梗死前心绞痛对急性心肌梗死溶栓-再灌注的影响

目的 :探讨梗死前心绞痛与急性心肌梗死溶栓 再灌注的关系。方法 :对 2 7例梗死前 1周内有不稳定性心绞痛和 2 5例梗死前无心绞痛的患者进行比较。 2组基础临床情况相匹配。梗死范围大小根据血清酶和∑R、NQ来估计 ,冠脉再通时间以抬高最明显的ST段迅速下降达 5 0 %为准。结果 :溶栓后 30min内梗死前心绞痛组 33%冠脉再通 ,而梗死前无心绞痛组没有 1例再通 (P <0 0 0 5 ) ;6 0min内再通率分别为 5 9%和 36 % (P <0 0 0 5 ) ;再通时间分别为 (49± 16 )min和 (6 9± 19)min(P <0 0 5 )。在梗死前心绞痛组 ,反映梗死范围大小的血清酶均明显低 ,而∑R相对较高 ,NQ数目相对较少 (均P <0 0 5 )。结论 :梗死前心绞痛组溶栓效果较好 ,梗死范围较小 ,梗死前反复心绞痛可作为对溶栓治疗敏感的预测指标。     

溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死QT离散度的影响

目的 :比较AMI溶栓治疗前后QT离散度的变化 ,评价溶栓治疗对AMIQTd的影响。方法 :测定急性心肌梗死病人溶栓前后心电图的QTd和QTcd。结果 :急性心肌梗死溶栓前QTd为 5 8 43± 8 84ms ,溶栓后为 3 4 3 5±10 .62ms(P <0 .0 1) ;溶栓前QTcd为 61 49± 12 .0 3ms ,溶栓前为 3 8 72± 10 .3 1ms(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :溶栓治疗能够明显缩短QTd和QTcd ,可能与梗死血管再通 ,心肌细胞恢复再灌注有关     

3种溶栓药物治疗急性心肌梗死的效果比较

①目的　比较尿酸氧化酶、链激酶和基因重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (r tPA) 3种药物溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的效果 ,为临床合理用药提供参考。②方法　对 1 997年 1 2月～ 2 0 0 2年 1月 1 63例AMI溶栓治疗病人的临床资料进行回顾分析。将 1 63例病人分为尿酸氧化酶组、链激酶组、r tPA组 ,溶栓治疗后 ,观察血管再通率、出血率、4周病死率、梗死后心绞痛发生率。③结果　r tPA组血管再通率最高 ,达 76 .1 % ,4周病死率、梗死后心绞痛发生率最低 (χ2 =4.341～ 6 .1 89,P <0 .0 5)。④结论　r tPA应作为AMI溶栓治疗的首选药物     

梗死前心绞痛在急性心肌梗死中的临床意义

目的 :探讨梗死前心绞痛 (PAP)对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)病情的影响。方法 :对 77例 AMI病人按是否有梗死前心绞痛分为 PAP组和对照组 ,分析两组的心肌梗死范围、梗死后并发症等情况。结果 :PAP组和对照组肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK- MB)分别为 (5 4 .3± 2 8.5 ) U / L和 (10 4 .4± 5 4 .5 ) U / L (P <0 .0 5 ) ;心电图的 QRS积分分别为 (7.3± 3.5 )分和 (10 .4± 4 .1)分 (P <0 .0 1) ;住院期间严重心律失常的发生率为 15 .0 %和 37.8% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,左心衰竭发生率为 17.5 %和 4 0 .5 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :PAP在限制心肌梗死范围 ,改善左心功能和减少恶性心律失常等方面起预适应保护作用。     

缺血预处理对急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗冠脉再通及预后影响的临床分析

目的：探讨缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死（AMI）溶栓治疗后冠脉血管再通及近期预后的影响。方法：对86例AMI并进行尿激酶溶栓患者的临床资料进行分析，按梗死前有无心绞痛分为心绞痛组（IP）与非心绞痛组（对照组）。比较两组患者心肌酶浓度、冠脉再通率、左室功能及心脏事件发生率的差异。结果：（1）IP组尿激酶溶栓血管再通率及再通速率高于对照组（P〈0．05）；（2）IP组AMI后血清心肌酶峰值、梗死面积及心脏主要并发症及住院病死率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）；（3）IP组AMI后EF恢复优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：缺血预处理对梗死前心绞痛的缺血心肌起明显的保护作用；可提高AMI溶栓后血管再通率。从而减少梗死面积和心肌损害程度。降低病死率。     

