Characteristics of palytoxin-induced cation currents and Ca2+ mobilization in smooth muscle cells of rabbit portal vein

We examined the nature of the palytoxin (PTX)-induced channel and its relevance to the Ca²⁺ mobilizing effect of the toxin on smooth muscle cells isolated from rabbit portal vein using whole-cell voltage-clamp and microfluorimetric techniques. PTX (1 nM) induced a sustained, irreversible inward current at a holding potential of –40 mV. The PTX-induced current reversed at 0.5 ± 0.6 mV, and the PTX-induced channel permitted the passage of Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺ and, to a lesser extent, Li⁺, but not choline⁺ or Ca²⁺. During the sustained phase of the current, superfusion of Ni²⁺ (5 mM), La³⁺ (0.5 mM) or 2,4-dichlorobenzamil (2,4-DCB, 25 μM) reduced the current amplitude and decreased the slope conductance without changing the reversal potential. In 5 of 7 experiments, ouabain transiently increased the PTX-induced inward current and shifted the reversal potential in a positive direction. Subsequently, ouabain inhibited the current in every cell. PTX (10 nM) induced a sustained rise in cytosolic Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_i), which was resistant to verapamil but suppressed by omission of extracellular Ca²⁺. When external Na⁺ was replaced by choline⁺, PTX did not increase [Ca²⁺]_i. Pretreatment with 2,4-DCB prevented the elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i due to PTX. These results suggest that PTX does not directly stimulate Ca²⁺ entry but induces entry through Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchange as a consequence of increased cytosolic Na⁺. Ni²⁺, La³⁺, 2,4-DCB and ouabain were shown to act as blockers of the PTX-induced channel. Ouabain may also inhibit Na⁺ pump current activated by cytosolic Na⁺. Received: 15 May 1996 / Accepted: 28 August 1996     

Abnormalities of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ mobilization in aortic smooth muscle cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

1. Previously, we found that contractions in response to receptor-dependent (i.e. a(1)-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine) and -independent (i.e. cyclopiazonic acid) stimuli are decreased in rat aorta during late diabetes. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the changes of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in diabetic aortic smooth muscle cells. Functional changes of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))- and ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) stores of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were evaluated using Fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester fluorescence, western blot and organ bath techniques. 2. In aortic smooth muscle cells from diabetic rats, the Ca(2+) release and Ca(2+) influx caused by both 10 mmol/L phenylephrine (depletion of IP(3)-sensitive Ca(2+) stores) and 1 mmol/L ryanodine (depletion of ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) stores) were both significantly decreased compared with control. Moreover, protein expression levels of IP(3) (260 kDa) and ryanodine receptors (500 kDa) were reduced by 31.8 +/- 7.7 and 69.2 +/- 8.4%, respectively, in aortas from diabetic rats compared with those from control rats. 3. In diabetic rat aorta, phenylephrine-induced contractility was decreased to approximately two-thirds of that in controls, whereas ryanodine alone did not cause obvious contraction in aortas from either control or diabetic rats. 4. The present results suggest that the hyporeactivity of aortic smooth muscle to vasoconstrictors in diabetes results mainly from changes to the IP(3)-sensitive Ca(2+) release pathway. The SR Ca(2+) signalling pathway plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic vascular complications.     

组织和细胞中Ca~(2+)浓度测定方法的研究进展

组织和细胞内的Ca2+与信号传导以及生理病理应答反应具有重要的联系,因此测定其含量及动态变化具有重要的研究意义。近年来Ca2+的测定技术和相关机制研究在国内外发展迅速,包括45Ca跨膜流动测定方法、X射线微区分析方法、离子选择微电极方法、核磁共振波谱方法、原子吸收分光光度法测定方法、荧光探针方法等,该文就相关方面介绍这些方法的特点和主要应用情况。     

