Validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale among a weight-loss surgery population

The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), recently validated in college students and binge eaters, is a means to assess “food addiction” in accordance with DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence. Using online survey methodology, we aimed to validate the use of the YFAS among weight loss surgery (WLS) patients. Participants completed measures about pre-WLS food addiction (YFAS), emotional and binge eating, behavioral activation and inhibition, and pre- and post-WLS substance use. A sample of 67 WLS patients (59.7% Roux-en-Y) was recruited; participants were 62.7% female, 86.6% Caucasian, had a mean age of 42.7; and 53.7% met the criteria for pre-WLS food addiction. Convergent validity was found between the YFAS and measures of emotional eating (r = .368, p < .05) and binge eating (r = .469, p < .05). Discriminant validity was supported in that problematic substance use, behavioral activation, and behavioral inhibition were not associated with YFAS scores. Incremental validity was supported in that the YFAS explained a significant proportion of additional variance in binge eating scores, beyond that predicted by emotional eating (EES) and disordered eating behavior (EAT-26). Those meeting the food addiction criteria had poorer percent total weight loss outcomes (32% vs. 27%). There was a nonsignificant trend towards those with higher food addiction being more likely to admit to post-WLS problematic substance use (i.e., potential “addiction transfer”; 53% vs. 39%). Results support the use of the YFAS as a valid measure of food addiction among WLS patients. Future research with a larger sample may shed light on potentially important relationships between pre-surgical food addiction and both weight and substance use outcomes.     

The impact of age and BMI on impairment due to disordered eating in a large female community sample

The impact of age and BMI on functional impairment in eating disorders was assessed by the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) scale in a representative community sample. The CIA was administered to 1080 women aged 16–50 years (M = 36.2, SD = 9.5) with a range of BMI from 13.5 to 55.0 (M = 24.6, SD = 4.9) randomly selected from the Norwegian National Population Register. The average global CIA score was 5.3 (SD = 8.5). Impairment tended to decrease with age (r_s = ?.20, p < .01), yet increased with greater BMI (r_s = .31, p < .01). Approximately 30% of the participants with obesity scored in the clinical range compared to 7% of the underweight and normal-weight participants. Data supported the utility and feasibility of the CIA as a measure of functional impairment secondary to weight, shape, and eating concerns. It is recommended that age and BMI be considered during the interpretation of CIA data.     

Linezolid versus vancomycin cost in the treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia

ObjectiveStaphylococcus aureus is involved in around 20% of nosocomial pneumonia cases. Vancomycin used to be the reference antibiotic in this indication, but new molecules have been commercialized, such as linezolid. Previous studies comparing vancomycin and linezolid were based on models. Comparing their real costs from a hospital perspective was needed.MethodsWe performed a bicentric retrospective analysis with a cost-minimization analysis. The hospital antibiotic acquisition costs were used, as well as the laboratory test and administration costs from the health insurance cost scale. The cost of each hospital stay was evaluated using the national cost scale per diagnosis related group (DRG), and was then weighted by the stay duration.ResultsFifty-eight patients were included. All bacteria identified in pulmonary samples were S. aureus. The cost of nursing care per stay with linezolid was €234.10 (SD = 91.50) vs. €381.70 (SD = 184.70) with vancomycin (P = 0.0029). The cost of laboratory tests for linezolid was €172.30 (SD = 128.90) per stay vs. €330.70 (SD = 198.40) for vancomycin (P = 0.0005). The acquisition cost of linezolid per stay was not different from vancomycin based on the price of the generic drug (€54.92 [SD = 20.54] vs. €40.30 [SD = 22.70]). After weighting by the duration of stay observed, the mean cost per hospital stay was €47,411.50 for linezolid and €57,694.0 for vancomycin (NSD).ConclusionThese results, in favor of linezolid, support other former pharmacoeconomic study based on models. The mean cost per hospitalization stay was not statistically different between the two study groups, but a trend in favor of linezolid is emerging.     

