螺旋CT与DWI用于肺孤立性实性肿物良恶性鉴别诊断价值对比

目的探讨螺旋CT与DWI用于良恶性肺孤立性实性肿物鉴别诊断临床价值差异。方法收集肺孤立性实性肿物患者80例螺旋CT及MRI-DWI检查影像学资料,比较两种影像学检查方式用于肺孤立性实性肿物良恶性诊断准确率和良恶性病变ADC值。结果螺旋CT和DWI诊断肺孤立性实性肿物准确率分别为81.25%(65/80),96.25%(77/80);DWI用于良恶性肺孤立性实性肿物诊断准确率显著高于螺旋CT,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);恶性肺孤立性实性肿物平均ADC值水平显著低于良性病变,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相较于螺旋CT,DWI用于良恶性肺孤立性实性肿物良恶性鉴别诊断具有更佳准确率,可作为重要影像学辅助检查手段加以应用。     

常规MRI及DCE-MRI在卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样病变诊断中的应用

目的:提高常规MRI及DCE-MRI在卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析44例我院收治并经手术病理证实为卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的常规MRI及DCE-MRI影像表现。平扫参考指标:病灶大小(最大径)、形状(规则/不规则)、有无包膜、囊壁/分隔厚度、实性成分比例、T2WI信号、ADC值、盆腔积液;DCE-MRI参考Ktrans、Kep以及Ve值。结果:MRI平扫显示良、恶性肿瘤的病灶大小、形状、实性成分比例、囊壁/分隔厚度、T2WI信号混杂程度、盆腔积液量及ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);上述7项中ADC值参考价值最大,ADC取1.09×10^-3)mm^2/s为良恶性肿瘤阈值,小于阈值,考虑恶性。DEC-MRI良性肿瘤实性部分Ktrans、Kep以及Ve值显著低于恶性肿瘤,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ktrans值参考价值最大,Ktrans值取0.091/min为良恶性肿瘤阈值,大于阈值,考虑恶性。分别以ADC值及Ktrans值敏感度、特异性、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值代表MRI平扫及DCE-MRI各项指标,得出常规MRI敏感度85.7%、特异性91.3%、准确度88.6%、阳性预测值90.0%、阴性预测值87.5%;DCE-MRI上述各项指标为72.7%、81.8%、77.3%、80.0%、75.0%;常规MRI联合DCE-MRI检查敏感度95.2%,特异性100.0%,准确度97.7%,阳性预测值100.0%,阴性预测值95.8%。结论:常规MRI联合DCE-MRI用于卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样疾病诊断及鉴别诊断能够提高诊断准确率。     

动态增强MRI时间信号强度曲线在卵巢良恶性肿瘤鉴别中的价值

目的探讨动态增强MRI时间信号强度曲线(TIC)鉴别卵巢肿瘤良恶性的价值。方法收集2016年1月—2017年8月间于我院超声检查发现盆腔附件肿块的71例女性病人,年龄14～78岁,中位年龄52岁。所有病人行MRI常规及动态增强检查后经手术获得病理结果。利用工作站在肿块实性区和正常子宫外肌层设置兴趣区获取TIC,以子宫外肌层强化曲线为基准,对卵巢肿块实性区的TIC类型进行校正,分析曲线类型与良恶性卵巢肿瘤的关系。采用χ~2检验比较良恶性肿瘤间3种TIC类型差异。结果 71例病人中包括卵巢恶性肿瘤40例,良性肿瘤26例,交界性肿瘤5例。上述3种肿瘤的TIC类型的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。良性肿瘤以Ⅰ型TIC为主(73.1%),恶性肿瘤以Ⅲ型TIC为主(77.5%)。MRI+TIC鉴别肿瘤良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值较单独常规MRI检查各指标均有不同程度提高。结论动态增强MRI及其TIC对卵巢良恶性肿瘤具有重要的鉴别诊断价值。     