灯盏花素对人脐静脉内皮细胞胞内Ca~(2+)水平的调控作用

目的探讨灯盏花素对培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)胞内Ca2+水平([Ca2+]i)的调控作用。方法采用新一代Ca2+荧光探针Fluo-3/AM标记培养的HUVECs,激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞胞内钙荧光信号,观察灯盏花素对培养的HUVECs胞内Ca2+水平的调控作用。结果在胞外有Ca2+或无Ca2+的情况下,灯盏花素均可引起[Ca2+]i的短暂性升高;灯盏花素的Ca2+释放作用与钙泵抑制剂CPA存在着交迭;灯盏花素能够抑制由KCl所引起的[Ca2+]i的升高;灯盏花素对胞内Ca2+池耗竭后胞外复Ca2+所引起的钙内流无明显阻断作用。结论灯盏花素可引起胞内Ca2+池的Ca2+释放,其释放的Ca2+来自CPA敏感的Ca2+池。灯盏花素也可抑制经电压依赖性Ca2+通道的Ca2+内流,对Ca2+池耗竭后引起的Ca2+内流通道无明显阻断作用。     

Characterization of two different Ca2+ entry pathways dependent on depletion of internal Ca2+ pools in rat aorta

Ryanodine (10 μM), thapsigargin (1 μM) and cyclopiazonic acid (10 μM) produced a slow, sustained contractile response in rat aorta that only can be observed in Ca²⁺-containing solution. In Ca²⁺-free medium, no response to the drugs was obtained, which suggests that the contraction elicited in presence of Ca²⁺ is mainly due to the contribution of extracellular influx. This Ca²⁺ entry does not depend on the opening of dihydropyridine-dependent Ca²⁺-channels for nimodipine does not affect this. Noradrenaline (1 μM) induced a biphasic response in Ca²⁺-free medium that was mediated by two different Ca²⁺ compartments, one of which is common to caffeine (10 mM), and is also depleted by ryanodine (10 μM), thapsigargin (1 μM) and cyclopiazonic acid (10 μM). This compartment loses its Ca²⁺ content after long exposure (65 min) to Ca²⁺-free EDTA-containing solution and its refilling was also affected by the three agents tested. The other compartment depleted by noradrenaline, but not by caffeine, was also insensitive to ryanodine, thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, and did not lose its Ca²⁺ after 65 min in Ca²⁺-free medium. Contractions induced by noradrenaline (1 μM) or caffeine (10 mM) in Ca²⁺-free medium were not affected by ryanodine, thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid when these agents were added 1 min before or during the response to each agonist. After depletion of internal Ca²⁺ stores sensitive to noradrenaline, an increase in the resting tone (IRT) of rat aorta was observed when Ca²⁺ was added again in absence of the agonist. This IRT was not affected by treatment with ryanodine, thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, and represents a Ca²⁺ entry pathway dependent on the depletion of the noradrenaline-sensitive Ca²⁺ compartment. In conclusion, we can differentiate two Ca²⁺ entry pathways in rat aorta that depend on the previous depletion of two internal Ca²⁺ compartments: One corresponds to the classic capacitative Ca²⁺ entry model and is promoted by depletion of the internal pool sensitive to noradreanline, caffeine, ryanodine, thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, the other is dependent only on depletion of an α₁-adrenoceptor-sensitive Ca²⁺ pool. Received: 25 June 1997 / Accepted: 17 September 1997     

异紫堇啡碱对血管平滑肌钙内流和钙释放的影响

目的研究异紫堇啡碱（ＩＳＯＣ）对血管平滑肌钙内流和钙释放的影响，以初步阐明其作用方式。方法利用兔胸主动脉螺旋条标本观察ＩＳＯＣ对去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ）及ＫＣｌ量效曲线的影响和对无钙液中ＮＡ、ＣａＣｌ２复钙、咖啡因缩血管效应的影响。结果ＩＳＯＣ１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１对ＮＡ的量效曲线呈非竞争性拮抗作用，而对高钾的作用则不明显。在无钙液中，ＩＳＯＣ１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１能明显抑制ＮＡ所致的收缩及复钙后外钙内流诱发的收缩，ＩＳＯＣ１０及３０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１则只作用于前者；各实验浓度的ＩＳＯＣ对咖啡因在无钙液中的缩血管作用均无影响。结论ＩＳＯＣ抑制受体中介的钙释放和钙内流，但不是典型的钙拮抗剂。     

