腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合术

目的:探讨腹腔镜下胆道造影和胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合术的可行性。方法:34例先天性胆总管囊肿患者行腹腔镜下胆道造影,胆囊和囊状胆管完全切除,经脐孔提出空肠行Roux-en-Y吻合和体内肝管空肠吻合手术。结果:胆道造影显示胆管囊状扩张24例,梭形扩张10例。33例腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,手术时间平均4.2h(3.5~6.5h);1例胰腺内胆总管远段囊肿中转开腹手术。4例合并肝管狭窄同时行胆管成形术。术后5~7d患者痊愈出院。31例获得随访,5~40个月未发生术后并发症。结论:腹腔镜下胆道造影简便实用,对指导镜下根治切除囊肿,避免损伤胆胰管连接部和处理肝内胆管狭窄有重要参考价值。     

先天性胆管囊状扩张症的手术治疗体会

目的探讨先天性胆管囊状扩张症的手术方法。方法回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2008年8月15例先天性胆总管囊状扩张症的临床资料。11例（9例Ⅰ型、2例Ⅳ型）行胆总管囊肿切除＋肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例Ⅰ型癌变行胰头十二指肠切除术,Ⅱ型1例行单纯囊肿切除＋T管引流术,Ⅲ型1例行Oddi括约肌成形术,Ⅴ型1例行肝门部胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果全组15例均恢复顺利,无一例发生胆瘘、胰瘘,1例Ⅳ型病人术后出现肝内胆管结石并反复发作胆管炎。结论手术是先天性胆管囊状扩张症惟一有效的治疗方法,胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是Ⅰ型先天性胆管囊状扩张症的一种较为合理的手术方式。     

先天性胆总管囊肿术后远期并发症及处理

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿术后远期并发症的治疗。 方法 回顾分析1999年1月至2008年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院普外科收治的48例先天性胆总管囊肿术后出现远期并发症的临床资料。 结果 先天性胆总管囊肿术后远期并发症主要有胆管结石形成31例,反流性胆管炎25例,吻合口狭窄16例,囊肿癌变3例。手术治疗方式包括囊肿彻底切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术28例,胆肠吻合口切除、再吻合术7例,胆道探查取石术3例,胆道探查取石术并肝段切除术3例,囊肿切除加胰十二指肠切除术1例。经皮经肝胆道镜治疗吻合口狭窄和（或）胆管结石6例。 结论 先天性胆总管囊肿术后远期并发症的发生常与首次手术方式选择不当有关。治疗上以囊肿切除、去除病灶、解除梗阻、胆胰分流、通畅引流为目标,减少再手术后并发症。     

先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因及处理对策

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因及处理对策.方法 对15例先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料及再手术方法和疗效进行总结分析.结果 前次手术方式为胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石者8例;胆总管囊肿空肠侧侧或侧端吻合术者5例;胆总管囊肿十二指肠侧侧吻合术、左肝外叶切除术者1例;行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠端端内引流术者1例.前次手术并发症为胆管结石形成14例,胆道感染10例,癌变1例.再次手术以切除囊肿、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术为主,术后随访平均(41.5±30.9)个月,随访期间发生胆道感染1例,无吻合口狭窄或结石形成等并发症发生.结论 胆总管囊肿首次术式选择不当及诊断失误出现的多种并发症是导致再手术的主要原因,囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术是再手术的基本术式.     

Ⅰ型先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗

目的探讨Ⅰ型先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院1987年3月至2011年6月期间收治的42例Ⅰ型先天性胆总管囊肿患者手术治疗后的效果。结果本组中2例因并发腹膜炎先行囊肿外引流术后4周再行囊肿空肠吻合术;3例直接行囊肿空肠吻合术;35例行囊肿切除肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;2例行囊肿切除间置空肠肝总管十二指肠吻合术。手术成功率为100%。5例内引流术(囊肿空肠吻合术)后均有不同程度的胆道感染症状。37例行囊肿根治术(即囊肿切除肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合或间置空肠肝总管十二指肠吻合术)中有2例囊肿切除肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后患者偶有右上腹隐痛不适,经X线钡餐检查,诊断为胆管逆行性感染,抗炎治疗有效;其余病例无腹痛、黄疸、发热、再生结石、吻合口狭窄、癌变及其他手术并发症。结论囊肿外引流术仅作为急诊手术,待患者一般情况改善后再行第二次手术;囊肿根治术是治疗Ⅰ型先天性胆总管囊肿理想的手术方式。     

