输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT诊断价值

目的 总结分析女性输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT特征，以寻求和探讨鉴别诊断依据及CT诊断的价值。方法 回顾性分析10例输卵管卵巢脓肿患者CT腹盆腔增强扫描资料。结果 10例患者CT均显示附件区厚壁囊性或囊实混合性肿块，肿块外缘模糊毛糙，增强多见脓肿壁呈厚壁分层强化及内部强化分隔。其他伴随的CT表现：子宫骶骨韧带增厚9例，直肠周围、骶前脂肪密度增高模糊9例，显示输卵管扩张积脓或积液的管状结构影6例，宫腔积液4例。CT观察到脓肿与盆腔结构粘连包括：肿块与子宫粘连者9例，与直肠、乙状结肠粘连者4例，与盆腔小肠肠管及盆壁结构广泛粘连3例；显示腹膜增厚伴腹水及右侧输卵管卵巢脓肿伴阑尾炎各2例。结论 CT除了能观察附件区囊实性肿块，还能显示相邻盆腔器官的受累粘连及盆底软组织或筋膜层的炎性浸润，能对附件脓肿做定性和定位诊断，对诊断不清的可疑妇科感染有鉴别价值。     

CT及MR在诊断输卵管卵巢脓肿中的作用

目的：分析输卵管卵巢脓肿（tubo-ovarian abscess,TOA）多层螺旋CT（MSCT）,MR征象,探讨影像技术对输卵管卵巢脓肿的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析22例常规活检证实的输卵管卵巢脓肿患者的MSCT平扫及增强,其中7例行MR检查3例行增强MR扫描的影像学表现。结果：附件区厚壁多房囊性或囊实性混合肿块22例（100%）、附件区有增粗积液或积脓的输卵管管状结构影或腊肠样输卵管征象13例（59%）,子宫直肠脂肪间隙消失、脂肪密度增高、骶骨子宫韧带增厚、盆腔积液17例（77%）,CT及MRI增强扫描病灶囊液均未见强化效应,囊壁呈分层强化,并见水肿带,分隔均匀强化。结论：CT及MR检查在输卵管卵巢脓肿的诊断及病情评估中起了非常重要的作用。     

附件脓肿的CT诊断

目的 探讨附件脓肿的CT特征及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析26例经手术证实的附件脓肿,分析其CT影像表现.结果 26例附件脓肿中,单侧6例,双侧20例,共46个病灶,其中输卵管脓肿33个病灶,输卵管卵巢脓肿13个病灶.输卵管脓肿的CT征象为输卵管壁增厚,呈管状、囊状或多房囊状扩张,输卵管积脓.输卵管卵巢脓肿多表现为多房囊实性肿块,卵巢脓肿位于中心,外围由输卵管脓肿包绕,脓肿壁呈环形10例,团片状3例,增强扫描脓肿壁呈分层强化.盆腔结缔组织炎21例,表现为盆腔脂肪模糊、密度增高,宫骶韧带增厚,盆腔腹膜炎.输卵管卵巢脓肿与周围结构粘连,其中5例引起肠梗阻,3例引起输尿管积水.子宫内膜炎19例,腹水18例.结论 附件脓肿的CT表现具特征性,掌握其影像特征及其与周围结构的关系,对疾病的及时诊断与治疗非常重要.     

多层螺旋CT对输卵管卵巢脓肿及输卵管积水的诊断价值

目的探讨输卵管卵巢脓肿及输卵管积水的多层螺旋CT表现,为提高临床医师对该类疾病的认识提供依据。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的19例输卵管卵巢脓肿及17例输卵管积水患者的多层螺旋CT特征。结果 36例患者共53侧输卵管病变,CT多平面重组可以很好地显示附件区肿块,管状型39侧,多囊型7侧,单囊型7侧,腔内不全分隔及肿块边缘呈"3"字形切迹为其特征性征象。输卵管卵巢脓肿肿块壁常增厚[(4.5±1.7)mm],增强后明显强化,并可见分层;继发征象包括脓肿周围脂肪密度增高及条索影、与子宫体分界不清,7例子宫圆韧带受压前移,11例骶子宫韧带增厚,5例累及直肠系膜,8例邻近乙状结肠、小肠壁受累增厚,13例子宫直肠陷凹积水。输卵管积水肿块壁薄[(1.4±0.2)mm],增强后强化不明显,1例合并输尿管扩张。结论输卵管卵巢脓肿及输卵管积水具有特征性的CT表现,多层螺旋CT是输卵管卵巢脓肿及输卵管积水较好的检查方法。     