Fendiline mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ in Chang liver cells

1. The effects of the antianginal drug fendiline (N-[3,3-diphenylpropyl]-alpha-methyl-benzylamine) on intracellular free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+](i)) in Chang liver cells were evaluated using fura-2 as a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator. 2. Fendiline (1-100 micromol/L) increased [Ca2+](i) in a concentration-dependent manner, with an EC50 of 25 micromol/L. 3. The [Ca2+](i) response was composed of an initial rise and a slow decay to a sustained phase. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ partly reduced the [Ca2+](i) signals. 4. Fendiline (10 micromol/L)-induced release of intracellular Ca2+ was reduced by 65% following pretreatment with 1 micromol/L thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor) to deplete Ca2+ stored in the endoplasmic reticulum. 5. After pretreatment with 10 micromol/L fendiline in Ca2+-free medium for several minutes, addition of 3 mmol/L Ca2+ induced an increase in [Ca2+](i) of a magnitude four-fold greater than control. This increase in [Ca2+](i) was not reduced by 10 micromol/L SKF96365, econazole, nifedipine or verapamil. 6. Fendiline (10 micromol/L)-induced release of intracellular Ca2+ was not altered by inhibition of phospholipase C with 2 micromol/L 1-(6-((17beta-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino) hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U73122). 7. The results of the present study show that fendiline induces an increase in [Ca2+](i) in Chang liver cells by releasing stored Ca2+ in an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-independent manner and by causing extracellular Ca2+ influx.     

Ca~(2+)经钙激活非选择性阳离子通道进入ECV304内皮细胞

目的　研究钙离子进入ECV30 4内皮细胞株的途径和血管紧张素Ⅱ (AⅡ )对钙内流的影响。方法　用膜片钳的细胞贴附式和全细胞方式记录ECV30 4内皮细胞的通道活动。结果　 (1 )在记录单通道电流时电极液含 1 2 0mmol·L- 1 CaCl2 ,细胞浴液不含K+ 、Na+ 时 ,Ca2 + 经非选择性阳离子通道 (CAN)内流的电导为γ0 =(1 2 90± 2 1 1 ) pS(n =4)。1× 1 0 - 7mol·L- 1 AⅡ可显著增强通道电流幅度和延长通道开放时 ,其电导增大为γ1 =(2 2 1 8± 2 2 9)pS(n =4)。全细胞记录得到的结果与单通道的一致。 (2 )用全细胞方式记录到ECV30 4内皮细胞的电压依赖性钙通道电流 ,记录到该峰值电流为 (2 9 32± 3 56)pA(n =4) ,2 0 μmol·L- 1 nifedepine能抑制这个峰值电流 ,被抑制后的电流峰值为 (6 0 0± 3 94)pA(n =4)。 2 μmol·L- 1 BayK8644能显著激活通道活动。结论　Ca2 + 经CAN进入ECV30 4细胞 ,AⅡ可显著增强CAN的钙流     

从Ca2+通路研究紫草多糖促进小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的机制

目的 探讨ZCP对淋巴细胞增殖和Ca2+浓度的影响.方法 MTT比色法检测其对淋巴细胞增殖;激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞内的Ca2+浓度.结果 ZCP能促淋巴细胞增殖,提高细胞内Ca2+浓度.结论 ZCP可通过增加淋巴细胞内Ca2+浓度从而使淋巴细胞活化和增殖.     

人参皂苷Rg_2对培养心肌细胞内游离Ca~(2+)含量的影响

众所周知 ,Ca2 + 在心肌的舒缩过程中具有调控作用 ,文献[1] 曾研究了人参皂苷Rg2 对休克动物心功能的改善作用 ,该作用是否与Ca2 + 有关 ,故观察了Rg2 对体外培养心肌细胞内游离Ca2 + 含量的影响。1　材料与方法　　药物 :人参皂苷Rg2 (Rg2 )由吉林省中医中药研究院制备 ,纯度为 98 5 % ,Fura 2 /AM和DME/F12培养基购自Sigma公司。动物 :新生 4d的Wistar大鼠乳鼠 ,由中山医科大学实验动物中心提供。心肌细胞培养参照文献[2 ] 进行 ,取乳鼠心肌 ,用胰蛋白酶反复消化 ,制成单细胞悬液。用DME/F12培养液调细胞浓度 ,接种培养皿 ,形成…     