Methodology for assigning appropriate glycaemic index values to an Australian food composition database

We aimed to produce an updated Australian glycaemic index (GI) database based on a systematic method. GI values were assigned to the 3871 unique foods in an Australian food composition database. Following the method, 1124 (29%) foods had less than 2.5 g of available carbohydrates per 100 g and were assigned a GI of 0, and 416 (11%) foods had a direct match in one of the three data tables used. The GI value of a ‘closely related’ food was assigned to 1793 (46%) foods; 135 foods (3%) had their GI values calculated using the weighted average GI method; 391 (10%) foods were assigned the median GI of their corresponding food subgroup, and 12 (<1%) foods were assigned a GI of 0 because they were not significant sources of carbohydrates in a typical diet. For the 3634 foods which received a GI value in the 2009 assignment, 1954 (53.8%) had an updated GI value, and the mean ± SD difference between the 2009 and current assigned values was +3.0 ± 16.0 units (paired sample t-test p < 0.001). Acknowledging some limitations, this database will enhance the utility of the GI concept in research and clinical settings in Australia (199 words).     

How much does what you eat matter? The potential role of meal size,fat content,and gender on ratings of desirability

This study examined how the amount and type of food that a person eats affects perceptions of their personal desirability, femininity/masculinity, and body size while accounting for any assumed similarity biases. Female students (18 to 59 years old) were recruited through the School of Psychology at the University of Adelaide. Participants (n = 191) rated the characteristics of a fictional person based on information in a personal profile. Profiles were identical aside from experimental manipulations of gender (male/female), meal size (small/large) and meal type (regular fat/high fat) with meal manipulations calculated using nutrient recommendations. Ratings of desirability and body size were affected primarily by meal type with targets described as eating a regular fat meal seen as more desirable (M = 5.40, SD = 0.56) and thinner (M = 3.93, SD = 1.05) than those having a high fat meal (M = 5.09, SD = 0.66; M = 4.29, SD = 1.04) (p = .001). Meal size manipulations affected only ratings of body size with larger meals (M = 4.25, SD = 0.88) resulting in higher ratings relative to smaller meals (M = 3.96, SD = 1.20) (p = .036). Despite a suggestion of interactions between target gender and both meal characteristics for ratings of femininity/masculinity in our results, post-hoc analyses largely failed to reveal any pairwise differences. Perceived similarity to the target did relate to levels of desirability (p = .006), and self-esteem positively associated with ratings of target body size (p = .010). Even though men's perceptions of eating behaviours were not reported in this paper, these findings have implications for a better understanding of social pressures faced not only by women, but also for men, as potentially both genders may be affected by eating norms regarding the healthiness of a meal.     

Resilience Scale-25 Spanish version: Validation and assessment in eating disorders

ObjectivesTo validate into Spanish the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale — 25 (RS-25), assess and compare the scores on the scale among women from the general population, eating disorder (ED) patients and recovered ED patients.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study. ED participants were invited to participate by their respective therapists. The sample from the general population was gathered via an open online survey. Participants (N general population = 279; N ED patients = 124; and N recovered ED patients = 45) completed the RS-25, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-BREF and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Mean age of participants ranged from 28.87 to 30.42 years old. Statistical analysis included a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and ANOVA.ResultsThe two-factor model of the RS-25 produced excellent fit indexes. Measurement invariance across samples was generally supported. The ANOVA found statistically significant differences in the RS-25 mean scores between the ED patients (Mean = 103.13, SD = 31.32) and the recovered ED participants (Mean = 138.42, SD = 22.26) and between the ED patients and the general population participants (Mean = 136.63, SD = 19.56).DiscussionThe Spanish version of the RS-25 is a psychometrically sound measurement tool in samples of ED patients. Resilience is lower in people diagnosed with ED than in recovered individuals and the general population.     

