兔眼晶体机械伤后谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量动态变化

兔眼晶体机械性损伤后不同时间测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，其结果表明：伤后８小时至２１天内，ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性较对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＭＤＡ含量则显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示晶体外伤后抗自由基及脂质过氧化作用降低，是导致ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性下降、ＭＤＡ含量升高和白内障形成的重要原因。     

正常犬血房水晶状体中的抗氧化酶和抗氧化物相关性研究

目的探讨正常犬血、房水、晶状体中抗氧化酶和抗氧化物在维持晶状体透明过程中的相关关系及作用。方法选用 ８～１２ ｋｇ健康成年杂种犬 ２０只，雌雄不限。超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）用巴比妥酸反应比色法测定，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）用改进的还原型谷胱甘肽消耗法，ＶｉｔＣ和 ＶｉｔＥ分别用微量荧光法和比色法测定。结果ＳＯＤ，ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ，ＶｉｔＣ，ＶｉｔＥ及ＭＤＡ在血、房水、晶状体中相互间存在２６个明显相关方程（ｔ检验，Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论在正常情况下，在大血、房水、晶状体中抗氧化酶之间和抗氧化物之间以及二者之间存在相互协调、制约的动态平衡相关关系是保持晶状体透明的重要因素。     

老年性白内障血,房水,晶体中抗氧化物的研究

目的探讨老年性白内障患者血、房水、晶体中的抗氧化物对晶体的保护作用。方法随机取符合条件的老年性白内障４０例（４０眼）。ＶｉｔＣ和ＶｉｔＥ分别用微量荧光法和比色法测定。结果实验组血中ＶｉｔＣ和ＶｉｔＥ含量明显高于实验组房水和晶状体中二者的含量,并且二者在血－房水和血－晶状体中含量有显著性差异（Ｆ检验,Ｐ＜０．０１）;对照组房水和晶状体ＶｉｔＣ明显高于血中,并在对照组的血、房水、晶状体其含量有显著性差异（Ｆ检验,Ｐ＜０．０１）,对照组中ＶｉｔＥ含量基本接近。结论在房水和晶状体中ＶｉｔＣ、ＶｉｔＥ含量的下降是形成老年性白内障的原因之一。     

老年性白内障血房水晶体核中的抗氧化酶和抗氧化物相关性研究

探讨老年性白内障患者血,房水,晶体核中抗酶和抗氧化酶化物之间的相关关系及作用。方法随机取符合条件的老年性白内障４４例。超氧化物歧化酶（ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ,ＳＯＤ）用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定,丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ,ＭＤＡ）用巴比妥酸反应比色法测定,谷胱甘肽过氧化物（ｇｌｕｔａｔｉｏｎｅ－ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ,ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）用改进的还原型谷胱甘肽消耗法测定,ＶｉｔＣ和Ｖｉｔ     

香烟烟雾对大鼠晶状体脂质过氧化与抗氧化作用的影响

目的观察香烟烟雾对大鼠晶状体的脂质过氧化作用以及对抗氧化酶活性和非蛋白质巯基的影响。方法将大鼠造成香烟烟雾损伤模型并测定晶状体中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ，ＭＤＡ）和非蛋白质巯基（ｎｏｎ－ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓｕｌｐｈｙｄｒｙｌｇｒｏｕｐ，ＮＰ－ＳＨ）的水平以及超氧化物歧化酶（ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ，ＳＯＤ）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ｇｌｕ－ｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的活性。结果吸烟组大鼠晶状体中ＭＤＡ含量明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＮＰ－ＳＨ的含量、ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ的活性均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论香烟烟雾可能是导致白内障形成的重要原因之一。     

超氧化物歧化酶,脂质过氧化物与老年性白内障的关系

我们测定了３０位老年性白内障患者眼房水内及血清内的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ－Ⅰ）和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）。结果表明老年性白内障患者眼房水内超氧化物歧化酶含量较血清内低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而房水内的脂质过氧化物含量却高于血清（Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文还分析了房水内超氧化物歧化酶含量减少，脂质过氧化物增多对老年性白内障的发生、发展的影响。推测由于外界因素诸如阳光、紫外线、辐射、外界温度等是造成房水内活性氧增多     

超氧化物歧化酶、脂质过氧化物与老年性白内障的关系

我们测定了３０位老年性白内障患者眼房水内及血清内的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ－Ｉ）和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）。结果表明老年性白内障患者眼房水内超氧化物歧化酶含量较血清内低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而房水内的脂质过氧化物含量却高于血清（Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文还分析了房水内超氧化物歧化酶含量减少，脂质过氧化物增多对老年性白内障的发生。发展的影响。推测由于外界因素诸如阳光、紫外线、辐射、外界温度等是造成房水内活性氧增多，破坏了房水内氧化──抗氧化系统间的平衡的主要原因之一。     