螺旋CT及肿瘤标志物检测对良恶性卵巢实性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT扫描联合血清肿瘤标志物检测对良恶性卵巢实性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的40例卵巢实性肿瘤(良性肿瘤22例,恶性肿瘤18例)的CT表现和血清肿瘤标志物系列(CA-125、AFP 、CEA)检测结果.结果 恶性肿瘤表现为形态多呈不规则或分叶状肿块、增强扫描明显强化.良性肿瘤表现为规则、边缘光整,增强扫描无强化或强化不明显.全部病例经术前诊断与病理比较显示螺旋CT检查的准确性为72.5%,肿瘤标志物系列检测的准确性为67.5%,CT与肿瘤标志物联合检查的准确性为77.5%,高于单一检查.结论 螺旋CT扫描是卵巢实性肿瘤有价值的检查手段,结合血清肿瘤标志物检测有助于提高卵巢实性肿瘤良恶性的鉴别.     

64层螺旋CT检查在肝癌及肝脏局灶性结节增生临床诊断中应用价值

目的 研究64层螺旋CT和B超检查在肝癌及肝脏局灶性结节增生临床诊断中的意义.方法 选取120例由肝细胞穿刺活检术后确诊为肝癌及肝癌局灶性结节增生的患者,并对所有肝癌患者分别进行64层螺旋CT和B超检查,并比较两种检查方法的准确程度、病灶范围及影像学特征.结果 64层螺旋CT和B超检查都能很准确的检查出早期肝脏组织的良性病变,但是在肝癌的鉴别上,64层螺旋CT准确率远远高于B超检查,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);当肝癌局部病灶直径≤1.2 cm时,B超检查准确率大大下降,而64层螺旋CT仍然保持着很高的准确率,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);原发性和转移性肝癌患者的64层螺旋CT的开始及消失和维持时间远远低于肝癌局灶性结节增生、肝炎性假瘤和肝血管瘤,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 64层螺旋CT能更加准确的诊断肝癌患者,且可以及时的发现极其细小的良恶性肝癌病灶;64层螺旋CT能够清晰的分辨出不同类型的肝脏组织的局灶性结节增生,对鉴别不同性质的肝脏组织肿瘤有一定的诊断价值.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断心包恶性病变的价值

目的 评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT对心包恶性病变的诊断价值.方法 对23例心包积液患者进行18F-FDG PET/CT显像,并采用两独立样本非参数检验分析良恶性病灶最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）差异有无统计学意义.结果 经病理检查证实恶性心包积液14例,良性心包积液9例.1例PET/CT假阴性,2例PET/CT假阳性.18F-FDG PET/CT鉴别诊断良恶性心包积液的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.9%（13/14）、7/9、87.0%（20/23）、86.7%（13/15）和7/8.良、恶性病变的SUVmax中位值分别为2.2和6.0,两者间比较差异有统计学意义（z=-3.279,P=0.001）.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT是评价心包恶性病变较好的无创性手段,对良恶性心包积液的诊断与鉴别诊断有一定临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像鉴别肺结节的良恶性

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT灌注成像在肺结节的良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 采用16排螺旋CT机对64例肺部结节或肿块的患者进行灌注扫描,采用GE Perfusion 3软件测定病灶的血流量(BF),血容量(BV),平均通过时间(MTT),渗透表面积乘积(PS) 以及拟合时间- 密度曲线(TDC).结果 BV在恶性结节、炎性结节与良性结节具有显著性差异(P<0.05),PS在恶性结节和炎性结节之间以及恶性结节与良性结节之间具有明显统计学差异(P<0.01), 炎性结节及良性结节均低于恶性结节,3组之间的TDC 曲线形态也不同.结论 CT灌注成像提供了肺结节血流模式的定量评价方法,对鉴别肺结节的良恶性有重大的价值.     

