髋周良性骨病的影像诊断

目的 评价57例髋周良性骨病的影像学表现.方法 回顾性分析57例经穿刺活检或手术病理证实的髋周良性骨病的影像学表现.全部病例均行X线平片检查,32例同时行CT检查,21例行MRI检查.结果 骨囊肿13例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿16例,骨巨细胞瘤6例,软骨母细胞瘤2例(合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例),骨母细胞瘤1例,骨样骨瘤3例,骨化性纤维瘤2例,非骨化性纤维瘤3例,骨纤维异常增殖症6例,嗜酸性肉芽肿3例,骨结核2例.结论 髋周良性骨病以骨囊肿及动脉瘤样骨囊肿为好发病种.     

髂骨原发囊样骨肿瘤及瘤样病变的影像学诊断

目的:分析髂骨囊样骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的影像学表现。方法:回顾性分析经穿刺或/和手术病理证实的46例髂骨囊样骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变影像学表现。46例全部行X线片检查,38例行CT检查,20例行MRI检查(增强16例)。结果:46例中骨肿瘤29例,其中良性肿瘤12例(骨巨细胞瘤4例,内生软骨瘤、软骨母细胞瘤各2例,血管瘤、骨母细胞瘤、骨样骨瘤、软骨黏液样纤维瘤各1例),恶性肿瘤17例(恶性巨细胞瘤、骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各1例,软骨肉瘤、淋巴瘤各4例,骨肉瘤7例),肿瘤样病变17例(单纯性骨囊肿1例,邻关节骨囊肿、动脉瘤样骨囊肿、嗜酸性肉芽肿各2例,骨纤维异常增生症10例)。发病部位为髂翼39例,髋臼7例。病变主要表现为髂骨囊样骨质破坏,呈膨胀性改变30例,硬化环形成24例,病变内见钙化灶14例,软组织肿块20例。结论:常见的髂骨囊样骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变一般都具有某些特征性的CT表现,必要时综合X线、MRI表现,可提高定性诊断符合率。     

原发性跟骨骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的影像观察

目的 评价跟骨骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的影像学表现,鉴别病变的良恶性.方法 回顾性分析经穿刺和手术病理证实的22例跟骨病变的影像学表现,其中6例良性肿瘤,4恶性肿瘤,12例肿瘤样病变.22例中21例行X线检查,10例行CT检查,3例行MRI检查.结果 22例跟骨病变中,良性骨肿瘤包括4例成软骨细胞瘤、1例骨样骨瘤、1例骨巨细胞瘤;骨肿瘤样病变包括10例骨囊肿和2例动脉瘤样骨囊肿;恶性骨肿瘤包括2例骨肉瘤、1例软骨肉瘤和1例滑膜肉瘤.结论 X线平片、CT及MRI综合表现可做到对跟骨骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变较为准确的定性分析,特别是良恶性鉴别.     

股骨近端良性骨病的影像特征研究

目的:分析股骨近端良性骨肿瘤与肿瘤样病变的影像学特征表现,探讨其临床意义。方法:回顾性分析56例经手术病理证实的股骨近端良性骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的影像学特征表现。全部病例均行X线检查,其中30例同时行CT检查,25例行MRI检查。结果:骨囊肿15例,骨纤维结构不良11例,骨软骨瘤6例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿5例,骨巨细胞瘤5例,软骨母细胞瘤和骨母细胞瘤各3例,骨化性纤维瘤2例,非骨化性纤维瘤1例,纤维组织细胞瘤1例,内生软骨瘤1例,韧带样纤维瘤1例,软骨粘液样纤维瘤1例,骨样骨瘤1例。所有病例在病变部位、数目、大小、边界、内部结构、软组织改变及病理性骨折方面具有一些共性及特性。结论:股骨近端良性骨病种类繁多,以骨纤维结构不良和骨囊肿为好发病种,多种影像学方法的联合使用在诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要作用,有利于临床选择治疗方式及评判预后。     

跟骨病变的影像学诊断

目的评价跟骨病变的影像学表现。资料与方法回顾性分析经穿刺和手术病理证实的25例跟骨病变影像学表现,其中7例感染性病变(松毛虫感染1例,慢性骨髓炎3例,Reiter’s病1例,结核2例),14例良性肿瘤和肿瘤样病变(骨囊肿4例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿3例,成软骨细胞瘤、血管瘤、内生软骨瘤、软骨黏液样纤维瘤、巨细胞瘤、巨细胞瘤伴动脉瘤样骨囊肿和脂肪瘤各1例),4例恶性骨肿瘤(骨肉瘤和软骨肉瘤各2例)。25例均行X线平片检查,16例行CT检查,8例行MRI检查。结果14例良性肿瘤和肿瘤样病变中11例发生于跟距关节下方,部位较具特征性。感染性病变和良、恶性骨肿瘤影像表现各异,具有各自的相对特征性。结论结合病变部位和平片、CT及MRI综合表现可对跟骨病变进行比较准确的定性。     

