化。结果：随应激时间延长胃粘膜损伤明显加重；电镜示对照组壁细胞呈静息状态，而应激1h、2h、4h组呈现不同的激活状态，且以4h为明显，壁细胞内分泌小管密集，囊泡基本消失，呈明显泌酸活跃状态。结论：水浸束缚应激可引起大鼠胃壁细胞结构改变，并与胃粘膜损伤程度有明显相关性。提示胃壁细胞结构变化在应激性溃疡发生中具有重要意义。     

新城疫病毒对BGC-823胃癌细胞线粒体的影响

目的 探讨新城疫病毒对BGC-823胃癌细胞线粒体结构和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性等功能的影响.方法 应用电子显微镜观察、线粒体Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性变化测定、罗丹明123染色法测定细胞线粒体膜电位及Western Blot测定细胞色素C等方法 进行分析.结果 新城疫病毒感染肿瘤细胞线粒体结构破坏,线粒体Na+-K+ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性较对照组显著下降(P<0.01).线粒体膜电位及细胞色素C显著下降(P<0.01).结论 对线粒体结构及功能的影响可能是新城疫病毒杀伤BGC-823胃癌细胞的机制之一.     

The cryofixation of isolated rat gastric mucosa provides new insights into the functional transformation of gastric parietal cells: an in vitro experimental model study

Cryofixation is currently accepted as the best initial fixation step to preserve not only the fine structure but also the antigenicity of biological samples. To elucidate the functional transformation of gastric parietal cells, we have newly developed an in vitro experimental model, named the isolated gastric mucosa. In this study, acid secretion of the parietal cell was stimulated with histamine or inhibited with cimetidine, and the samples were cryofixed by plunge freezing for light microscopy or high-pressure freezing for electron microscopy. As a result, the organization of glandular cells was well-preserved and quite similar to freshly excised rat gastric mucosa for at least 2 h after isolation. Immunohistochemistry of H+/K+-ATPase demonstrated a translocation of H+/K+-ATPase from the cytoplasm to the apical membrane associated with histamine-stimulation. In cimetidine-treated mucosa, most of the parietal cells were morphologically in the resting state, showing numerous tubulovesicles in their cytoplasm. In contrast, histamine-stimulated parietal cells exhibited well-developed intracellular canaliculi lined with long microvilli. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is first to demonstrate an electron micrograph that strongly suggests a membrane fusion between the tubulovescile and the apical membrane. Moreover, a stimulation-associated translocation of ezrin was clearly shown from the cytoplasm to the apical region, corresponding to apical microvilli development in the isolated gastric mucosa model. We here describe the preparation of the isolated rat gastric mucosa model, which provides new insights into the functional transformation of parietal cells by the application of cryotechniques.     

阻塞性黄疸大鼠毛细胆管壁的酶活性变化

The enzymic activities of hepatocytes, especially the bile canaliculi, of rats with experimental obstructive jaundice were studied by using electron microscopic cytochemistry. Common hepatic duct was ligated in rats, and liver tissue was taken from these animals 4 days after the operation for comparison with that of normal rats. The main results of this experiment were as follows: (1) Lumens of bile canaliculi were obviously enlarged. The microvilli became shortened and thickened, or even disappeared. The exoplasm was thickened as well. (2) The activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, G-6-Pase, Ca(++)-ATPase and NDPase in the wall of bile canaliculi was obviously reduced. (3) The activity of cytochrome oxidase in hepatocytes was also obviously reduced. The significance of the changes in these enzymic activity is discussed.     

Histochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive, K+-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) activity in the submandibular gland of the mouse: effect of androgen, thyroid hormone, or postnatal age

Ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+-ATPase activity was localized histochemically in the submandibular gland of the mouse under various conditions using p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate at pH 9. In untreated adult males and females, intense staining was seen in the basally striated portions of the epithelial cells lining the excretory and striated ducts. The region of the lateral cell membranes, but not of the apical plasmalemma, also stained. In granular convoluted tubules (GCTs), strong staining was seen only in a narrow band of the basalmost region of the cells; in males this stained region was thinner than in females, and frequently was absent. The baso-lateral margins of acinar and intercalated duct cells gave a very weak reaction. In untreated males, or in females that were treated with dihydrotestosterone, overall staining for the enzyme was always less than in untreated females, due to the diminished reactivity of androgen-stimulated GCT cells and the decreased number of striated ducts. However, in females treated with triiodothyronine, enhanced activity of Na+-K+-ATPase was indicated by stronger staining in all cell types, including the hypertrophied GCT cells. Na+-K+-ATPase activity was undetected in the submandibular glands at birth, but moderate staining was seen in the larger excretory and striated ducts by 5 days of age. From 10 days of age onward, intense staining was seen in the excretory and striated portions of the ramifying duct system. Developing GCT cells could not be distinguished from their precursor cells in the striated ducts until 25 days of age. These data indicate that the salt-handling capacity of the submandibular gland of the mouse varies with both endocrine status and age.     