正电子发射计算机体层-CT成像鉴别心脏及心包良恶性病变的初步研究

目的 探讨氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET-CT鉴别诊断心脏、心包病变良恶性的可行性.方法 对23例经病理或临床证实的心脏、心包良恶性病变进行18F-FDG PET-CT扫描,其中恶性病变13例,良性病变10例.测得病灶、心腔(血本底)的最高标准摄取值(SUVmax)及SUVmax病灶/SUVmax心腔比值(lesion/blood),并观察病灶的内部密度及与周围组织关系.采用两独立样本非参数检验(Mann-Whitney)分析SUVmax及SUVmax lesion/blood良恶性病灶中有无统计学差异.同时分别计算出CT、PET-CT鉴别诊断心脏、心包病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.结果 良性病变及恶性病变SUVmax中位数分别为1.5和6.5,两者之间差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.601,P＜0.01).良性、恶性病变的SUVmax lesion/blood分别为0.9和3.4,两者之间差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.600,P＜0.01).病灶SUVmax值以3.5～4.0或SUVmax lesion/blood值以1.3～2.0为PET-CT鉴别心脏、心包病变良、恶性的最佳临界值.单独CT及PET-CT鉴别诊断心脏、心包病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为76.9%(10/13)、100.0%(10/10)、87.0%(20/23)、100.0%(10/10)、76.9%(10/13)和100.0%(13/13)、90.0%(9/10)、95.7%(22/23)、92.9%(13/14)、100.0%(9/9).结论 18F-FDG PET-CT可用于鉴别诊断心脏、心包病变的良、恶性,并为较为准确的鉴别诊断手段.     

ＣＴ灰度直方图对实性肺结节的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨CT灰度直方图对实性肺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经组织病理学或临床随访证实的110例实性肺结节患者的CT图像,其中恶性55例,良性55例.选取肺结节最大CT平扫轴面图像勾画感兴趣区并采用Matlab软件生成灰度直方图.采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较良恶性结节灰度直方图参数的差异.建立ROC曲线并以组织病理学或临床随访结果为依据计算曲线下面积(AUC).使用最佳临界值评价灰度直方图诊断良恶性肺结节的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值.结果:恶性结节的偏度(0.281±0.181)大于良性结节(-0.592±0.194),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);恶性结节的峰度(2.786±0.252)小于良性结节(3.553±0.331),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两者的ROC曲线下最大面积分别为0.894和0.996.使用最佳临界值标准,峰度和偏度鉴别诊断肺结节良恶性的敏感度分别为0.982、0.946,特异度分别为1.000、0.764,准确度分别为0.990、0.845,阳性预测值分别为1.000、0.797,阴性预测值分别为0.982、0.913.结论:CT灰度直方图可作为肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的重要辅助手段.     

腮腺肿块的螺旋CT常规与灌注成像诊断

目的 探讨螺旋CT常规及其灌注成像诊断腮腺良恶性肿块病变的价值.资料与方法对34例(39个病灶)进行常规CT扫描,其中21例(23个病灶)行CT灌注成像,对比分析良恶性肿块的影像表现.结果 常规CT扫描示良性肿块29个,恶性10个,在肿块边缘、邻近组织侵犯、邻近周围是否有肿大淋巴结方面,良、恶性肿块之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);CT灌注扫描示良性肿块17个,恶性6个,灌注血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、血管表面通透性(PS)在良、恶性肿块之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而常规CT和灌注CT扫描在病灶密度、囊变、最大径、强化值和灌注平均通过时间(MTT)方面差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 螺旋CT常规扫描结合灌注成像可提高诊断腮腺肿块的准确性.     

脾肿瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的探讨脾肿瘤CT表现和鉴别诊断价值。方法52例脾肿瘤均行CT平扫 增强检查,其中手术及穿刺活检病理证实27例,征象典型及病史明确25例。结果脾良性肿瘤18例,恶性肿瘤34例。良性肿瘤表现为脾脏内单发或多发,多数大小不等低密度结节病变,1例血管瘤为等密度。血管瘤及淋巴管瘤可显示点状或小片状钙化。增强扫描,血管瘤显示延迟均匀强化特点,淋巴管瘤内间隔可轻度强化。脾囊肿无强化。脾脏恶性肿瘤多较大,密度不均匀,增强扫描不均匀强化。脾淋巴瘤表现为脾肿大或多发结节样低密度病变,增强扫描强化不明显。结论CT是诊断脾肿瘤的主要检查方法,结合临床及B超检查,多可做出诊断。     