跟骨病变的影像学表现

目的 探讨跟骨病变影像学诊断及鉴别诊断.方法 搜集经病理证实的跟骨病变25例,25例均行 X线平片检查, 8例行CT检查, 3例行MRI检查.回顾性分析其临床特点和影像学表现.结果 25例跟骨病变中5例为感染性病变(骨结核3例,骨髓炎1例,Brodie's脓肿1例),17例为良性骨肿瘤或肿瘤样病变(骨囊肿9例,软骨母细胞瘤3例,骨软骨瘤3例,骨样骨瘤1例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例), 3例为恶性骨肿瘤(非何杰金淋巴瘤1例,骨肉瘤1例,软骨肉瘤1例).9例位于跟骨窦(骨肿瘤或肿瘤样病变8例,感染性病变1例),7例位于跟骨结节(感染性病变4例,骨肿瘤或肿瘤样病变3例),1例位于跟骨前突起,2例位于跟距关节面,1例位于跟骨体,5例累计整个跟骨.感染性病变和良、恶性骨肿瘤影像表现具有各自的相对特征性.结论 跟骨病变的诊断应以影像学特征为基础,结合发病率、部位和年龄等临床资料,以便做出正确的诊断.     

跟骨和距骨良性囊样病变影像学表现

目的 评价跟骨或距骨良性囊样病变的影像学表现. 资料与方法 回顾性分析27例经穿刺活检或手术病理证实的跟骨或距骨良性囊样病变的影像学表现.全部病例均行X线平片检查,20例行CT检查,10例行MRI检查. 结果 骨囊肿8例,软骨母细胞瘤8例(合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿4例),邻关节囊肿5例,脂肪瘤3例,骨巨细胞瘤2例,骨纤维结构不良1例.平片及CT显示大小不等囊性低密度病灶;MRI信号表现各具特征. 结论 跟骨或距骨良性囊样病变的影像学表现具有一定特征.     

脊柱良性骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的影像学诊断

评价脊柱良性骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的影像表现。材料和方法：回顾性分析30例脊柱良性骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变,行X光平片,CT或MRI检查,均经穿刺和手术病理证实。结果：发生于颈椎8例,发生于胸椎10例,发生于腰骶椎12例,血管瘤、骨母细胞瘤、巨细胞瘤、内生软骨瘤、嗜酸性肉芽肿和动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像表现各异,具有特征性。结论：综合平片、CT和MRI分析对脊柱良性病变不难作出诊断。     

发生于10岁以下儿童的原发性骨疾患:活检结果的回顾

作者回顾分析了249例骨肿瘤忠儿的268个活检结果,据发病率高低依次为:①骨软骨瘤55例;②组织细胞病X54例;③骨囊肿35例;④尤文氏瘤18例;⑤骨肉瘤16例;⑥纤维结构不良13例;⑦动脉瘤样骨囊肿11例;⑧骨样骨瘤9例;⑨软骨瘤6例;⑩骨化性肌炎5例;(11)修复性巨细胞肉芽肿5例;(12)非骨化性纤维瘤4例;(13)骨恶性淋巴瘤3例;(14)良性骨母细胞瘤3例;(15)软骨母细胞瘤2例;(16)纤维肉瘤2例;(17)脊索瘤1例;(18)软骨肉瘤1例;(19)其他包括2例胸壁错构瘤、1例血管瘤、     

髋骨良性骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的CT分析(附10例分析)

目的探讨髋骨良性骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的CT表现.材料和方法经手术病理和临床活检证实共10例,其中成软骨细胞瘤和骨巨细胞瘤各3例,骨纤维异常增殖症2例,非骨化性纤维瘤和嗜酸性肉芽肿各1例.结果CT显示肿瘤钙化机率高于X线平片,但对诊断和鉴别诊断的价值有限;对肿瘤的内部结构和病变周围软组织的显示CT优于X线平片.结论充分利用CT密度分辨力、横断多层面的解剖结构的优越性,可显示X线平片见不到的征象.     

Bone and soft tissue tumors of hip and pelvis

Objective is to identify epidemiologic and radiologic criteria allowing specific diagnoses of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the hip region and pelvis, and to optimize pre-operative staging. Patients with pelvic tumors are usually older, and their tumors are larger relative to patients with tumors in extremities. The majority of tumors in the pelvis are malignant (metastases, myeloma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing-, osteo-, and MFH/fibrosarcoma), while those in the proximal femur are in majority benign (fibrous dysplasia, solitary bone cyst, and osteoid osteoma). Soft tissue masses in the thigh in the elderly are typically sarcomas without tumor specific signs. Common tumor-like lesions occurring in the hip and pelvis that can mimic neoplasm are: infections (including tuberculosis), insufficiency/avulsion fractures, cysts, fibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cyst, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and Paget's disease. Local MR staging is based on the compartmental anatomy. The psoas and gluteal muscles are easily invaded by sarcoma originating in the ileum. The pectineus muscle protects the neurovascular bundle at the level of the hip. The thigh is separated into three compartments, some structures (Sartorius muscle) cross borders between compartments. Immobile joints (SI-joints, osteoarthritic hip) are relatively easily crossed by sarcoma and giant cell tumor.     

Benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions: value of cross-sectional imaging

This article reviews the role of CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone with with regard to differential diagnosis, the assessment of tumor-related complications, and the detection of postoperative recurrence. Indications for cross-sectional imaging of specific lesions, including osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, enchondroma, osteochondroma, intraosseous lipoma, hemangioma, giant cell tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, simple bone cyst, and eosinophilic granuloma, are discussed, and advantages and disadvantages of the different imaging modalities are illustrated on the basis of pathologically confirmed cases.     

股骨上段骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的平片与CT表现(附24例分析)

目的　分析股骨上段骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的平片与CT表现 ,旨在提高对该区病变的诊断水平。方法　 2 4例经手术病理证实的病例 ,回顾性分析平片与CT表现 ,并与手术病理结果相对照。结果　 19例 ( 79.2 % )包括转移性肿瘤 6例 ,骨巨细胞瘤 4例 ,骨纤维异常增殖症 4例 ,骨囊肿 3例 ,软骨肉瘤、骨肉瘤各 1例 ,术前诊断与手术病理结果一致。 5例 ( 2 0 .8% )包括不典型骨肉瘤、海绵状血管瘤、软骨黏液样纤维瘤、骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤及淋巴瘤各 1例 ,平片与CT表现不典型 ,术前定性诊断与手术病理结果不完全一致。结论　平片是股骨上段骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的主要检查方法。CT对病灶内部细致观察及显示软组织侵犯较平片为好。局部病灶活检是确诊的有效方法     

Case report 748

A case of chondroblastoma associated with an aneurysmal bone cyst has been described. The radiographic appearance of the lesion understandably reflects the combined features of both tumors. Up to one-half of all cases of aneurysmal bone cysts are found in association with other tumors, benign or malignant, and up to 15% of chondroblastomas are combined with an aneurysmal bone cyst (4).     

MRT-Morphologie von Knochentumoren und tumorähnlichen Läsionen

Spin-echo sequences are mandatory at MRI for staging and characterization of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. MRI is of minor value in the estimation of the malignant potential of an osseous lesion. Although many bone tumors and tumor-like lesions present similar morphology at MRI, some entities can be diagnosed with good reliability. These include chondrogenic tumors, solitary and aneurysmal bone cysts, giant cell tumors, lesions containing fatty tissue and, to a certain extent, osteoid-osteomas and osteoblastomas. Practical advice is given regarding when to perform a MRI study in cases of tumor suspicion. Further advices are given for cases a tumor is found incidentally at a MRI study, how to modify the study and which kind of tumor may be present.     

Tumor-like lesions

Tumor-like bone lesions include various conditions of a non-neoplastic nature originating from or affecting the bone as solitary or sometimes multiple bone lesions. This review discusses the most important cystic tumor-like lesions, such as simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, intraosseous ganglion, epidermoid cyst and subchondral cyst. MR is the most sensitive method of detection, and is the most accurate in depicting the extent of involvement of these lesions. MR signal characteristics may aid in differential diagnosis. Conventional radiographs are often more specific with respect to the underlying histopathology.     

成人髋臼发育不良并发骨囊变的影像学研讨

目的探讨成人髋臼发育不良（acetabulardysplasia,AD）并发骨囊变的临床及影像学表现特点,提高其影像诊断能力。方法回顾性分析66例成人AD的标准双髋关节前后位X线片、28例CT片、10例MRI片的影像学资料,并按有无髋周骨囊变进行分组：囊变组、无囊变组。测量方法有：髋臼指数、Sharp角、CE角、髋臼顶切线角、AHI（股骨头覆盖率）、髋关节内间隙、髋关节上间隙。数据均以平均值±标准差（x±s）方式表示,通过了检验进行统计学处理,以P〈O．05为具有显著性检验。结果66例成人AD中出现并发症的61例,占92．4％,其中髋关节脱位（含半脱位和脱位）49例,占74．2％,继发骨性关节炎18例,占27．3％。髋臼及股骨头囊状改变24例,占36．4％,其中单纯髋臼囊变14例,占21．2％,股骨头和髋臼同时囊变5例,占7．5％,单纯股骨头囊变5例,占7．5％．襞变组和无囊变组对照测量结果显示两组数据除髋臼指数和髋关节内间隙无差异外（P〉O．05）,其余均有显著性差异（P〈O．05）。结论成人髋臼发育不良易并发髋周骨囊变（软骨下假囊肿）,其发病率与年龄呈正相关,X线、CT、MRI检查是诊断成人AD并发髋周骨囊变（软骨下假囊肿）的有效检查手段,MRI在显示成人AD并发髋关节周围骨囊变方面优于x线平片和CT,尤其是早期显示软骨下小囊变。