大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤时细胞发生凋亡

目的探讨急性胃黏膜损伤时细胞凋亡形式及作用。方法制备大鼠水浸-束缚应激(WRS)模型,计算溃疡指数(UI);TUNEL法检测胃黏膜细胞凋亡;透射电镜观察细胞形态;免疫组化法检测BCl-2/BAX蛋白的表达。结果与正常大鼠比较,WRS后2h,黏膜损伤严重(P<0.01),凋亡细胞明显增多(P<0.01),BCl-2表达明显减弱(P<0.05),BAX表达明显增加(P<0.01);WRS后24h,黏膜修复,凋亡细胞仍高于正常水平(P<0.05),BCl-2表达基本恢复正常,BAX表达仍高于正常水平(P<0.05)。透射电镜下可见WRS组发生凋亡的细胞形态各异。结论细胞凋亡是急性胃黏膜损伤过程中细胞死亡的重要形式。     

Identification of parietal cells in gastric body mucosa with HMFG-2 monoclonal antibody.

AIMS--To identify parietal cells in the upper gastrointestinal tract by an immunoperoxidase method, using commercially available monoclonal antibodies. METHODS--Routine surgical biopsy specimens of gastric body mucosa were examined using the avidin-biotin peroxidase method with the monoclonal antibodies HMFG-1 and HMFG-2 to identify parietal cells. Double immunoperoxidase labelling with HK12.18, a well characterised monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope on the alpha (catalytic) subunit of H+ translocating, K+ stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (H,K-ATPase), was used to confirm that HMFG-1 and -2 stained parietal cells. RESULTS--HMFG-1 and HMFG-2 showed consistent parietal cell staining patterns in the gastric body mucosa. HMFG-2 gave a more intense staining pattern of the secretory canaliculi. This was confirmed by double immunolabelling with HK12.18. CONCLUSIONS--HMFG monoclonal antibodies are recommended as highly specific markers of human gastric parietal cells.     

束缚应激对大鼠血小板-氧化氮释放的影响

目的 观察急性应激对大鼠血小板一氧化氮(NO)释放的影响及其机制.方法 大鼠浸水-束缚应激(WRS)2、4和8 h,以胃溃疡指数(UI)作为应激损伤的标识,采用Greiss法测定血小板孵育液中亚硝酸盐(NO2-)含量;同位素法测其一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性和L精氨酸(L-Arg)转运量.结果 WRS 2 h血小板L-Arg转运量、NOS活性和孵育液NO2-含量较对照组显著增加,但随应激时间延长,其呈下降趋势,应激8 h时均显著低于对照组,胃溃疡逐渐加重.结论 WRS应激早期阶段可上调血小板L-Arg/NO通路,促进血小板NO生成;长时间应激下调L-Arg/NO通路,减少NO释放.     

Bile canalicular contraction and dilatation in primary culture of rat hepatocytes - possible involvement of two different types of plasma membrane Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-pump-ATPase

Increasing evidence has indicated that bile canalicular contraction is mediated by the nonmuscular Ca(2+)-calmodulin-actomyosin system, and the contraction facilitates canalicular bile flow. The aim of the present study was to examine, by electron cytochemistry, how the expression of two types of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase, i.e., Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-pump-ATPase, is related to the dynamic changes of bile canalicular contraction. Hepatocytes isolated from male Wistar rat liver by collagenase perfusion were cultured to form a primary monolayer. The canalicular dynamics in the couplets and triplets were analyzed by time-lapse cinematography. The Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was identified by the electron cytochemical method of Ando. Ultrastructural localization of Ca(2+)-pump-ATPase was examined by immunogold electron microscopy. We found that cytochemical reaction products showing the presence of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase activity were localized on the luminal side of the bile canalicular membranes. Immunogold particles, indicating the presence of Ca(2+)-pump-ATPase, were located mainly on the cytoplasmic side of the bile canalicular membranes. The expression of both Ca(2+)-ATPases on the canalicular membranes was enhanced during the contracting stage of bile canaliculi, whereas their expression was diminished in the dilating stage. We conclude that two different types of bile canalicular Ca(2+)-ATPase may be involved in the regulation of canalicular contractility to control the extrusion of intracytoplasmic free calcium ions into the canalicular lumen.