脾脏肿瘤的CT诊断

目的：探讨脾脏肿瘤的ＣＴ表现。材料与方法：搜集３０例经病理和临床证实的脾脏肿瘤的ＣＴ资料,包括脾原发恶性淋巴瘤４例,恶性淋巴瘤浸润３例,脾血管肉瘤１例,脾转移瘤１５例,脾淋巴管瘤３例,脾血管瘤３例,脾错构瘤１例。均作ＣＴ平扫及增强检查。结果：ＣＴ对脾脏肿瘤的发现率极高,对病变的大小、形态、密度及周围组织脏器的显示较其他影像学检查更准确。结论：ＣＴ对脾脏肿瘤有较高的诊断价值。     

Solid splenic masses: evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Our objective was to assess the role of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of solid splenic masses in patients with a known malignancy and in incidentally found lesions in patients without known malignancy. METHODS: Two groups of patients were assessed: (a) 68 patients with known malignancy and a focal lesion on PET or a solid mass on CT portions of the PET/CT study; and (b) 20 patients with solid splenic masses on conventional imaging without known malignancy. The standard of reference was histology (n = 16) or imaging and clinical follow-up (n = 72). The lesion size, the presence of a single versus multiple splenic lesions, and the intensity of (18)F-FDG uptake expressed as a standardized uptake value (SUV) were recorded. The ratio of the SUV in the splenic lesion to the background normal splenic uptake was also calculated. These parameters were compared between benign and malignant lesions within each of the 2 groups of patients and between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in differentiating benign from malignant solid splenic lesions in patients with and without malignant disease were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% versus 100%, 83%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. In patients with known malignant disease, an SUV threshold of 2.3 correctly differentiated benign from malignant lesions with the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. In patients without known malignant disease, false-positive results were due to granulomatous diseases (n = 2). CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET can reliably discriminate between benign and malignant solid splenic masses in patients with known (18)F-FDG-avid malignancy. It also appears to have a high NPV in patients with solid splenic masses, without known malignant disease. (18)F-FDG-avid splenic masses in patients without a known malignancy should be further evaluated as, in our series, 80% of them were malignant.     

Solid Pancreatic Tumors with Unilocular Cyst-Like Appearance on CT: Differentiation from Unilocular Cystic Tumors Using CT

Objective

To describe the computed tomography (CT) features of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs) with unilocular cyst-like appearance, and to compare them with those of unilocular cystic tumors of the pancreas.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study was approved by our Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was waived. We included 112 pancreatic tumors with unilocular cyst-like appearance on CT (16 solid tumors [nine NETs and seven SPTs] and 96 cystic tumors [45 serous cystadenomas, 30 mucinous cystic neoplasms, and 21 branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms]). Two radiologists reviewed the CT images in consensus to determine tumor location, long diameter, morphological features, wall thicknesses, ratio of wall thickness to tumor size, wall enhancement patterns, intratumoral contents, and accompanying findings. Fisher''s exact test was used to analyze the results.

Results

All 16 solid tumors had perceptible walls (mean thickness, 2.7 mm; mean ratio of wall thickness to tumor size, 7.7%) with variable enhancement. Four NETs and seven SPTs had hemorrhage, calcifications, and/or mural nodules. Six CT findings were specific for solid tumors with unilocular cyst-like appearance: a thick (> 2 mm) wall, uneven thickness of the wall, high ratio of wall thickness to tumor size, hyper- or hypo-attenuation of the wall in the arterial and portal phase, and heterogeneous internal contents. When three or more of the above criteria were used, 100% specificity and 87.5-92% accuracy were obtained for solid tumors with unilocular cyst-like appearance.

Conclusion

A combination of CT features was useful for distinguishing solid tumors with unilocular cyst-like appearance from unilocular cystic tumors of the pancreas.     