老年性白内障血、房水、晶体核中抗氧化酶和抗氧化物研究

目的：了解抗氧化酶和抗氧化物之间的关系及其在老年性白内障形成中的作用。方法：随机取符合条件的老年性白内障４４例（４４眼）,男２３例,妇女１例,平均年龄６７．７岁。用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶（Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ ｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ,ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（Ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ ＭＤＡ）用巴比妥酸反应比色法测定,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｇｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅ－Ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ,ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）     

视网膜色素变性与血管内皮──血小板功能变化

对６５例视网膜色素变性（ＲＰ）患者和３３例正常人进行血浆血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）、６－酮前列腺素Ｆ（１α）（６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１α））、血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳｏＤ），全血谷脱甘肽过氧化物酶活性（ＧＳＨ－ｐＸ）等指标的测定，发现ＲＰ患者血浆ＴＸＢ２以及ＴＸＢ＿２和６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α比值Ｔ／Ｋ均较正常人升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）．６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α和ＳＯＤ较正常人降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而ＭＤＡ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ无明显改变，表明ＲＰ患者病理过程中存在血管内皮──血小板功能改变以及自由基的损伤。但对ＳＯＤ与ＴＸＢ２、Ｔ／Ｋ比值、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α的相关分析表明，它们之间无相关性（Ｐ＞０．０５），表明ＲＰ患者虽有血管内皮──血小板功能紊乱，但非自由基损伤所致。     

兔晶体机械性创伤后超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的动…

对兔晶体机械性创伤后不同时间的ＳＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量测定表明：创伤后第２１天内，实验组和对照组比较，ＳＯＤ活性显著性下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＭＤＡ含量显著性升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示：晶体创伤后自由基代谢异常和脂质过氧化作用增强，是眼外伤并发症的重要病理过程。     

Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in Cataractous Aqueous Humor and Lens Epithelial Cells

Purpose: To study the characteristics of PEDF in cataractous aqueous humor and its expression in human lens epithelium. Methods: The PEDF concentration in the aqueous humor was measured by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay in senile (130cases) and congenital (18cases) cataract patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification extraction surgery. Anterior lens capsular specimens were obtained from these patients to count lens epithelial cells (LEC) density. The Lens Opacities Classification System Ⅲ was used to classify the senile cataracts as cortical, nuclear, posterior subcapsular and mixed types of opacity, and quantitative analysis of the nuclear opacities was performed by Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system. Anterior lens capsular specimens from another senile (10cases) and congenital (10cases) cataract were collected for immunofluorescence with polyclonal antibodies specific to human pigment epithelium -derived factor (PEDF). Results:The mean aqueous level of PEDF was(178. 9±87. 5)ng/ml, and there was negative linear correlation of PEDF level and age (r=0. 811, P<0. 001). In senile cases, the aqueous PEDF concentration decreased with increasing nuclear opacities (r=0. 447, P < 0.01) , and the mean PEDF level in nuclear cataract was significantly lower than that in posterior subcapsular opacity (P < 0.01) . PEDF immunostaining was detected in LEC of all capsular specimens. Conclusion : The PEDF level in human aqueous humor is related to age, types of cataracts and lens opacity. PEDF also express in human LEC. The study results suggest PEDF may regulate and/or protect LEC by paracrine and autocrine, and lack of PEDF may play a role in cataractogenesis.     

Free epsilon amino groups and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural contents in clear and cataractous human lenses

The free epsilon-amino groups and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) contents were determined in soluble and insoluble proteins of clear human lenses and diabetic and nondiabetic senile cataractous lenses. The free epsilon-amino group content of soluble proteins in diabetic cataracts was decreased by 37% (P less than 0.01), whereas in nondiabetic senile cataracts it did not differ from that of clear lenses. The free epsilon-amino group content of insoluble proteins both in diabetic and nondiabetic cataracts was decreased significantly (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.015, respectively). The 5-HMF content of soluble proteins in diabetic cataracts was increased by 52% (P less than 0.001), whereas in nondiabetic cataracts it did not change from that of clear lenses. The 5-HMF content of insoluble proteins in diabetic as well as in nondiabetic cataracts was increased significantly as compared to that of clear lens (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.001, respectively). The soluble protein of diabetic and nondiabetic cataracts was decreased with an increase in the insoluble protein content. These results suggest that nonenzymatic glycosylation plays a role in the conformational change of lens proteins in both diabetic and nondiabetic cataracts.     

Copper concentration in cornea, iris, normal, and cataractous lenses and intraocular fluids of vertebrates

A method using electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy was developed for the determination of copper (Cu) concentration in the cornea, iris, and lens of a variety of species, including dog, cat, rabbit, horse, and toad. Previously described methods were used to determine Cu in aqueous and vitreous humor. There was little difference between copper levels in the same tissue or fluid across the species. However, there were age and pathology-related changes in Cu concentration of the aqueous humor, cornea, and lens. In the groups of older dogs, the Cu concentration of the aqueous humor and cornea is significantly lower than the two younger groups. In both the dog and rabbit, lenses from young animals have the lowest copper concentration which increases and then finally decreases with age. Canine hypermature cataracts have a significantly higher copper concentration than control dogs of all age groups. There was no correlation between Cu concentration in the intraocular fluids and the cataractous lenses taken from the same eye. The role such an increase in lenticular Cu concentration may play in cataractogenesis needs to be explored.     