Grupos de morbilidad ajustados: características y comorbilidades de los pacientes crónicos según nivel de riesgo en Atención Primaria

AimsTo describe the characteristics of patients with chronic conditions according to their risk levels assigned by the adjusted morbidity groups (AMG). To analyse the factors associated with a high risk level and to study their effect.DesignObservational cross-sectional study with an analytical focus.LocationPrimary care (PC), Madrid Health Service.ParticipantsPopulation of 18,107 patients stratified by their risk levels with the AMG in the computerised clinical records of Madrid PC.Main measurementsThe variables studied were: socio-demographic, clinical-nursing care and use of services. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were performed.ResultsOf the 18,107 patients, 9,866(54.4%) were identified as chronic patients, with 444 (4.5%) stratified as high risk, 1784 (18,1%) as medium risk, and 7,638 (77.4%) as low risk. The high risk patients, compared with medium and low risk, had an older mean age [77.8 (SD = 12.9), 72.1 (SD = 12.9), 50.6 (SD = 19.4)], lower percentage of women (52.3%, 65%, 61.1%), a higher number of chronic diseases [6.7 (SD = 2.4), 4.3 (SD = 1.5), 1.9 (SD = 1.1)], polymedication (79.1%, 43.3%, 6.2%), and contact with PC [33.9 (28), 21.4 (17.3), 7.9 (9.9)] (P <. 01). In the multivariate analysis, the high risk level was independently related to age > 65 [1.43 (1.03-1.99), male gender (OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.64-4.52), immobility (OR = 6.33, 95% CI = 4.40-9.11), number of chronic conditions (OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 2.41-2.81), and PC contact > 7 times (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.36-2.80)] (P < .01).ConclusionsMore than half of the population is classified by the AMG as a chronic, and it is stratified into 3 risk levels that show differences in gender, age, functional impairment, need for care, morbidity, complexity, and use of Primary Care services. Age > 65, male gender, immobility, number of chronic conditions, and contact with PC > 7 times were the factors associated with high risk.     

Emotional eating,marital status and history of physical abuse predict 2-year weight loss in weight loss surgery patients

BackgroundWeight loss surgery (WLS) is an effective weight loss treatment for individuals with severe obesity. Psychosocial factors can affect short-term WLS outcomes. This study sought to identify psychosocial predictors of medium-term outcomes.MethodsIn this prospective study, 250 consecutive WLS candidates were evaluated between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010. Each completed baseline medical, surgical, and psychological evaluations as part of standard of care. Two hundred and four patients had surgery (81.6%). Successful surgical outcome was defined as ≥ 50% excess weight loss two years post-surgery.ResultsComparison of study sample (n = 80) and those lost to follow-up (n = 124) revealed negligible differences across baseline characteristics. At follow-up, 60% (n = 48) of the sample was classified as a success with an average of 72.58% (std dev = 13.01%) excess weight lost. The remaining 40% (n = 32) was classified as a failure with an average of 33.98% (std dev = 13.19%) excess weight lost. Logistic regression revealed that pre-surgical marital status, emotional eating, and history of physical abuse were independently associated with outcome variables, p < 0.05.ConclusionsBeing married, perhaps as a proxy for social support, is associated with 6.9 times increased odds of medium-term WLS success and emotionally driven disordered eating patterns are associated with 7.4 times increased odds of medium-term WLS success. A history of physical abuse is associated with an 84% decreased odds of successful medium-term outcomes. Further research that studies both the quality and impact of spousal support on weight loss as well as longer-term effects of emotional eating on outcomes is needed. Addressing longer-standing consequence of abuse may improve WLS outcomes.     

Group versus individual phone-based obesity treatment for rural women

Rural women have among the highest rates of obesity and sedentary lifestyle, yet few studies have examined strategies for delivering state-of-the-art obesity treatment to hard-to-reach rural areas. The purpose of this pilot trial was to examine the impact and cost-effectiveness of a 6-month behavioral weight loss program delivered to rural women by phone either one-on-one with a counselor or to a group via conference call. Thirty-four rural women (mean BMI = 34.4, SD = 4.6) were randomized to group phone-based treatment or individual phone-based treatment. Completers analysis showed that weight loss was greater in the group condition (mean = 14.9 kg = , SD = 4.4) compared to the individual condition (mean = 9.5 kg, SD = 5.2; p = .03). Among the total sample, 62% of participants in the group condition achieved the 10% weight loss goal compared to 50% in the individual condition, and group treatment was found to be more cost-effective. Future research is warranted to examine the benefits of group phone-based treatment for long-term management of obesity among rural populations.     