慢性染铅对大鼠海马区神经细胞Ca2+浓度及Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的：观察慢性染铅对大鼠海马区神经细胞Ｃａ２＋浓度及Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的影响。方法：用０．１５％醋酸铅饲养大鼠建立慢性染铅动物模型,参照Ｄｉｌｄｙ法和徐友涵法测定海马神经细胞Ｃａ２＋浓度及Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性。结果发现：细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度,染铅组（２０３．８３±３０．５０）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,对照组（９７．６２±１９．８３）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｔ＝８．３１Ｐ＜０．００５;Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性,染铅组（３２６．４２±４０．０６）ｎｍｏｌ（Ｐｉ）·ｍｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１,对照组（２５３．０７±２５．４０）ｎｍｏｌ（Ｐｉ）·ｍｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１,ｔ＝３．５４,Ｐ＜０．０１。结论：慢性染铅可使大鼠海马区神经细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度升高,Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性增强     

Capacitative Ca2+ entry associated with α1-adrenoceptors in rat aorta

In rat aorta, depletion of internal Ca²⁺ stores by addition of noradrenaline (1μM) induces a biphasic response (an initial phasic response and a tonic one) mediated by two different intracellular Ca²⁺ pools. This response cannot be repeated, suggesting a depletion of internal Ca²⁺ stores sensitive to noradrenaline. In absence of the agonist, this depletion is the signal for the entry of extracellular Ca²⁺, not only to refill the stores but also, under our experimental conditions, to activate the contractile proteins thus inducing an increase in the resting tone (IRT) that constitutes functional evidence of this Ca²⁺ entry. The ionic channels involved in the mechanism of the IRT have been studied in the present work. The fact that the addition of nimodipine (10^–15– 10^–11M) selectively inhibits the IRT suggests that this mechanical response is mediated by Ca²⁺ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca²⁺ channels. Moreover, the inhibitory action of nimodipine is attenuated by glibenclamide (10μM). Cromakalim (10^–10–10^–6M) also inhibits the IRT concentration dependently, and this inhibition is antagonized by glibenclamide (10μM). These results relate the ATP-dependent K⁺ channels to the mechanism of the IRT. The refilling of the two internal Ca²⁺ compartments sensitive to noradrenaline was, like the IRT, altered in presence of the compounds tested, since the subsequent contractile response to noradrenaline was decreased. The present results suggest that nimodipine treatment inhibits the refilling of the Ca²⁺ compartment responsible for the tonic contraction induced by noradrenaline in Ca²⁺-free medium, whereas the refilling of the Ca²⁺ pool responsible for the phasic response to noradrenaline remained unaltered. Both the phasic and tonic responses to noradrenaline in Ca²⁺-free medium decreased after treatment with cromakalim. We can therefore assume that the refilling of both Ca²⁺ compartments sensitive to noradrenaline was inhibited. In conclusion, these results are consistent with the contraction of the rat aorta in response to noradrenaline in Ca²⁺-free medium consisting of an initial phasic response and a tonic one. The former is due to the release of internal Ca²⁺ from a compartment refilled through a special channel that is cromakalim but not dihydropyridine sensitive. The tonic response is due to Ca²⁺ release from another compartment refilled through a cromakalim- and dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca²⁺ channel. The Ca²⁺ entry through this latter channel intervenes in the IRT observed during the refilling of these stores previously depleted by noradrenaline, and the opening state of this channel is also modulated by ATP-dependent K²⁺ channels. Received: 7 May 1996 / Accepted: 30 January 1997     

2-Benzyloxybenzaldehyde inhibits formyl peptide-stimulated increase in intracellular Ca2+ in neutrophils mainly by blocking Ca2+ entry

