急性脑梗死各临床亚型患者的脑血管反应性的变化

目的 探讨急性脑梗死各临床亚型患者脑血管反应性(CVR)的变化.方法 将70例急性脑梗死患者分为3个亚组:动脉硬化性血栓形成性脑梗死(AI)组(22例)、腔隙性脑梗死(LI)组(33例)和心源性脑梗死(CI)组(15例).应用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)检测各组患者双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)的平均流速(Vm)、脉动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)指标,通过屏气试验测定屏气指数(BHI);并与20名正常对照组进行比较. 结果与正常对照组相比,AI组Vm、PI、RI均显著升高(P<0.05～0.01),BHI明显降低(P<0.01);LI组Vm、BHI均显著降低(均P<0.05);而CI组各参数与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义. 结论急性脑梗死各亚组的CVR改变并不相同,AI、LI组CVR损害更为明显,CVR检测对急性脑梗死各亚型的血液动力学研究有重要意义.     

降压治疗对老年高血压患者不同病理阶段脑循环储备力的影响

目的研究不同程度降压对不同病理阶段老年高血压患者脑循环储备力(CCR)的影响及屏气试验对指导老年高血压个体化治疗的价值。方法选择老年原发性高血压(高血压组)及合并腔隙性脑梗死(腔梗组)患者各33例、健康老年志愿者(健康对照组)27例为观察对象,应用经颅多普勒技术测定不同血压水平下屏气试验后脑循环血流动力学参数及降压治疗后CCR下降>10%者所占比例。结果(1)高血压组及腔梗组降压前后平均峰流速(Vm)值(平静时)差异无显著性,屏气试验后屏气指数(BHI)及Vm上升率则较健康对照组明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01)。小幅度降压(12.7%,12.8%)后BHI及Vm上升率两病例组均较降压治疗前有所提高,但差异无显著性;较大幅度降压(22.6%,22.4%)后BHI及Vm上升率两病例组均较治疗前显著提高(P<0.05,P<0.01);脉动指数(PI)下降率仅高血压组治疗前与健康对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。(2)高血压组及腔梗组降压治疗后CCR下降>10%者所占比例分别为12.1%和24.2%,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论合理降压治疗可部分提高不同病理阶段老年高血压患者脑血管对二氧化碳的反应性,改善其脑血管储备功能。     

阻塞性呼吸睡眠暂停综合征与高血压并存患者脑血管功能状态的TCD初探

目的 研究分析阻塞性呼吸睡眠暂停综合征(OSAS)与高血压并存患者脑血管功能状态.方法 采用EME公司的COMPIONEⅡ型号经颅多普勒检查仪(TCD),对85例OSAS与高血压并存患者进行TCD检查,判断血管状态,采用屏气试验评价脑血管反应性,记录大脑中动脉(MCA)的平均血流速度(Vm)、搏动指数(PI),屏气指数(BHI)并与对照组比较,进行统计学分析.结果 两组间血管异常情况经χ~2检验,χ~2=4.1,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义.两组间的Vm经配对t检验,t=1.80,P>0.05差异无统计学意义.两组间的PI经配对t检验,t=1.62,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义.两组间BHI经配对t检验,t=4.75,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义.结论 OS-AS与高血压并存患者的脑血管功能状态与对照组比较脑血管反应性较差,更易发生动脉硬化,形成管腔狭窄.     

经颅多普勒血管搏动指数与脑血管反应性的关系

目的 研究经颅多普勒(TCD)搏动指数(PI)与脑血管反应性(CVR)的关系.方法 对70例PI增高患者(PI增高组)应用TCD行CO2吸入、过度换气和屏气试验检测CVR,并与PI正常者(正常对照组)进行比较.结果 (1)CO2吸入试验:PI增高组的大脑中动脉(MCA)平均血流速度(Vm)增加率[(21.61±7.39)%]明显低于正常对照组[(44.86±10.18)%] (P<0.01).(2)过度换气试验: PI增高组MCA Vm下降率[(21.89±6.60)%]明显低于正常对照组[(33.63±8.62)%](P<0.01).(3)屏气试验:PI增高组Vm增高率为(22.69±8.37)%、屏气指数为(0.58±0.24),显著低于正常对照组[(46.53±11.83)%、(1.16±0.37)](均P<0.01).结论 TCD PI增高可反映CVR下降.     