Joint effects of objectively-measured sedentary time and physical activity on all-cause mortality

ObjectiveExamine the joint effects of objectively-measured sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on all-cause mortality.MethodsThe present study included data from the 2003–2006 National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey, with mortality follow-up data (via National Death Index) through 2011 (N = 5575 U.S. adults). Sedentary time (activity counts/min between 0 and 99) and MVPA (activity counts/min ≥ 2020) were objectively measured using the ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer.ResultsThe median age of the participants was 50 yrs; proportion of men was 50.2%; proportion of whites was 53.8%, 18.7% for blacks; median follow-up was 81 months; and 511 deaths occurred over the follow-up period. After adjusting for age, gender, race-ethnicity, cotinine, weight status, poverty level, C-reactive protein and comorbid illness (summed score of 0–8 chronic diseases), and for a 1 min increase in MVPA and sedentary time, both MVPA (HR_adjusted = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99; P = 0.04) and sedentary time (HR_adjusted = 1.001; 95% CI: 1.0003–1.002; P = 0.008) were independently associated with all-cause mortality. Further, MVPA was associated with all-cause mortality among those with greater (above median) sedentary time (HR_adjusted = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93–0.97; P < .001). Sedentary time was not associated with all-cause mortality among those engaging in above median levels of MVPA (HR_adjusted = 0.998; 95% CI: 0.996–1.001; P = .32), but sedentary time was associated with increased mortality risk among those below median levels of MVPA (HR = 1.002; 95% CI: 1.001–1.003; P < 0.001).ConclusionsSedentary time and MVPA are independently associated with all-cause mortality. Above median sedentary time levels did not negate the beneficial effects of MVPA on all-cause mortality risk.     

Dietary glycemic index is inversely associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease: A case–control study in Japan

ObjectiveHigh glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) carbohydrates might be expected to decrease the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) by an insulin-induced increase in brain dopamine. We conducted a hospital-based case–control study in Japan to examine associations between dietary GI and GL and other dietary carbohydrate variables, including intake of available carbohydrate and dietary fiber, and PD.MethodsPatients with PD diagnosed using the U.K. Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank criteria (n = 249) and controls without neurodegenerative diseases (n = 368) were recruited. Dietary intake during the preceding month was assessed at the time of study recruitment using a validated, self-administered, semiquantitative, comprehensive diet history questionnaire.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential dietary and non-dietary confounding factors, dietary GI was significantly inversely associated with the risk of PD. Multivariate odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for PD in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of dietary GI were 1.00 (reference), 1.03 (0.64–1.66), 0.68 (0.41–1.15), and 0.61 (0.34–1.09), respectively (P for trend = 0.04). Conversely, no significant association was observed for other dietary carbohydrates, including dietary GL (P for trend = 0.77), available carbohydrate intake (P for trend = 0.28), or dietary fiber intake (P for trend = 0.73).ConclusionThis preliminary case–control study based on current dietary habits found an independent inverse relation between dietary GI and PD. Considering the plausibility of the putative mechanism, further investigation using a case–control design with accurate assessment of past dietary habits or a prospective design is warranted.     

A questionnaire approach to measuring the relative reinforcing efficacy of snack foods

Behavioral choice theory and laboratory choice paradigms can provide a framework to understand the reinforcing efficacy or reinforcing value of food. Reinforcing efficacy is measured in the laboratory by assessing how much effort one will engage in to gain access to food as the amount of work progressively increases. However, this method to establish demand curves as estimates of reinforcer efficacy is time consuming and limits the number of reinforcers that can be tested. The general aim of this study was to compare the reinforcing efficacy of snack foods using a behavioral task that requires subjects to respond to gain access to portions of food (LAB task) with a questionnaire version of a purchasing task designed to determine demand curves (QUES task) in nonobese and obese adults (n = 24). Results showed correlations between the maximal amount of money that individuals were willing to spend for food (QUES O_max) and the maximal amount of responses made on the highest reinforcement schedule completed (LAB O_max) (r = 0.45, p < 0.05), and between BMI and the LAB O_max (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) and the QUES O_max (r = 0.52, p < 0.05). The study suggests the questionnaire provides valid measures of reinforcing efficacy that can be used in place of or in conjunction with traditional laboratory paradigms to establish demand curves that describe the behavioral maintaining properties of food.     