胆总管囊肿病人手术切除后的晚期并发症(英)

胆总管囊肿、先天性胆道扩张,多伴有胰胆管汇合处异常。本症首选的治疗是行肝外扩张的胆管全切除及行肝管空肠吻合术,但术后晚期并发症尚未研究。近来有报道肝内残留扩张的胆管有癌变的可能,晚期并发症还包括胆管炎、胆内胆管结石等病人与方法:28例肝外胆管囊肿切除病人,女性26例,男性2例,平均年龄32±14岁,平均随访期为8±5年。27例术前行内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影,提示有胰胆管汇合处异常。行胆囊和扩张的总胆管切除和肝管空肠吻合术。吻合口直径最小者为10mm,最大者为40mm。Roux-en-Y空肠襻长40cm,用可吸收缝线行端例肝管空肠一层缝合。     

先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术

目的：探讨先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术原因及术式的选择。方法：对15例先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术进行回顾性分析。结果：再次手术的原因是囊肿切除发生癌变3例；囊肿未切除形成结石4例；囊肿或胆管与肠道吻合口狭窄6例；返流性胆管炎1例；未切除胆囊及复发性胆囊炎6例。术式有两种，一种为间置空肠胆管十二指肠吻合术，一种为胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术。结论：应遵循彻底切除囊肿和切除胆囊，选择胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术是提高手术效果，防止返流性胆管炎和避免再次手术的重要环节。     

腹腔镜胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术在胆道再次手术中的应用分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胆管空肠吻合术(LRCJS)在再次胆道手术中的应用指征、操作技巧与疗效。方法:回顾分析2018年6月至2021年12月收治的首次胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后应用LRCJS再次行胆道手术的36例患者的临床资料。结果:首次实施Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合的原因：腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊三角区严重粘连或解剖变异致胆管损伤后修复19例，肝内胆管结石术式选择不当7例，胆总管复发结石3例，Mirizzi综合征肝总管狭窄4例，胆总管囊肿2例，胆总管中段腺瘤1例。LRCJS再次手术前患者均行CT、MRCP等检查，诊断为胆肠吻合口瘢痕狭窄伴结石形成25例、肝总管狭窄伴结石4例、肝左叶胆管结石伴胆管炎7例。经术前评估内镜逆行胰胆管造影难以取出结石与纠正狭窄。25例行原胆肠吻合口拆开扩大+胆道镜取石再吻合术，4例行原胆肠吻合口拆开取石+左右肝管整形+胆肠吻合术，7例行肝左叶切除+右肝管空肠吻合术。随访6个月至4年，2例偶发右上腹疼痛、发热等急性胆管炎症状，余者均痊愈。结论:胆肠吻合术后再次行LRCJS具有痛苦少、创伤小、康复快的优势，但手术难度较大，有损伤腹腔脏器的风险，术者...     

先天性胆总管囊肿手术治疗经验

目的：总结先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗经验。方法：对194例先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗经验进行回顾性分析。结果：194例均行囊肿切除,胆道重建术：（1）肝管十二指肠吻合术4例;（2）间置空肠肝管十二指肠吻合术（人工乳头）15例;（3）间置胆囊肝管十二指肠吻合术4例;（4）肝管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术171例。本组190例术后恢复顺利,手术死亡4例（2．06％）。结论：囊肿可使胆汁流入胰管内并发胰腺炎,囊肿易癌变,囊肿可形成盲袋和死腔易形成结石,故囊肿切除胆道重建术是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的最佳选择。尽管胆道建术式较多,但以肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术是胆道重建术的一种理想手术。     

先天性胆管囊肿术后再次手术分析

目的探讨先天性胆管囊肿再次手术的原因和外科处理要点。方法回顾分析6年间我院收治的先天性胆管囊肿术后再次手术病例(35例)的临床资料。结果再次手术的原因主要有:胆肠吻合口狭窄伴肝内胆管结石、残余胰腺段胆管囊肿伴结石、胆管囊肿癌变。再次手术的方式以胆管囊肿彻底切除、肝门部胆管整形、胆道探查取石、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术、及胰十二指肠切除术为主要术式。结论先天性胆管囊肿手术后再次手术的关键包括残余囊肿切除、消除胆胰管合流异常、解除吻合口梗阻、通畅胆汁引流、去除肝内肝外结石病灶等。     

Choledochal cysts in adults.