脑血管反应性与缺血性卒中

目的观察缺血性卒中患者脑血管反应性（CVR）变化,确定两者之间的相关性。方法采用经颅多普勒超声（TCD）结合屏气试验检测76例缺血性卒中患者及62例对照病例的屏气指数（BHI）。结果缺血性卒中患者组的BHI明显低于对照组（P〈0.001）,Logistic 回归显示,由BHI所表示的CVR是缺血性卒中的独立影响因素（P=0.000）。结论降低的CVR是缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素,应该重视CVR在脑缺血发生、发展过程中的独立影响作用。     

脑血管储备功能在老年遗忘型轻度认知障碍中的应用价值

目的研究老年遗忘型轻度认知障碍(aMCI)患者脑血管储备(CVR)功能的特点。方法收集2012-4—2016-1就诊于首都医科大学附属复兴医院、年龄≥60岁、确诊为aMCI的患者40例,同时选择认知功能正常的健康者42名为正常对照组。所有受试者分别进行经颅多普勒超声(TCD)屏气试验及听觉事件相关电位(AERPs)检查,分析屏气指数(BHI)与认知功能及脑血流动力学的相关性。结果 aMCI组BHI较正常组下降(P0.01);aMCI组BHI与蒙特利尔量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)评分呈正相关(r=0.634,P0.01),与P300潜伏期呈负相关(r=-0.426,P0.01);aMCI组患者BHI与大脑中动脉(MCA)的搏动指数(PI)呈负相关(r=-0.365,P0.05);aMCI患者PI异常者其BHI较PI正常者降低(P0.05)。结论老年aMCI患者CVR功能下降,其认知功能受损与CVR减低有一定相关性。     

经颅多普勒屏气试验对中度血管性痴呆的预后评估

目的应用经颅多普勒屏气试验研究脑血管储备功能对中度血管性痴呆预后的影响。方法通过经颅多普勒彩超屏气试验测定正常对照组、无颅内动脉狭窄及伴有大脑中动脉狭窄的中度血管性痴呆患者的屏气指数(BHI)、Vm上升率(Vm%),并于6个月后随访。结果两组中度血管性痴呆患者的BHI、Vm%较对照组均有下降(P<0.01),且伴有大脑中动脉狭窄的中度痴呆组(MCASVD)下降更加明显(P<0.01)。6个月后两中度痴呆组MMSE评分及BHI、Vm%不同程度下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),MCASVD组下降更加明显(P<0.01)。结论脑血管储备功能下降与血管性痴呆发生及发展具有相关性,可能对血管性痴呆的预后评估具有重要价值。     

眼动脉血管反应性在2型糖尿病患者脑血管病变中的诊断价值

目的 评估眼动脉血管反应性在2型糖尿病脑血管病变中的临床诊断价值.方法 运用经颅多普勒诊断仪,对27例2型糖尿病患者和23例健康体检者行TCD检查,对比分析两组人群大脑中动脉(MCA)及眼动脉(OA)的平均血流速度(Vm)、搏动指数(PI)、屏气指数(BHI)的差异程度.结果 糖尿病组与对照组比较,OA的平均血流速度(Vm)、屏气后的平均血流速度(Vm’)、屏气指数(BHI)均降低,与对照组比较均有统计学意义;糖尿病组与对照组比较,MCA的搏动指数(PI)、屏气后的搏动指数(PI’)均增高,与对照组比较均有统计学意义.结论 糖尿病患者MCA、OA的脑血管反应性检测,能早期识别2型糖尿病大血管和微血管病变,为2型糖尿病患者早期及时提供防治依据.     

丁苯酞对脑小血管病患者认知功能及脑血管储备功能的影响

目的探讨丁苯酞对脑小血管病(SVD)患者认知功能及脑血管储备(CVR)功能的影响。方法选择SVD患者80例,随机分为对照组和治疗组各40例。对照组给予常规基础治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加服丁苯酞软胶囊。治疗前后应用经颅多普勒(TCD)屏气试验检测屏气指数(BHI),评价CVR功能,同时进行神经电生理检测P300及蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评定患者认知功能,并观察治疗过程中的不良反应。结果 (1)与治疗前比较,对照组治疗后3月MoCA评分有显著变化(P0.05),P300及BHI在两个治疗时间点均无显著变化(P0.05);治疗组治疗后1月及3月MoCA评分、P300及BHI均有显著变化(P0.05);(2)与对照组同时间点比较,治疗组治疗后1月及3月MoCA评分、P300及BHI差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)2组患者治疗过程中无特殊不良反应。结论丁苯酞能够改善SVD患者认知功能及CVR功能,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

