主动脉弓部疾病腔内治疗的新进展

<正>胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)的出现彻底打破了降主动脉疾病以开放手术为主的治疗格局^[1],但受限于主动脉弓特殊的解剖形态、复杂的血流动力学环境及分支重建难度大等不利因素,弓部疾病一度被视为腔内治疗的“禁区”和“最后争夺的阵地”^[2]。尽管目前开放手术仍然是年轻、能耐受手术风险患者的治疗首选,但近年来随着腔内技术及器材不断改良及成熟,主动脉弓腔内修复术(endovascular aortic arch repair,EAAR)已被推向了全新的高度,逐渐成为外科手术风险较高患者的一种可行性选择。     

杂交技术与传统开放手术治疗主动脉弓部疾病:孰优孰劣?

开放全主动脉弓部置换联合象鼻支架置人术是治疗累及主动脉弓部夹层/动脉瘤的标准术式.近年来随着腔内介入技术的发展,结合弓上血管去分支和导丝导管技术的杂交手术可缩短甚至避免体外循环或者深低温停循环,理论上能有效降低围术期各类风险,为无法接受开放手术的高危患者提供了新的治疗选择.然而,目前对于开放手术和杂交技术在治疗主动脉弓...     

一期杂交手术治疗主动脉弓部疾病的远期结果

目的:回顾分析我院接受杂交手术(Hybrid arch repair,HAR)治疗主动脉弓部疾病的远期预后结果。方法:2009年1月至2018年1月,共87例患者因主动脉弓部疾病于北京安贞医院接受HAR治疗,男76例,女11例;年龄(62.2±9.6)岁。2例为0区,46例为1区,39例为2区。结果:5例(5.7%)手...     

鞘转流系统辅助下胸主动脉腔内修复术联合原位激光开窗治疗主动脉弓部病变的临床结果

目的:探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）联合原位激光开窗（ISLF）处理主动脉弓部病变的有效性和安全性,并分析通过鞘临时转流系统在术中维持脑灌注的临床结果。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院接受TEVAR联合ISLF完成了累及主动脉弓部病变的腔内修复术并应用血管鞘进行...     

主动脉弓降部病变的外科综合治疗

目的探讨开胸体外循环直视手术、解剖外旁路联合动脉腔内修复(endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR)杂交手术以及完全EVAR手术治疗主动脉弓降部病变的方法及疗效。方法 2006年10月-2011年9月,收治48例主动脉弓降部病变患者。男31例,女17例;年龄28～81岁,平均52.4岁。病程1～90 d,平均10.2 d。累及弓部分支的B型主动脉夹层30例,主动脉弓降部真性动脉瘤11例,主动脉弓降部假性动脉瘤3例,主动脉弓穿透性溃疡伴壁间血肿3例,主动脉食管瘘1例。15例行开胸体外循环直视手术,12例行解剖外旁路联合EVAR杂交手术,21例行完全EVAR手术。结果开胸体外循环直视手术患者中术后发生出血1例,昏迷1例,短暂精神症状3例,肺炎4例,急性肾功能不全2例,多器官功能衰竭2例;最终3例死亡。解剖外旁路联合EVAR杂交手术患者术后1例出现右顶枕叶大面积梗死伴肺炎、肾功能衰竭。完全EVAR术后无并发症发生。术后41例获随访,随访时间2～60个月,平均28.6个月。3例患者出现左锁骨下动脉窃血综合征表现,因症状轻微,未予特殊处理,均自行缓解。其余患者均恢复正常生活。结论对于主动脉弓降部病变,采用开胸体外循环直视手术创伤大、风险高,将逐步被EVAR替代,解剖外旁路联合EVAR杂交手术是治疗此病变的重要方法,完全EVAR手术是其发展方向。     

主动脉弓部腔内修复术后近端逆撕的预防与处理

<正>Stanford B型主动脉夹层(type B arotic dissection,TBAD)是一种威胁生命的急危重症,目前最常用的手术治疗方法是胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)^[1,2]。经过近20年的临床结果验证,TEVAR已取得理想的治疗效果,且效果更优于药物治疗和开放手术治疗的结果^[3.4]。结合其他腔内技术和复合手术技术时,TEVAR也可解决部分弓部病变;然而,该手术仍有自身缺陷,暂时没有摆脱术后严重并发症的困扰。     