输卵管卵巢脓肿与卵巢良性肿瘤的CT鉴别诊断

目的:分析输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT特征,探讨CT对输卵管卵巢脓肿与卵巢附件良性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析13例输卵管卵巢脓肿和11例卵巢良性肿瘤的CT表现。结果:绝经前患者输卵管卵巢脓肿12例(12/13例),良性肿瘤组4例(4/11例)。脓肿13例(13/13例)、良性肿瘤9例(9/11例),CT表现为附件区囊实性肿块,脓肿和良性肿瘤边缘轮廓模糊不清分别为11例(11/13例)和4例(4/11例),两组显示囊壁增厚和边缘层状增强分别为10例(10/13例)和2例(2/11例)。脓肿的子宫骶骨韧带增厚和骶前直肠周围脂肪模糊分别为10/13例和9/11例,而良性肿瘤组无1例发生。结论:附件脓肿壁增厚和层状增强,子宫骶骨韧带增厚及骶前直肠周围脂肪模糊有助于鉴别输卵管卵巢脓肿和卵巢良性肿瘤。     

关于输卵管卵巢脓肿CT诊断特点的探讨研究

目的:总结分析输卵管卵巢脓肿(TOA)的CT表现,着重探讨和剖析其CT特点,以寻求诊断和鉴别诊断的依据。方法:收集12例CT检查后经手术病理或临床证实的TOA。综合临床及手术所见仔细分析CT图像中脓肿本身及继发改变。结果:CT均表现为附件区囊性或囊实性肿块及周围明显渗出水肿,4例呈管状、"腊肠形"或"葫芦状"囊状影,5例囊壁呈分层强化并可见水肿带,全部脓肿与盆腔结构广泛紧密粘连,部分侵及邻近组织器官,1例并结肠低位梗阻,1例合并急性化脓性阑尾炎。CT确诊9例,3例误诊为卵巢癌。结论:附件区"腊肠样形囊性影"、"囊壁明显环状强化并见水肿分层"等为TOA较具特征性的CT表现。综合临床资料及其CT特点能够正确诊断本病,同时对诊断不清的可疑妇科感染有鉴别价值。     

MRI对卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的诊断价值

目的:探讨MRI对卵巢颗粒细胞瘤(GCTO)的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术与病理证实的20例GC-TO患者的临床和MRI资料。所有病例均行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果:20例术前MRI诊断正确16例(80%)。MRI平扫主要表现:子宫附件区边界清楚、形态较规整、包膜完整的囊性、囊实性、实性肿块。6例为囊性肿块,其中1例为单一大囊性肿块,多囊性肿块内见厚薄不一分隔,以较厚为主,囊内壁光滑,囊内容物T1WI呈等低信号,T2WI呈高信号;9例为囊实性肿块,T1WI呈等低混杂信号,T2WI呈混杂高信号,内有多发大小不等的囊性变,囊内壁光滑;5例为实性肿块,T1WI和T2WI高于同层肌肉信号。合并症:12例子宫增大,内膜增厚,3例合并子宫内膜癌(1例同时合并子宫肌瘤)、3例合并子宫肌瘤。增强扫描20例GCTO患者的肿瘤实性部分及囊壁均明显强化。结论:卵巢颗粒细胞瘤MRI表现具有一定的特征,能清晰显示其合并症,对其诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

输卵管卵巢脓肿影像学表现及误诊分析

目的：总结输卵管卵巢脓肿的影像学表现,探讨该病影像学诊断价值并分析误诊原因。方法回顾性分析13例术后病理确诊或临床确诊输卵管卵巢脓肿影像学资料,4例行 CT 平扫,9例行 MRI 平扫及增强(其中5例同时行超声检查),并与病理结果对照。结果10例表现为附件区腊肠样病变(其中1例超声误诊为肠梗阻),CT 平扫呈均匀低密度影,MRI 平扫呈长/短 T1长T2信号、部分可见液-液平面形成,增强扫描脓肿壁轻度增厚并明显均匀强化,所有患者表现不同程度腹腔、盆腔积液及周围筋膜增厚;3例表现为单侧附件区厚壁多房囊实性包块(其中2例术前误诊为卵巢肿瘤性病变),增强扫描表现为厚壁及分隔明显强化。结论CT 及 MRI 对腊肠样表现的输卵管卵巢脓肿诊断的特异性及敏感性较高,多能做出定性诊断,对囊实性病灶能清楚显示,但定性诊断困难,误诊率较高。     