The clinical features and management of 14 adults with choledochal cysts who presented to our hospital are discussed. There were 10 Todani type I, and four type IV cysts. The cysts were fusiform in all but three cases. The pancreatobiliary junction was abnormal in only two patients. Ten patients had cystolithiasis. Six patients had undergone previous biliary surgery, three of whom presented with biliary strictures. We recommend that choledochal cyst be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with dilated bile ducts, especially when symptoms persist after biliary surgery. In two patients who had undergone endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone clearance, and in whom the diagnosis was still in doubt after cholangiography, hepatic iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan confirmed the diagnosis of choledochal cyst by showing persistent biliary stagnation despite free flow of bile across the sphincter of Oddi. Complete resection of the cyst was achieved in all cases with one postoperative death. A modification of the standard surgical technique is described which makes mobilisation of the cyst easier. The need to demonstrate the pancreatobiliary ductal confluence as an aid to complete excision of the cyst is emphasised.     

胆总管囊肿外引流后再手术临床分析

目的 探讨胆总管囊肿外引流及其再手术治疗。方法 回顾性总结施行Ｂ超引导下囊肿穿刺或Ｔ形管引流后再手术的胆总管囊肿病人１３例。结果 １１例行囊肿切除胆道重建术,２例行囊肿内引流术。１例术后出现胆漏并死亡。结论囊肿外引流不会使随后的囊肿切除变得复杂,对于急危重患者,宜先行囊肿外引流。     

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尽可能彻底切除异常扩张的胆管并实现胆汁与胰液完全分流是目前先天性胆管扩张症手术治疗的主要目标,但胆肠吻合的质量对远期疗效有重要影响,需严格遵循胆道外科基本原则实施操作。胆肠吻合口狭窄是先天性胆管扩张症术后远期疗效不佳的最常见原因。大致可分为两种类型,一类为原行囊肿空肠吻合或囊肿部分切除、上段残留囊肿空肠吻合者,胆肠吻合口相对于明显膨大的囊肿残腔呈"相对性狭窄";另一类为通常意义的胆肠吻合口狭窄,与囊肿上切缘位置过高、原有肝门区胆管结构异常、肝内胆管囊肿未妥善处理、吻合操作欠妥等有一定关系。总结此类病人术后胆肠吻合口狭窄及结石再生的原因,对更合理地治疗先天性胆管扩张症确有现实意义。     

先天性胆总管囊肿23例诊治体会

目的探讨先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断和治疗方法。方法对23例先天性胆总管囊肿患者行胆总管囊肿切除,肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y端侧吻合术,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果 2例出现胆漏,经引流8～12 d后好转,1例反复胆道感染,经抗菌素治疗症状得到控制,余患者恢复良好。结论胆总管囊肿切除,肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y端侧吻合术是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的较好术式。     

Congenital choledochal cyst: Occurrence of primary intrahepatic stones and prevention of carcinogenesis

Intrahepatic biliary stones and carcinogenesis are two major complications seen after corrective surgery for congenital choledochal cyst. The incidence of these two complications was reviewed in patients seen at out-patient clinics at a mean follow-up time of 13 years and 6 months. Intrahepatic biliary stones developed in 5 of 56 patients who had undergone a standard excisional operation; in 4 of the 5 patients, the stones were found in the preexisting intrahepatic biliary dilatation (with or without a downstream stenosis), 7–15 years postoperatively. Biliary stricture with dilatation is a putative cause of intrahepatic bile duct stones, and this hypothesis was supported here, since stones developed in all 3 of the patients who had the peculiar configuration of intrahepatic biliary dilatation and stenosis. Biliary carcinoma was not observed in any of the 56 patients who had undergone standard excision of a choledochal cyst followed by hepatico-jejunostomy, but developed in 1 of 12 patients in whom complete excisional resection of the dilated extrahepatic bile duct had not been performed. The occurrence of carcinoma in choledochal cysts is reviewed.     

Complete laparoscopic management of choledochal cyst: report of two cases

BACKGROUND: Choledochal cyst is a rare congenital anomaly of the biliary tract. With increased familiarity with the laparoscopic anatomy of the biliary tract and advances in minimally invasive techniques, surgeons have ventured further to operate on technically difficult cases such as choledochal cyst that were until recently managed by laparotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present our experience with two female patients aged 14 years and 26 years with choledochal cyst (type I according to the Alonzo-Lej classification) that were successfully excised with construction of a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy entirely laparoscopically. RESULTS: Both patients had an uneventful recovery, with no major morbidity. The first patient had a bile leak, which resolved over 5 days. Both were discharged by the 5(th) postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic management of choledochal cyst is feasible although technically difficult and may be performed in specialized institutes dealing with advanced laparoscopic surgery.     