脾脏脉管瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨脾脏脉管瘤的多层螺旋CT表现及其诊断价值。方法:搜集11例经病理和临床证实的脾脏脉管瘤的CT资料,包括血管瘤5例,血管淋巴管瘤3例,淋巴管瘤3例,均行平扫加增强检查,对其CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果:脾脏脉管瘤表现为单发或多发、大小不等的低密度病灶,血管瘤强化显著,淋巴管瘤强化不明显或轻微强化,血管淋巴管瘤不同程度强化。血管瘤显示延迟均匀强化特点,淋巴管瘤及部分血管淋巴管瘤内间隔可轻度强化。结论:CT对脾脏脉管瘤有较高价值,可作为首选的影像学检查方法。     

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: clinical features and imaging findings

This study aimed to report clinical features and CT, MRI, PET/CT findings of solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas. Thirty-four patients with pathologically proven SPT were retrospectively reviewed. Most patients were asymptomatic. SPTs in male patients mainly appeared as solid and near solid tumors. Mixed tumors and cystic tumors had larger size than solid and near solid tumors. Solid tumors and solid part of mixed tumors were T2 hyperintense and T1 hypointense and had progressive enhancement. Four tumors (80%) showed markedly even or uneven ¹⁸F-FDG uptake. These characteristic features can help differentiate SPT from other pancreatic neoplasms.     

Computed tomography of ovarian masses

A retrospective analysis of CT images in 138 histologically proven ovarian masses in 100 patients was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness and limitation of CT in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors. Benign masses were purely cystic in 98 (94.2%) and had solid component (including thickened walls, thickened septa, papillary projections) in five of 104 lesions (4.8%) on CT. These five masses, which are classified as benign solid tumors, could not be differentiated from malignant tumors by either the size of the solid portion or the intensity of contrast enhancement. In the malignant tumors a solid portion was detected in 32 of 34 tumors (94%). When a solid component is detected in an ovarian mass, the mass should be considered malignant although a few cases will be benign solid tumors. In Krukenberg tumors, which were all of gastric origin, the solid component was so large that it occupied more than one-half the mass. Therefore, if the solid portion of the ovarian mass is large on CT, upper gastrointestinal study should be performed to rule out Krukenberg tumor.     

卵巢恶性肿瘤的CT诊断及分型

目的　提高卵巢恶性肿瘤的CT诊断水平。方法　回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的 42例 ( 4 9个病灶 )卵巢恶性肿瘤CT检查结果 ,着重讨论了其CT表现及分型 ,CT鉴别诊断。结果　 ( 1)病灶多分布于附件区及子宫直肠窝区 ( 78.6 %)。 ( 2 )病灶多大于5cm( 95 .2 %)。 ( 3)病灶多有分叶表现 ( 71.4%)。 ( 4 )病灶表现为囊实型、实质型、囊肿型 ,以囊实型多见 ( 6 1.9%)。 ( 5 )实性病灶及病灶的实性部分有较明显强化 ( 90 .8%)。 ( 6 )转移表现多为腹水及邻近器官结构受侵。 ( 7)实性病灶及病灶的实性部分可有弧形、点状、结节状钙化。结论　CT扫描对卵巢恶性肿瘤的诊断及病理特征的显示有重要价值。     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨CT对胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的7例胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的CT表现,包括肿瘤的部位、大小、形态、密度及强化特征。结果:7例肿瘤位于胰头2例,胰体尾部4例,异位胰腺1例。7例瘤体均为囊、实混合性,1例肿瘤内有出血灶,3例肿瘤有钙化,增强后实质部分均有强化,囊性部分无强化。结论:胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤有相对特征性CT表现,CT对确定手术方案有重要价值。     

脾脏疾病的CT诊断

目的：提高对脾脏疾病ＣＴ诊断的认识。方法：复习２０例经手术和／或病理证实的脾脏病变的ＣＴ表现。结果：脾梗塞２例，脾囊肿４例，脾血管瘤２例，恶性淋巴瘤８例，转移瘤４例。结论：ＣＴ对脾脏病变的诊断具有较高的准确性，是发现脾脏病变的有效方法。