MRI diagnosis of granulose cell tumor of the ovary

目的:探讨MRI对卵巢颗粒细胞瘤(GCTO)的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术与病理证实的20例GCTO患者的临床和MRI资料.所有病例均行MRI平扫及增强扫描.结果:20例术前MRI诊断正确16例(80％).MRI 平扫主要表现:子宫附件区边界清楚、形态较规整、包膜完整的囊性、囊实性、实性肿块.6例为囊性肿块,其中1例为单一大囊性肿块,多囊性肿块内见厚薄不一分隔,以较厚为主,囊内壁光滑,囊内容物T1WI呈等低信号,T2WI呈高信号;9例为囊实性肿块,T1WI呈等低混杂信号,T2WI呈混杂高信号,内有多发大小不等的囊性变,囊内壁光滑;5例为实性肿块,T1WI和T2WI高于同层肌肉信号.合并症:12例子宫增大,内膜增厚,3例合并子宫内膜癌(1例同时合并子宫肌瘤)、3例合并子宫肌瘤.增强扫描20例GCTO患者的肿瘤实性部分及囊壁均明显强化.结论:卵巢颗粒细胞瘤MRI表现具有一定的特征,能清晰显示其合并症,对其诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的临床应用价值.     

卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的 分析卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的MRI特征。资料与方法 回顾性分析15例卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的MRI特征，并与手术及病理对照研究。结果 15例中，囊实性肿块8例，内有多发大小不等的囊性变，囊内壁光滑，囊内容物MRT1WI呈等低混杂信号，T2WI呈混杂高信号，囊与套间有厚壁分隔；实性肿块3例，T1WI及T2WI信号均高于肌肉；单一较大的囊性病灶4例。13例子宫均匀增大，内膜增厚，1例并有子宫内膜癌。结论 诊断卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的可靠依据为：(1)肿瘤内多发囊变，间有厚壁分隔，囊内壁光滑；(2)合并子宫体积增大，内膜增生。     

Brain abscess and cystic brain tumor: discrimination with dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted MRI

Differentiating between brain abscesses and cystic brain tumors such as high-grade gliomas and metastases is often difficult with conventional MRI. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of perfusion MRI to differentiate between these pathologies. MRI was performed in 19 patients with rim-enhancing brain lesions (4 pyogenic abscesses, 8 high-grade gliomas, 7 metastases). In addition to standard MR sequences, trace diffusion-weighted MRI with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and perfusion-weighted MRI by using a first-pass gadopentetate dimeglumine T2*-weighted gradient echo single-shot echo-planar sequence were performed. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) ratios were obtained via the values of the capsular portions of the lesions and the normal white matter. All the abscesses had markedly hyperintense signals in trace diffusion images, whereas they had significant hypointense signals in ADC images. In perfusion-weighted images, the capsular portions of the abscesses demonstrated low colored areas compared with the normal white matter and the rCBV ratio calculated was 0.76 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- SD). All but two of the cystic tumors showed low signal intensity on trace diffusion-weighted images and high signal intensity on ADC maps. Hyperintense signal was found in two brain tumors mimicking brain abscesses on trace diffusion images. The rCBV values in high-grade gliomas and metastases were 5.51 +/- 2.08 and 4.58 +/- 2.19, respectively. The difference between abscesses and cystic tumors was statistically significant (P = 0.003). Perfusion MRI may allow the differentiation of pyogenic brain abscess from cystic brain tumors, making it a strong additional imaging modality in the early diagnosis of these two entities.     

脑脓肿、囊性星形细胞瘤和转移瘤的MRI诊断

目的:探讨脑脓肿、囊性星形细胞瘤和转移瘤的MR I诊断与鉴别诊断。材料和方法:回顾性分析手术病理证实的单发脑脓肿10例、星形细胞瘤15例和转移瘤12例的MR I平扫、增强以及DW I表现。结果:10例脑脓肿DW I均表现为高信号,9例囊壁T1W I为高信号,7例囊壁增强表现为戒指征;15例星形细胞瘤DW I呈低信号,囊壁均呈不规则增强,并见分层及壁结节;12例转移瘤DW I呈低信号,T2W I囊壁呈明显低信号4例、5例等信号、3例高信号,囊壁增强均匀,灶周重度水肿9例。结论:分析脑内囊性病变的DW I、囊壁信号、囊壁增强、灶周水肿的MR I表现有助于病变的诊断与鉴别诊断。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在肝脓肿诊断中的价值

