~（99m）Tc抗人活化血小板单克隆抗体SZ－51对狗动、静脉血栓的放免显像研究

用９９ｍＴｃ标记抗人活化血小板ＧＭＰ－１４０ＭＣＡｂＳＺ－５１，对实验性狗股动脉和股静脉血栓模型进行了免疫显像研究．结果表明：血栓显示清晰，其最佳显像时间为注射９９ｍＴｃ－ＳＺ－５１后４～６小时；９９ｍＴｃ－ＳＺ－５１引血液半清除时间Ｔ１／２α＝１６．２５±１３．３９分钟、Ｔ１／２β＝７．２８±１．１５小时；注射９９ｍＴｃ－ＳＺ－５１后８小时处死狗，离体血栓／血液和血栓／周围肌肉单位质量放射性比值：动脉血栓为５７．０９±１２．２４和１７７．４６±１１９．９３，静脉血栓为６．４３±４．７０和９４．４６±５７．５９；９９ｍＴｃ标记非特异ＩｇＧ，未见血栓显示．提示９９ｍＴｃ－ＳＺ－５１具有活体内导向定位血栓的能力，用于血栓性疾病的放免显像诊断有一定的可行性。     

^99mTc—SZ—51在下肢血栓放射免疫显像中的初步应用

为评估放射免疫显像（ＲＩ）对下肢血栓的诊断价值，应用亚锡离子还原法进行９９ｍＴｃ标记抗人活化血小板单克隆抗体ＳＺ５１，对８例下肢血管性病变患者，静脉注射９９ｍＴｃＳＺ５１后２、４和６小时行平面显像，必要时加做断层显像，或采集２４小时后的延迟图像。结果：８例中７例属下肢血管血栓，１例为下肢静脉曲张伴皮肤溃疡。７例中３例新鲜血栓ＲＩＩ均为阳性，其中１例经溶栓治疗，ＲＩＩ复查转为阴性；另外４例系陈旧性血栓，ＲＩ阴性。结论：９９ｍＴｃＳＺ５１ＲＩＩ适用于下肢新鲜血栓的诊断，尚可有效地观察溶栓疗法的效果。     

犬颈内动脉血栓99mTc-SZ-51放免显像研究

犬颈内动脉血栓９９ｍＴｃＳＺ５１放免显像研究李文包仕尧何广仁邵国富吴锦昌张志琳将我院制备的一株抗人活化血小板α颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ１４０）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）ＳＺ５１〔１，２〕，用９９ｍＴｃ标记后对犬颈内动脉血栓模型进行放免显像，旨在评估Ｓ...     

~(99m)Tc标记抗CA15-3 McAb乳腺癌放免显像初步临床研究

为评价９９ｍＴｃ标记抗ＣＡ１５３单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）ＭＡＣＡ１放射免疫显像（ＲＩＩ）诊断乳腺癌的临床价值，对７例乳腺肿瘤患者进行ＲＩ，并测定标记ＭｃＡｂ血液半清除时间（Ｔ１／２）和生物学分布。结果：３例原发性乳腺癌和１例右侧乳腺癌根治术５年后右腋窝淋巴结转移者，ＲＩ阳性；１例左侧原发性乳腺癌伴左腋窝淋巴结转移者，ＲＩＩ假阴性；１例右侧乳腺癌根治术７年后常规随访和１例左侧乳腺小叶增生者，ＲＩ阴性。标记ＭｃＡｂ血液Ｔ１／２：快相为０７８±０３０小时，慢相为１９９０±３７５小时。全身显像示标记ＭｃＡｂ主要通过肝、肾清除。因此，９９ｍＴｃＭＡＣＡ１ＲＩＩ可作为乳腺癌诊断的重要辅助手段，对术后复发、淋巴结转移等具有一定的诊断价值。     

胃排空动态显像中双核素标准餐的应用

目的研究１３１Ｉ小牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）和９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ双核素胃排空动态显像的方法及探讨其临床应用价值。方法用前临时标记１３１ＩＢＳＡ和９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ，配成１３１ＩＢＳＡ鸡蛋固体餐和９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ水液体餐。固体餐经人胃液消化试验，检测标记物稳定性。检查３５例慢性胃炎病人和１０例健康志愿者的胃排空功能，其中２例在３天内进行了１３１ＩＢＳＡ鸡蛋餐和９９ｍＴｃ硫胶体（Ｓｃ）鸡肝餐两法对照，比较其相关性。结果１３１ＩＢＳＡ和９９ｍＴｃＳｃ在胃液中消化２小时，脱标率分别为３００％和５１６％；１３１ＩＢＳＡ鸡蛋餐法和９９ｍＴｃＳｃ鸡肝餐法相关性好，ｒ＝０９８９，Ｐ＜００１；对照组固相半排空时间（ＨＳＥＴ）为５８２±１７７分钟，液相半排空时间（ＨＬＥＴ）为２３５±９４分钟；病例组ＨＳＥＴ为９２５±２９６分钟，ＨＬＥＴ为３７２±１６６分钟；固相和液相两组差异均有显著性（ｔ＝３４７４和２４８５，Ｐ＜００１）。结论１３１ＩＢＳＡ鸡蛋餐、９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ液体餐同时使用（双核素标准餐法）可为临床提供胃排空固体和液体食物的情况     

99mTc-MDP乳腺显像诊断乳腺肿块的价值

目的评价９９ｍＴｃ羟基亚甲基二膦酸（ＭＤＰ）乳腺显像对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法对６５例乳腺肿块患者进行乳腺和骨显像，取前位、左侧位、右侧位。病人均经手术和病理检查证实。结果９９ｍＴｃＭＤＰ诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度为９３３％，特异性８２９％，诊断正确率８７７％，假阴性率６７％，假阳性率１７１％，乳腺肿块与健侧相应部位ＲＯＩ的放射性比值，乳腺癌组为２５１±０３３，良性病变组为１９１±０２０，Ｐ＜０００１。３０例乳腺癌骨显像中７例发现有转移灶。结论９９ｍＴｃＭＤＰ显像对乳腺癌的诊断、良恶性乳腺肿块的鉴别及有无早期骨转移灶的判断很有价值。     