Victimización sexual autorreportada en adolescentes españoles comunitarios y en colectivos de riesgo

ObjectiveTo determine the extent of sexual victimization in four groups of Spanish adolescents based on their own reports.MethodAn observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted. Sexual victimization was assessed by seven questions included in the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. The samples were composed of 1,105 adolescents (mean age [M] = 14.52, standard deviation [SD] = 1.76) from seven secondary schools; 149 adolescents (M = 14.28; SD = 1.45) from 14 child and adolescent mental health centers; 129 adolescents (M = 14.59, SD = 1.62) institutionalized in 18 long-term (78.3%) and short-term (21.7%) residential centers belonging to the child protection system; and 101 adolescents (M = 16.08, SD = 0.99) recruited from three detention centers (77.2%) and five open regime teams or follow-up services for court orders for minors not requiring loss of freedom (22.8%).ResultsThe extent of lifetime sexual victimization ranged from 14.7% of the adolescents in the community sample to 23.5% of youths attended in mental health services, 35.6% of youths involved in the juvenile justice system, and 36.4% of children protected by the child welfare system. Most of the victims were female, the only exception being the group of male victims from the juvenile justice system.ConclusionsSexual victimization of children is widespread in Spain and its distribution differs depending on the group of children under study.     

PK/PD targets of amikacin and gentamicin in ICU patients

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the probability to achieve PK-PD targets in patients with sepsis hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) after a single dose of 30 mg/kg of amikacin or 8 mg/kg of gentamicin.Patients and methodsThis single-center prospective study included 138 ICU patients with severe sepsis or septic shock with an indication for intravenous amikacin (N = 89) or gentamicin (N = 49). Maximum concentration (C_max) was measured 30 minutes after infusion completion. PK/PD objectives were respectively C_max ≥ 60 mg/L and ≥ 30 mg/L for amikacin and gentamicin for empirical therapy, and a C_max/MIC ratio ≥ 8, as per French guidelines.ResultsThe median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was 43 and ICU case fatality rate was 34.8%. A causative bacterial agent was identified in 94 patients (68.1%). Three pathogens had acquired aminoglycoside resistance and 15 were naturally resistant. The targeted C_max for the first dose was achieved in 53 patients (59.6%) receiving amikacin, and one (2.2%) patient receiving gentamicin. C_max/MIC ratio ≥ 8 was obtained in all patients infected with susceptible pathogens (N = 72). Factors associated with C_max ≥ 60 mg/L of amikacin in multivariate analysis were dose per kg of adapted body weight (OR = 1.39, P < 0.001) and renal clearance estimated with CKD-EPI formula (OR = 0.98, P = 0.003).ConclusionsDespite high doses, amikacin and gentamicin first C_max remain dramatically low in ICU patients. However, an adequate C_max/MIC ratio was reached in all patients.     

The addition of peanuts to habitual diets is associated with lower consumption of savory non–core snacks by men and sweet non–core snacks by women

Snacking is associated with intakes of non–core foods which may predispose to obesity. Peanuts have potential satiety benefits and may assist with weight management; we hypothesized that peanut consumption would reduce intake of non–core snack foods due to compensation. We investigated the effects of adding peanuts to a habitual diet on snacking habits and energy intake. Sixty-one healthy participants (65 ± 7 years, body mass index 31 ± 4 kg/m²) consumed their habitual diet with or without peanuts (56 g/d for 32 women, 84 g/d for 29 men) for 12 weeks each in a randomized crossover design. Food diaries were analyzed at baseline and after each 12-week period for meal and snack content and timing. Total energy intake was higher (17% for men [P < .001], 9% for women [P < .001]) during the peanut phase. Body weight was 0.5 ± 0.2 kg (P = .010) greater during the peanut phase. Snacking occasions increased during the peanut phase (53% for men [P = .001], 14% for women [P = .01]). Servings of other snack foods did not change during the peanut phase (P = .6) compared with control. However, sex-specific analysis revealed that men and women consumed less savory (P < .001) and sweet (P = .01) non–core snacks, respectively, during the peanut phase. Despite increased energy intake and snacking frequency, peanuts may improve the diet through sex-specific reductions of non–core foods; for optimal energy balance, peanuts should be substituted rather than added to the diet.     