目的:探讨肝脓肿的磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)影像特征,提高其影像诊断水平.方法:回顾性分析20例患者中30个肝脓肿的常规磁共振扫描加动态增强扫描及DWI图像,表观扩散系数(ADC)值定量分析肝脓肿的脓腔、脓肿壁及周围正常肝组织.结果:ADC图上,30个肝脓肿的脓腔中24个呈明显低信号,2个等信号,4个明显高信号,ADC值为(0.69～2.62)×10-3 mm2/s.30个肝脓肿中,8个未见明显脓肿壁形成; 22个脓肿壁在DWI图像上呈多样信号,在ADC图上均呈稍高信号,平均ADC值为(1.70 ± 0.23)×10-3 mm2/s.结论:肝脓肿的脓腔在DWI上常表现为明显高信号,ADC值较低;但部分脓腔ADC值较高,与肿瘤囊变坏死区难以鉴别;脓肿壁在ADC图上呈稍高信号的影像学特征有助于其诊断和鉴别诊断.     

Pyogenic hepatic abscesses: MRI findings on T1- and T2-weighted and serial gadolinium-enhanced gradient-echo images

The purpose of this study was to determine the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of pyogenic hepatic abscesses on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and serial gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo (SGE) images including images acquired in the immediate, intermediate, and late phases of enhancement. The MRI studies of 20 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were examined on 1.5 (n = 19) and 1.0 (n = 1) T MR scanners. MR studies included T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and serial Gd-enhanced SGE images. The following determinations were made: signal intensity of the abscess cavity and perilesional liver tissue, and the presence of internal septations, layering material, or air in the abscess cavity. The pattern of enhancement of the abscess wall, internal septae and peri-abscess liver were evaluated on serial Gd-enhanced SGE images. A total of 53 abscesses were observed in the 20 patients. Fortyeight abscesses were hypointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Internal septations were present in four abscesses. Lower signal intensity material was observed in a dependent location on T2-weighted images in one abscess. Signal void foci of air located on the nondependent surface was observed in two abscesses. Two other abscesses contained signal void air that occupied the entire abscess cavity, observed on all imaging sequences. On serial gadolinium-enhanced images, all abscesses revealed early enhancement of the wall, which persisted with negligible change in degree of enhancement or thickness on delayed images. Abscess walls ranged in thickness from 2 to 5 mm. Internal septations ranged in thickness from 2 to 3 mm. Abscess walls and septations were relatively uniform in thickness with no evidence of focal nodularity. Periabscess liver tissue was mildly hypointense on T1-weighted and mildly hyperintense on T2-weighted images in 20 lesions, which were either circumferential (n = 12) or wedge-shaped (n = 8). All these regions enhanced more than the remainder of the liver on immediate post-gadolinium images and remained relatively hyperintense on late phase images. Periabscess liver parenchyma was isointense on both T1- and T2-weighted images in 18 lesions, and in these lesions wedge-shaped subsegmental (n = 6) or segmental (n = 12) enhancement was observed on immediate gadolinium-enhanced images, which faded to isointensity on intermediate phase images. No perilesional signal changes and enhancement difference was observed in 15 lesions. Characteristic features of abscesses include: intense mural enhancement on early gadolinium-enhanced images, which persists with negligible change in thickness and intensity on later post-gadolinium images, and the presence of periabscess increased enhancement on immediate post-gadolinium images. These MRI features may help to distinguish abscesses from other focal liver lesions during differential diagnosis.     

高场强磁共振在脑脓肿诊断中的应用价值（附21例报告）

目的探讨高场强磁共振成像对脑脓肿的诊断价值和MRI影像特征。方法回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实的脑脓肿患者高场强MRI资料。结果 21例中,手术发现30个脓肿形成,MRI术前提示脑脓肿者19例（28个脓肿）,敏感性为93.3%;在T1WI序列,22个脓肿壁呈稍高或等信号,6个脓肿壁呈稍低信号;在T2WI序列,24个脓肿壁呈稍低信号,4个脓肿壁呈等或稍高信号;增强扫描,20个脓肿壁呈完整环形强化,5个呈花瓣样或分隔样强化,3个呈不规则强化;25个脓腔呈较均匀液性信号;20个脓肿周围见大片水肿带,有明显占位效应。结论高场强磁共振能清晰显示脓肿壁的形态及信号特点、脓腔内情况、脓肿周围结构关系,特别是脓肿壁的平扫及强化有一定特征性,对脑脓肿的诊断有极大的应用价值。     