2-Benzyloxybenzaldehyde (CCY1a) inhibited the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced elevation of cytosolic [Ca²⁺] ([Ca²⁺]_i) in rat neutrophils. The late plateau phase, but not the initial Ca²⁺ spike, of the fMLP-induced [Ca²⁺]_i change was inhibited by CCY1a. In the absence of external Ca²⁺, CCY1a had no appreciable effect on either the fMLP- or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-induced [Ca²⁺]_i elevation. CCY1a failed to inhibit [Ca²⁺]_i changes induced by N-ethylmaleimide, GEA3162, ionomycin or sphingosine, but slightly inhibited the Ca²⁺ signals elicited by ATP or interleukin-8 (IL-8). In a classical Ca²⁺ readdition protocol, addition of CCY1a after cell activation strongly inhibited the [Ca²⁺]_i response to fMLP, whilst that to CPA was only slightly reduced. CCY1a nearly abrogated the fMLP-stimulated Mn²⁺ influx but was less effective on the CPA-induced response. CCY1a attenuated the levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated bands in the 70–85 kDa molecular mass range. CCY1a had no effect on the basal [Ca²⁺]_i level, the pharmacologically isolated plasma membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase activity or on the mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, CCY1a blocks fMLP-induced Ca²⁺ entry into neutrophils probably by blocking the relevant Ca²⁺ channel directly or, alternatively, indirectly through the attenuation of tyrosine phosphorylation of some cellular proteins.     

Activation of large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels by pinacidil in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells

The effect of pinacidil, an opener of ATP‐sensitive K⁺ (K_ATP) channels, on large‐conductance Ca²⁺‐activated K+ (BK_Ca) channels was investigated in cultured endothelial cells of human umbilical veins. In whole cell configuration, pinacidil (30 μM) increased the amplitude of K⁺ outward currents (I_K). Charybdotoxin (100 nM), but not glibenclamide (10 μM), suppressed pinacidil‐induced increase in I_K. Neither carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP; 10 μM), an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca²⁺‐uniporter, nor cyclosporin A (200 nM), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, affected pinacidil‐induced increase in I_K. In inside‐out patch configuration, bath application of pinacidil (30 μM) did not change single channel conductance but increased the activity of BK_Ca channels. Pinacidil (30 μM) shifted the activation curve of BK_Ca channels to less positive membrane potential by approximately 15 mV. Pinacidil stimulated the activity of these channels in a concentration‐dependent manner. The EC₅₀ value for pinacidil‐induced channel activity was 20 μM. After BK_Ca channels had been enhanced by Evans blue (100 μM), subsequent application of pinacidil (100 μM) did not further increase the channel activity. These results clearly indicate that in addition to the activation of K_ATP channels, pinacidil can also stimulate BK_Ca channels in endothelial cells. These effects could contribute to the regulation of vascular tone if similar results were found in endothelial cells in vivo. Drug Dev. Res. 48:6–16, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

P2Y receptor-mediated enhancement of permeation requires Ca2+ signalling in vascular endothelial cells

1. We investigated the effects of 2-methylthioATP (2meS-ATP; a P2Y receptor agonist) on the permeation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled dextran, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) in cultured endothelial cells isolated from the rat caudal artery. 2. The cellular transport of FITC-labelled dextran was enhanced and TEER of the endothelial monolayer was reduced by 2meS-ATP. Both these effects were prevented by pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid, a P2Y receptor antagonist, which also inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by 2meS-ATP in endothelial cells. 3. The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by 2meS-ATP was inhibited by thapsigargin (a Ca2+ pump inhibitor) and by U-73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor). 4. These findings suggested that activation of the P2Y receptor enhances the passage of material in the endothelium, which is associated with Ca2+ signalling in endothelial cells.     