Smoking and alcohol use in gastric bypass patients

Bariatric surgery may increase the risk of substance use. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess smoking and alcohol use before and after bariatric surgery, identify characteristics associated with alcohol use and smoking, and examine substance use and weight loss. Participants (N = 155, mean = 50.1 ± 11.3 y and 45.7 ± 7.0 kg/m²) were Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients that completed surveys on substance use preoperatively and postoperatively. Alcohol use decreased significantly from the preoperative (72.3%) to the postoperative (63.2%) period. As preoperative alcohol quantity rose, the odds of consuming any alcohol postoperatively increased six-fold. Higher BMI increased the odds of high alcohol consumption. Older age decreased the odds of alcohol use and smoking. Smoking status did not differ pre- (19.4%) to post- (14.8%) surgery. Alcohol use and smoking were not associated with weight loss. After weight-loss surgery, alcohol use declined but smoking rates did not significantly change. Younger patients were more likely to use alcohol and smoke postoperatively. Patients with a higher BMI or a history of substance use may be more likely to use alcohol postoperatively.     

Emotional and instrumental support during childhood and biological dysregulation in midlife

ObjectiveTo determine whether greater emotional and instrumental support during childhood is associated with less dysregulation across multiple physiological systems in midlife.MethodsData are from participants in the second wave of the Midlife in the United States study (2004–2005) who participated in a clinic-based assessment of health status. Emotional and instrumental support was measured using a seven-item scale (α = 0.89) based on participant retrospective self-report. Biological dysregulation was assessed using an allostatic load (AL) score constructed from 24 measures across seven physiological systems (N = 1236, aged 34–84 years).ResultsEmotional and instrumental support in childhood was associated with lower AL in a monotonic fashion: compared to individuals in the lowest quartile of support, respondents in the second, third, and fourth quartiles had − 0.08 (standard deviation (SD) = 0.08), − 0.13 (SD = 0.08) and − 0.21 (SD = 0.08) units lower AL, adjusting for age, sex, and race. This pattern was maintained after adjustment for reporting bias, childhood socioeconomic disadvantage, past-year depression, and physician-diagnosed cardiovascular disease or diabetes (p ≤ 0.01). The inflammation and metabolic-lipid subscales showed the strongest associations.ConclusionsGreater emotional and instrumental support in childhood was associated with less biological dysregulation in midlife, even after accounting for socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood and other potential confounders.     

Weight pressures in sport: Examining the factor structure and incremental validity of the weight pressures in sport — Females

Due to pressures within the sport environment, such as from coaches, teammates, uniforms and judges, female athletes may develop unhealthy eating practices to lose weight or change their body size/shape to become more competitive and meet societal and sport-related physique ideals. However, up until the development of the Weight Pressures in Sport for Females (WPS-F; Reel, SooHoo, Petrie, Greenleaf, & Carter, 2010) there was no way to quantify sport-specific weight pressures with female athletes. In this study, the psychometric properties of the scale were further examined using a sample of 414 female collegiate athletes. Sample 1 [n = 207; M = 19.27 years; SD = 1.16] and Sample 2 [n = 207; M = 19.19 years; SD = 1.66] participants were of a similar age and were used for exploratory and confirmatory analyses respectively. A two factor structure was confirmed and it was established that the scale was unique from general sociocultural pressures that all women experience, predicting female athletes' internalization, body dissatisfaction, dietary intent, and bulimic symptomatology. Specifically, the following factors, Coach and Sport Pressures about Weight (Factor 1) and Pressures Regarding Appearance and Performance (Factor 2), were found to have strong internal consistency and the emerging reliable and valid WPS-F has practical implications for screening and identifying weight-related sport pressures within female athletes. WPS-F can also serve to educate sport professionals about environmental pressures so that disordered eating and body image disturbances can be prevented.