颅内单发转移瘤的磁共振成像的影像表现

目的：探讨颅内单发转移瘤的磁共振成像（MRI）表现,进一步提高影像诊断的准确性,指导临床的下一步治疗。方法回顾性分析我院就诊20例颅内单发转移瘤患者,采用T1WI、T2WI平扫、增强扫描以及功能MRI,对所有患者进行影像学检查,观察瘤体的MRI表现。结果20例颅内转移瘤均为单发病例,幕上17例,幕下3例。 MRI表现囊实性和实性,囊实性病变14例,实性部分呈稍长T1稍长T2信号,FLAIR呈稍高信号,囊性部分呈长T1长T2信号或短T1长T2信号,FLAIR序列呈高信号,实性部分及囊壁呈不规则环形强化。囊性病变有5例,囊壁呈等信号,囊内呈长T1长T2信号,FLAIR序列呈高信号,囊壁明显强化。单体素磁共振频谱（MRS）检查：未见N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）峰,胆碱（Cho）峰明显升高。磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）检查的病例病灶均以囊性为主,囊壁弥散稍受限,囊内弥散不受限,表观扩散系数（ADC）图囊壁呈等信号,囊内呈高信号。结论颅内单发转移瘤的MRI表现有其相对特征性,在结合病史及功能磁共振检查,可较大提高其诊断准确率,为临床下一步治疗提供良好的帮助。     

前列腺脓肿的MRI诊断

目的:探讨前列腺脓肿的MRI诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析4例临床证实的前列腺脓肿的MRI表现。结果:单个脓肿2例,多发脓肿2例。脓肿T1WI呈稍低信号或低信号,T2WI呈高信号或较高信号。增强扫描脓肿壁薄环状明显强化2例,厚环状中等度强化2例,内见强化分隔,脓腔不强化。伴精囊腺肿大3例,精囊腺脓肿1例。向前列腺周围组织蔓延2例。结论:前列腺脓肿MRI表现具有特征性,容易发现小脓肿,并可以确定脓肿蔓延的范围。     

Diffusion-weighted MRI features of brain abscess and cystic or necrotic brain tumors: comparison with conventional MRI

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can be used to distinguish brain abscesses from cystic or necrotic brain tumors, which are difficult to distinguish by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. METHODS: Eleven consecutive patients with brain abscesses [10 pyogenic and 1 toxoplasmosis (in an AIDS patient)] and 15 with cystic or necrotic brain gliomas or metastases were enrolled in this study. None of these lesions had apparent hemorrhage based on T1-weighted image (T1WI). The DWI was performed using a 1.5-T system, single-shot spin-echo echo-planar pulse sequence with b=1000 s/mm(2). The ADC was calculated using a two-point linear regression method at b=0 and b=1000 s/mm(2). The ratio (ADCR) of the lesion ADC to control region ADC was also measured. RESULTS: Increased signal was seen in all of the pyogenic abscess cavities to variable degrees on DWI. In vivo ADC maps showed restricted diffusion in the abscess cavity in all pyogenic abscesses [0.65+/-0.16 x 10(-3) (mean+/-S.D.) mm(2)/s, mean ADCR=0.63]. The case with multiple toxoplasmosis abscesses showed low signal intensity on DWI and high ADC values (mean 1.9 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, ADCR=2.24). All cystic or necrotic tumors but one showed low signal intensity on DWI and their cystic or necrotic areas had high ADC values (2.70+/-0.31 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, mean ADCR=3.42). One fibrillary low-grade astrocytoma had a high DWI signal intensity and a low ADC value in its central cystic area (0.44 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, ADCR=0.49). Postcontrast T1WIs yielded a sensitivity of 60%, a specificity of 27.27%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 52.94%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 33.33% in the diagnosis of necrotic tumors. DWI yielded a sensitivity of 93.33%, a specificity of 90.91%, a PPV of 93.33%, and a NPV of 90.91%. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for postcontrast T1WI was 0.44 and DWI was 0.92. Analysis of these areas under the ROC curves indicates significant difference between postcontrast T1WI and DWI (P<.001). CONCLUSION: With some exceptions, DWI is useful in providing a greater degree of confidence in distinguishing brain abscesses from cystic or necrotic brain tumors than conventional MRI and seems to be a valuable diagnostic tool.