Involvement of different Ca2+ pools during the canine bronchial sustained contraction in Ca2+-free medium: lack of effect of PKC inhibition

We evaluated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the sustained bronchial contraction (SBC) induced by carbachol (Cch) or histamine in a Ca²⁺-free medium and the possibility that each agonist uses a different Ca²⁺ store for this response. We studied third-order bronchi and airway smooth muscle (ASM) from first-order bronchi dissected free of cartilage and epithelium. Bronchial and ASM responsiveness to Cch or histamine were evaluated in Krebs solution (2.5 mM Ca²⁺) and in Ca²⁺-free medium. Cch and histamine induced an SBC in bronchial tissues in Ca²⁺-free medium. In ASM each agonist produced a transient contraction, but the response to histamine was much smaller. Cch induced a concentration-dependent accumulation of inositol phosphates (IPs) in both bronchi and ASM; however, histamine did not induce significant accumulation of IPs. Repeated exposure to histamine in bronchial rings abolished contractile responses in Ca²⁺-free media, but Cch added afterwards still produced a sustained contraction. This response was blocked when bronchial tissues were preincubated with 10 μM cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Brief incubation of these preparations with a high EGTA concentration (1 mM) abolished the histamine-induced SBC. The SBC induced by Cch or histamine in Ca²⁺-free medium was not affected by the preincubation of the tissues with calphostin C, chelerythrine or staurosporine. We concluded that Cch mobilizes Ca²⁺ from two different sources during the SBC in Ca²⁺-free medium: from a CPA-sensitive one from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and from a putative extracellular membrane Ca²⁺ pool sensitive to 1 mM EGTA, and neither process involved PKC activation. Histamine appeared to utilize the extracellular membrane pool only. Received: 12 March 1998 / Accepted: 2 September 1998     

Ca(2+)-activated K+ current induced by external ATP in PC12 cells

1. The effect of external ATP on the membrane current was investigated in PC12 cells by whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. 2. Lower concentrations of ATP (1 or 10 mumol/L) induced only an inward current at 1 mmol/L EGTA in the K+ pipette solution, while higher concentrations of ATP (100 mumol/L and 1 mmol/L) induced an outward current following the inward current. 3. Lowering the EGTA concentration in the pipette solution induced a larger outward current following ATP application. The membrane potential at which the outward current crossed with the control before ATP application was more negative at lower concentrations of EGTA in the pipette. 4. The development of the outward current was blocked by a Ca(2+)-free external solution, 5 mmol/L tetraethylammonium and a Cs+ pipette solution instead of K+, indicating that the outward current was a Ca(2+)-activated K+ current. 5. Charybdotoxin (0.1 mumol/L) and iberiotoxin (0.1 mumol/L), but not apamin (0.2 mumol/L) blocked the development of the outward current, indicating the ATP-induced outward current is a BK-type Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel current and not the SK type. 6. UTP had no effect on the membrane current, indicating that the ATP-induced current change was not mediated by P2u but by P2x purinoceptor. 7. In conclusion, stimulation of P2x purinoceptors by ATP induces a Ca(2+)-permeable inward current that results in increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and activation of a BK-type Ca(2+)-activated K+ current in PC12 cells.     

广枣总黄酮对大鼠心室肌细胞IC_a、I_(to)和细胞[Ca~(2+)]_i的影响

目的　观察广枣总黄酮对大鼠心室肌细胞L 型钙通道电流 (ICa)和瞬时外向钾通道电流 (Ito)以及对心肌细胞内游离钙浓度 ([Ca2 + ]i)的影响 ,探讨其抗心律失常作用机制。方法　全细胞膜片钳记录大鼠心室肌细胞ICa、Ito,激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞 [Ca2 + ]i 的变化。结果　在钳制电压- 4 0mV ,实验电压 - 4 0～ +5 0mV时 ,广枣总黄酮 10 0mg·L-1对心室肌细胞ICa无显著影响 ;在钳制电压 - 6 0mV ,实验电压 - 4 0～ +5 0mV时显著抑制瞬时外向钾通道Ito(P <0 0 5 ) ;而激光共聚焦显微镜结果显示广枣总黄酮在 5 0、10 0、2 0 0mg·L-1却降低缺氧复氧心肌细胞收缩期和静息期[Ca2 + ]i 的浓度。结论　广枣总黄酮对心肌细胞ICa无显著影响 ,可显著抑制瞬时外向钾通道Ito,并可明显降低心肌细胞收缩期和静息期细胞 [Ca2 + ]i 浓度。这可能是其抗心律失常和保护缺血心肌的主要作用机制。