应用多种脑功能显像剂的脑膜瘤显像特征

目的探讨应用多种脑功能显像剂进行脑膜瘤显像的特征表现及诊断脑膜瘤的互补作用。方法对２１例脑膜瘤病人（良性１８例，恶性３例）进行了脑血流显像、９９ｍＴｃ乙撑双半胱氨酸二乙酯（ＥＣＤ）、９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ和（或）９９ｍＴｃ甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）脑显像。分析病灶的显像特征和计算放射性摄取比值（Ｔ／Ｎ）。病人均有ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ检查。结果１６／２０例肿瘤部位动脉期有放射性异常增高。１７／１９例９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤ显像表现为形态规整、边缘光滑的卵圆或圆形内凹缺损，１例为额顶叶受压变平，仅１例无异常发现；１７／１７例９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ、１４／１４例９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ显像表现为均匀的放射性浓聚，形态与９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤ显像所示缺损区吻合。３种显像剂的Ｔ／Ｎ值互不相关，仅９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤ的Ｔ／Ｎ值恶性病变显著低于良性病变。结论９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤ结合９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ或９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ脑显像能明确脑膜瘤的诊断，９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤＴ／Ｎ值能否提示脑膜瘤的良恶性尚待积累资料     

心肌灌注显像剂^99mTc—tetrofosmin的临床前研究

对８名健康志愿者进行９９ｍＴｃｔｅｔｒｏｆｏｓｍｉｎ的临床前试验。采用一天或两天显像方案，行９９ｍＴｃｔｅｔｒｏｆｏｓｍｉｎ运动负荷和静息显像。通过采血和留尿测定药代动力学参数；采用全身扫描及感兴趣区等技术进行人体分布、靶／非靶比值、有效显像剂量和显像方案研究；依ＭＩＲＤ法估算各种用药情况下的内照射吸收剂量，进行辐射安全评价。结果：９９ｍＴｃｔｅｔｒｏｆｏｓｍｉｎ符合一次静脉给药的药代动力学二室模型，血药总清除率为１２７０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；心肌摄取较高，以百分注射剂量（％ＩＤ）为单位，给药后５分钟和６０分钟，运动负荷显像分别为３４０±０１３和２３６±０１９，静息显像则为３１１±１０２和２２２±０６８，前者摄取略高；在２７０～９２５ＭＢｑ给药剂量范围内，一天或两天方案的平面及ＳＰＥＣＴ显像图同样清晰，肝和肺本底低；内照射吸收剂量符合安全标准。临床前试验证明，９９ｍＴｃｔｅｔｒｏｆｏｓｍｉｎ安全有效，这为临床应用提供了依据。     

^99mTc—P357血栓显像诊断急性肺栓塞的初步临床研究

为评价９９ｍＴｃＰ３５７血栓显像对急性肺栓塞的诊断价值及其安全性，对７例疑有急性肺动脉血栓栓塞的患者，经静脉注射９９ｍＴｃＰ３５７，１和２小时后行肺平面及断层显像，并与９９ｍＴｃ大颗粒聚合白蛋白肺灌注显像、肺动脉造影、超高速ＣＴ、ＤＳＡ和螺旋ＣＴ对比。结果：４例急性肺栓塞中３例９９ｍＴｃＰ３５７血栓显像阳性，１例溶栓后１个月血栓显像为阴性；另外３例显像结果为阴性，临床诊断分别为慢性肺栓塞、肺血管炎和高血压。初步临床研究表明，９９ｍＴｃＰ３５７对急性肺栓塞的诊断有较大价值。     

几种抗人肺癌细胞单克隆抗体及其片段放射免疫显像的实验研究

对几种特异性强、灵敏度高的抗人肺癌细胞单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）及其片段，选择理想的放射性核素标记，为临床放射免疫显像（ＲＩＩ）提供实验依据。采用本室提供的３种ＩｇＧＭｃＡｂ：抗人大细胞肺癌ＭｃＡｂ（２Ｅ３）、抗人肺鳞状细胞癌ＭｃＡｂ（Ｓｍ１）、抗人肺腺癌ＭｃＡｂ（Ａｍ７）及２Ｅ３Ｆ（ａｂ′）２，中国科学院上海细胞所提供的ＩｇＭ抗人肺腺癌ＭｃＡｂ（ＬＣ１）及其片段，制备载人大细胞肺癌细胞株（ＰＬＡ８０１）或人肺腺癌细胞株（沪Ａ１）肿瘤裸鼠模型。注入１２５Ｉ、１３１Ｉ或９９ｍＴｃ标记的上述ＭｃＡｂ，行载瘤裸鼠显像。动态显像时应用感兴趣区法计算各时相Ｔ／ＮＴ值，并在注射ＭｃＡｂ后２４小时杀死动物，测定抗体生物分布。结果１３１Ｉ标记Ａｍ７、Ｓｍ１、２Ｅ３及ＬＣ１在２４小时载瘤裸鼠显影均良好。动态显像，各时相Ｔ／ＮＴ值及２４小时生物分布表明：９９ｍＴｃ标记ＭｃＡｂ优于１３１Ｉ标记ＭｃＡｂ；抗体片段优于完整抗体；单抗在同型抗原肿瘤的浓聚高于异型抗原肿瘤。故临床肿瘤ＲＩＩ核素采用９９ｍＴｃ、抗体选择混合抗体为好。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.