颈动脉狭窄患者的脑血管反应性研究

目的测定不同程度颈动脉狭窄患者的脑血管反应性,探讨颈动脉狭窄程度与脑血管反应性(CVR)的关系。方法应用TCD屏气试验,检测37例不同程度颈动脉狭窄患者双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)的屏气指数(BHI)及其不对称指数(AI),并对狭窄程度与BHI值的相关性进行评定。结果颈动脉狭窄程度≥70%的患者BHI值及不对称指数显著下降,狭窄程度与BHI值具有相关性。结论颈动脉重度狭窄患者的脑血管反应性明显降低,且与狭窄程度相关。     

A cerebrovascular accident with unusual features

A 64 y/o man experienced during 2 weeks TIA's or TIA's like episodes, once or twice a day, with or without contralateral pain in the head. CT Scans showed peculiar enhanced areas appended to the superior sagittal sinus. Angiography was refused. Twenty-seven months later during mild exertion a left frontal hematoma developed. Among frontal symptoms and signs laconism, abulia and a striking whispering were prominent. Angiography showed a dural arteriovenous fistula draining into cortical veins on the inner aspect of the left hemisphere. The fistula was successfully operated.     

Management of dementia with a cerebrovascular component

BackgroundCerebrovascular disease (CVD) has been reconceptualized as an important factor in cognitive decline and dementia. The concept of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has been introduced to capture the whole spectrum of cognitive decline associated with CVD, and to emphasize the possibility of early intervention on vascular risk factors.MethodsIntervention studies in prevention and symptomatic therapy of dementia associated with CVD are reviewed.ResultsWe present recommendations based on the review of current literature. There is some evidence that treating hypertension can prevent cognitive decline. Galantamine has shown some benefit in the symptomatic treatment of possible Alzheimer’s disease with CVD and donepezil has shown some benefits in vascular dementia. Other pharmacologic interventions lack sufficient empirical support.ConclusionsA more pro-active stance towards cognitive decline of vascular etiology is warranted, with some evidence supporting both prevention and symptomatic therapy.     

Headache associated with ischemic cerebrovascular disease

Headache often accompanies acute ischemic stroke. Observational studies indicate that 15 to 40% of patients with acute ischemic stroke report headache in close temporal relation to the event. The onset headache is more often seen in posterior circulation strokes than in strokes in other vascular territories. Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) can also lead to headache. The pathophysiology of headache associated with acute ischemic stroke includes edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and changes in the trigeminovascular system.     

Familial cerebellar ataxia with cerebrovascular amyloid

We report a rare association of familial cerebellar ataxia (without dementia) and cerebrovascular amyloid. Postmortem neuropathological examination of one member of the family showed amyloid angiopathy of the central nervous system with heavy infiltration of capillaries in the hippocampus and cerebellum.     

大剂量辛伐他汀强化治疗对缺血性脑血管患者脑血管储备能力的影响

目的探讨大剂量辛伐他汀强化治疗对缺血性脑血管患者脑血管储备能力的影响及安全性。方法将108例缺血性脑血管病患者随机分成观察组与对照组各54例,2组均在常规治疗的基础上口服辛伐他汀,观察组40mg/次,对照组20mg/d,2组均1次/d,疗程均为6个月。比较2组患者临床疗效、脑血管储备功能(CVR)及屏气指数(BHI)、药物不良反应、复发率及病死率。结果观察组CVR(35.19±5.24)、BHI(1.54±0.33)明显高于对照组;不良反应发生率为(31.48%)、复发率、病死率(5.77%、3.85%)明显低于对照组(P0.05、0.01)。结论大剂量辛伐他汀强化治疗能有效改善脑血管储备能力,降低复发率及病死率,但需严密监测药物不良反应。     

Patterns of cerebrovascular symptomatology associated with carotid atheroma

The aim of this study was to identify ultrasonic tissue characteristics and stenosis of carotid plaques that correspond to amaurosis fugax, hemispheric transient ischaemic attack, and stroke. At total of 146 symptomatic carotid plaques (136 patients) associated with amaurosis fugax, hemispheric transient ischaemic attack, stroke, and having 50-99% stenosis on duplex, were studied. These plaques were imaged on duplex, captured in a computer and their grey scale median was evaluated to distinguish the dark (low grey scale median) from the bright (high grey scale median) plaques. Stenosis was assessed on duplex. The amaurosis fugax group corresponded to carotid plaques with low grey scale median and severe stenosis, as contrasted with the other two groups (hemispheric transient ischaemic attack and stroke) (P < 0.05). These results suggested that amaurosis fugax was dependent only on the instability of carotid plaques, whereas hemispheric transient ischaemic attack and stroke were both dependent on carotid plaques and other pathogenetic factors.