Blood and lens lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in normal individuals,senile and diabetic cataractous patients

PURPOSE: Oxidative mechanisms are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cataract, the most important cause of visual impairment at advanced age. To determine the body's antioxidant status as well as its lipid peroxidation levels, both blood and lens parameters were evaluated. METHODS: This study was performed on the blood samples and lenses obtained from 46 patients diagnosed as having cataract and 20 control subjects. The control group was composed of 10 women and 10 men who do not smoke. Control subjects without any lens opacity or vacuoles when observed with a slit lamp were recruited on the same exclusion criteria as far as disease and treatment were concerned. No antioxidant medicines were used. They were all healthy individuals without any systemic diseases. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase (GSSG-Red) activities in red blood cell (RBC) lysates as well as whole blood glutathione (GSH) and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the indicator of lipid peroxidation concentrations, were determined quantitatively both in the blood samples and the lenses of the patients with senile and diabetic cataracts. RESULTS: Whole blood GSH values, and erythrocyte SOD activities were significantly lower in the cataractous patients than those in the control group. The values in the diabetic cataractous group were also less than those in the senile cataractous group. Significantly decreased erythrocyte GSSG-Red and G6PD activities were detected in the diabetic cataractous group. Plasma TBARS values were higher both in the senile and diabetic groups when compared to those in the control group. Significantly decreased values were observed for GSSG-Red activities and TBARS values in the lenses of the senile cataractous patients in comparison with those in the diabetic cataractous patients. The lens GSH values were found to be higher in the senile cataractous group than the values obtained in the diabetic cataractous group. CONCLUSIONS: A strong correlation was found between lens GSH and lens TBARS concentrations in the diabetic group. This emphasized the vital role of GSH as an antioxidant in the lens over the other antioxidant parameters, e.g., enzymes, and the oxidative stress is at the highest level in lens.     

Protein oxidation and lens opacity in humans

PURPOSE: Oxidative damage to lens proteins is a major factor leading to cataract formation. It is of pathogenic importance to determine a threshold of protein oxidation over which opacification of the lens takes place. METHODS: Sixty-two lenses extracted from patients affected by idiopathic senile, diabetic, or myopic cataract were studied. Clear lenses were obtained from subjects undergoing enucleation (n = 10) or vitrectomy for giant retinal tears (n = 9), and were age- and sex-matched to those with cataract. The content of carbonyls and sulfhydryls (P-SH) in proteins in the lens was assessed using spectrophotometric assay. RESULTS: An age-associated inverse relation (P < 0.01) was noted in the content of P-SH, the concentrations of which were also inversely related (P < 0.03) to the content of protein carbonyls. These changes were more pronounced in cataracts than in clear lenses and in diabetic and myopic cataracts when compared with senile cataracts. The drop of P-SH concentration occurred earlier in diabetic and in myopic cataracts than in senile cataracts. The accumulation of protein carbonyls > 2 nmol/mg protein and the decrease of P-SH below 12 to 10 nmol/mg protein were always accompanied by lens opacification. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic senile, diabetic, and myopic cataractogenesis appear to be dependent on oxidative damage to lens proteins. This damage occurs earlier in myopic and diabetic patients. Values of P-SH below and protein carbonyls above their specific threshold were found to be predictive for the presence of cataract. Because increased oxidation was observed in clear lenses removed from myopic and diabetic subjects, oxidation may be involved in the pathogenesis of these forms of human cataract.     

老年性白内障患者血清及房水中SOD、MDA表达与后囊膜混浊的关系

目的　探究老年性白内障患者血清及房水中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）表达与后囊膜混浊的关系。方法　选取2017年5月至2021年4月我院收治的200例（200眼）老年性白内障患者作为观察组,另选取同期健康体检者60名（60眼）作为对照组。比较两组受检者血清及房水中SOD、MDA表达,并评价受检者血清及房水中SOD、MDA对老年性白内障的诊断价值,分析老年性白内障患者术后后囊膜混浊发病的影响因素。结果　观察组患者血清及房水中SOD表达均较对照组低,血清及房水中MDA表达均较对照组高（均为P<0.05）。血清及房水中SOD、MDA联合诊断老年性白内障的AUC最大,为0.914（95%CI:0.873～0.945）,敏感度为86.67%,特异度为82.00%。年龄,人工晶状体材料,血清及房水中SOD、MDA含量手术前后差值绝对值均为老年性白内障患者术后后囊膜混浊发生的独立影响因素（均为P<0.05）。结论　老年性白内障患者血清及房水中SOD、MDA含量均存在一定变化,检测其表达水平,可为疾病诊断及术后后囊膜混浊预测提供参考依据。