心肌梗死患者白细胞增多临床意义的探讨

目的 :探讨白细胞计数与急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的关系。方法 :测定 4 3例AMI患者白细胞计数及中性粒细胞数 ,并与 4 3例健康对照组作比较。结果 :AMI组白细胞计数明显高于对照组〔(9 77± 8 4 1 )× 1 0 9/L比 (7 1 8± 5 2 7)× 1 0 9/L ,P <0 0 1〕 ;AMI组的中性粒细胞数也明显高于对照组〔(6 2 4± 2 4 5 )× 1 0 9/L比 (3 81± 1 36 )× 1 0 9/L ,P <0 0 1〕。结论 :白细胞增多与AMI关系密切。动态观察白细胞的变化 ,可能成为AMI患者病情监测及预后判断的辅助指标     

急性心肌梗死溶栓后24小时内T波倒置的临床观察

目的 :探讨急性心肌梗死溶栓后 2 4h内T波倒置与冠脉再通的关系及临床意义。方法 :根据溶栓后2 4h内T波倒置与否 ,将 5 6例接受溶栓治疗的患者分为A组 (倒置组 )和B组 (未倒置组 ) ,根据临床间接血管再通标准观察两组冠脉再通情况及临床意义。结果 :两组冠脉再通率分别为 72 4%和 3 3 3 % (P <0 .0 1) ;住院期间室射血分数分别为 ( 5 7 5± 11 6) %和 ( 4 6 2± 13 2 ) % (P <0 .0 1) ;住院期间冠脉事件发生率分别为 13 7%和 3 7 0 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :急性心肌梗死溶栓后 2 4h内T波倒置可作为冠脉再通的临床间接指标 ,同时提示更好的临床预后。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓临床再通后择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与药物治疗的对比分析

目的 :对比分析急性心肌梗死 (AMI)溶栓开通梗死相关血管 (IRA)后择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)及药物治疗疗效及预后。方法 :回顾分析我院收治的ST段抬高AMI采用尿激酶 2 0 0万u 或重组链激酶 15 0万u 静脉溶栓再通的 13 1例患者 ,其中 5 2例溶栓后 10～ 2 0天内接受PCI治疗 ,另有 79例常规药物治疗 ,随访 12～ 3 6月 ,比较两组住院和随诊期间的情况。结果 :PCI与药物治疗组随访期内再住院率 17.3 %比 3 6.7% ,心绞痛发作率 19.2 %比 40 .5 % ,非致死性心肌梗死 1.9%比 11.4% ,死亡 0比 6.3 % ,P均小于 0 .0 1;住院期间、1年后自身对照及两组对照LVEF均有明显改善 ,PCI组更显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :急性心肌梗死溶栓临床再通后行择期PCI ,明显减少再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、死亡及再次住院率 ,改善患者心功能及预后     

急性心肌梗死急诊溶栓与住院溶栓的对比观察

目的　对比急性心肌梗死 (AMI)急诊溶栓和住院溶栓的疗效 ,探讨AMI后溶栓的时间对血管再通率、病人病死率以及并发症的影响。方法　将病人随机分为具有可比性的治疗组 (急诊科溶栓组 )和对照组 (住院溶栓组 )两组 ,溶栓药物均采用国产尿激酶 (UK) 150万单位加入 0 .9%生理盐水10ml溶解后 ,再加入 5%葡萄糖溶液 10 0ml中 30min内滴入。结果　急诊溶栓治疗组平均开始时间比住院组提前 12 0min ,再通率为 81% ,而住院组再通率为 61.9% ,两组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ;病死率前者为 2 .4 % ,后者为 7.1% ,两组对比差异有显著性。两周后测定左室射血分数 ,前者为 52 .0 0± 0 .2 1,后者为 4 0 .0 2± 0 .13,两者差异有显著性。结论　对有溶栓指征者尽早溶栓 ,将显著提高血管再通率 ,明显改善患者心功能 ,降低病死率     

急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者溶栓及近期疗效分析

目的　比较急性心肌梗死患者有或无糖尿病早期静脉溶栓治疗的有效性和安全性以及溶栓后五周内再发心肌缺血事件及心功能状况。方法　 380例急性心肌梗死患者给予不同的溶栓剂治疗。结果　有糖尿病组和无糖尿病组的血管再通率分别为 :56 8%和 74 3 % (P <0 0 5) ;出血等不良反应发生率为 5 2 %和 3 8% (P <0 0 5) ;死亡率为 2 0 7%和 5 96 %(P <0 0 5) ;溶栓后五周内再发心肌缺血事件的发生率有糖尿病组和无糖尿病组分别为 1 5 5 %和 3 5 % (P <0 0 5) ;心肌射血分数EF值分别为 52 1± 1 1 1和 60 9± 1 2 3(P <0 0 5)。结论　急性心肌梗死患者合并糖尿病溶栓治疗血管再通率明显低于无糖尿病患者且近期预后亦差。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.