The long-term outcome of hepaticojejunostomy in the treatment of benign bile duct strictures.

OBJECTIVE: The authors review the treatment and outcome of patients with benign bile duct strictures who underwent biliary enteric repair. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The authors conducted a retrospective review of all clinical records of patients referred for treatment of benign bile duct strictures caused by surgery, trauma, or common bile duct lithiasis or choledochal cyst. The authors performed univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical and pathologic factors in relation to patient outcome and survivals. METHODS: Eighty-four patients with documented benign bile duct strictures underwent hepaticojejunostomy, choledochojejunostomy, and intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy during a 15-year period (January 1975 to December 1989). Morbidity, mortality, and patient survival rates were measured. RESULTS: Early and late outcomes correlated neither with demographic and clinical features at presentation nor with etiologic or pathologic characteristics of the stricture. Best results correlated with high biliary enteric anastomoses and degree of common bile duct dilatation independently of bile duct stricture location. CONCLUSIONS: High biliary enteric anastomosis provides a safe, durable, and highly effective solution to the problem of benign strictures of the bile duct. Transanastomotic tube stenting is unnecessary. Endoscopic and percutaneous transhepatic dilatation seems more appropriate for the treatment of patients in poor condition and those with anastomotic strictures.     

Congenital cystic dilatation of bile ducts

Congenital cystic dilatation of bile ducts is a rare condition. We report a retrospective study about 18 patients having congenital bile duct cysts. According to Todani's classification, 11 cases were type I and 7 were type V. Six patients from the first group had a pancreatobiliary maljunction. A total resection of the cyst was conducted in the type I cysts. Anatomopathologic examination showed an adenocarcinoma of a common bile duct cyst. In one case, a cancer of the gall bladder associated to a common bile duct cyst in another case. Three patients with segmental dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts (type V) underwent liver resection. Four patients had a diffuse form, one of them was treated by percutaneous drainage, and in the other cases a hepatojejunostomy was performed. Postoperative course was complicated with acute cholangitis in these four cases. Percutaneous drainage and antibiotics allowed a positive outcome in most of the cases. In one case, secondary biliary cirrhosis occurred as a long-term complication. Congenital cystic dilatation of bile ducts is considered to be a precancer state. Enterocystic anastomosis is proscribed and the resection has to be as complete as possible.     

腹腔镜在新生儿及幼婴胆道疾病诊治中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜在新生儿及幼婴胆道疾病诊治中的价值.方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2004年8月我院9例新生儿及幼婴胆道疾病腹腔诊断和治疗的临床资料.结果9例患儿行腹腔镜探查,其中胆总管囊肿2例,胆道闭锁5例,胆汁黏稠1例,胆道发育不良1例.8例胆道造影成功.2例胆总管囊肿行腹腔镜下囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术.5例胆道闭锁中3例行开腹扩大肝门、肝肠吻合术;1例行腹腔镜下扩大肝门、肝肠吻合术;1例拒绝根治,放弃手术.1例胆道发育不良行开腹扩大肝门、肝肠吻合术.1例胆汁黏稠行胆道冲洗术.结论腹腔镜是诊断新生儿及幼婴胆道疾病简单、可靠的方法.腹腔镜治疗胆道疾病具有微创、美观、出血少、恢复快优特点,临床效果可靠.     

Forme fruste choledochal cyst

Four patients had the characteristic features of choledochal cyst except for the cystic component. All patients had stenosis of the distal common bile duct, a "long common channel" secondary to a proximal junction of the common bile and pancreatic ducts, cholecystitis and the classic pathological microscopic features of choledochal cyst in the wall of the common bile duct. Three children had coexisting intrahepatic duct cysts and/or stenosis and one had intrahepatic choledocholithiasis. The clinical presentations were cholangitis (2), pancreatitis (1) and biliary obstruction (1). In all cases the common bile duct was resected and biliary reconstruction was carried out by choledochojejunostomy (Roux-en-Y). Morbidity was minor except in one patient with ductal disease extending far into the intrahepatic ducts. This child developed an anastomotic stricture requiring revision of the anastomosis and long-term "U" tube stenting. Forme fruste choledochal cyst appears to be another variation in the spectrum of pancreaticobiliary malformations of choledochal cyst. Treatment is identical, that is, excision of all malformed ductal tissue.