杂交技术治疗主动脉弓降部病变的临床研究

目的:探讨杂交技术治疗主动脉弓降部病变的效果。方法:采用杂交技术(解剖外旁路联合血管腔内修复术)手术治疗10例患者,包括累及主动脉弓部分支的B型主动脉夹层4例和主动脉弓降部真性动脉瘤6例。其中左颈总动脉至左椎动脉旁路1例,右颈总动脉至左颈总动脉旁路5例,右颈总动脉至左颈总动脉及左颈总动脉至左锁骨下动脉旁路1例和升主动脉至无名动脉及左颈总动脉旁路3例。均经股动脉入路植入覆膜支架。结果:10例患者均获得技术成功,1例发生少量I型内漏,未处理。术后1例因脑梗塞伴肺炎、肾功能衰竭不治自动出院;其余9例均痊愈出院。9例随访时间3～33个月,均恢复正常生活,术后3个月CTA示:覆膜支架无移位,1例内漏已消失,无新的内漏发生,夹层假腔或动脉瘤腔内已有血栓形成,远端夹层假腔无明显扩大,旁路人工血管通畅。结论:杂交手术避免体外循环损害,减轻外科手术创伤,提高了治疗效果,是治疗累及分支的主动脉弓降部病变的重要方法。     

升主动脉及主动脉弓部病变的腔内技术应用

目前血管腔内修复术（endo vascular repair，EVR）在胸主动脉疾病中的应用越来越广泛，经过十多年的临床经验可以确认EVR创伤小、恢复快、疗效确切，故腔内治疗目前已呈现出取代传统开放性手术成为主动脉疾病治疗首选的趋势，本篇综述回顾了从EVR开始应用于胸主动脉疾病到目前的主要文献，较详细地阐述了目前EVR泊疗升主动脉及弓部病变的各种方法。     

杂交技术治疗主动脉弓部病变的近远期结果

目的 探讨杂交技术治疗主动脉弓部病变的近、远期结果.方法 将我科2002年10月至2011年3月期间的28例胸主动脉瘤或夹层累及主动脉弓的患者纳入本研究.男22例,女6例;平均年龄68岁.15例为动脉粥样硬化性胸主动脉瘤,13例为主动脉夹层.术后3、6、12个月及每年进行CT血管造影或B超随访.主要研究内容是手术死亡率、并发症发生率及远期生存率.结果 12例开胸行全弓旁路术,左侧颈总-左侧锁骨下动脉旁路3例,右侧颈总-左侧颈总-左侧锁骨下动脉旁路11例,右侧颈总-左侧颈总动脉旁路2例.技术成功率为92.9%(26/28),并发症发生率为35.7%(10/28),手术死亡率为7.1%(2/28),脑卒中发生率为7.1%(2/28).随访时间(36±3)个月,1年通畅率为100%,3年通畅率为92.9%(26/28),5年通畅率85.7%(24/28);1年生存率为89.3%(25/28),3年生存率为71.4%(20/28),5年生存率为60.7%(17/28).结论 主动脉夹层弓部病变杂交手术的近、远期结果满意,进一步降低并发症发生率将会提高患者生存率.     

Outcomes of single physician-modified fenestrated stent grafts for endovascular repair of thoracic aortic lesions involving the distal aortic arch

OBJECTIVESOur goal was to evaluate the outcomes of fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair of thoracic aortic lesions involving the distal aortic arch using single physician-modified stent grafts.Open in a separate windowMETHODSThis single-centre, retrospective study included 58 consecutive patients (mean age, 57 ± 14 years; 11 women) who underwent fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair for thoracic aortic pathologies involving the distal aortic arch using single physician-modified stent grafts between November 2015 and December 2018. Indications included complicated acute type B dissection or intramural haematoma with an unfavourable proximal landing zone (n = 49), type Ia endoleak subsequent to thoracic endovascular aortic repair due to acute type B dissection (n = 1) and distal arch degenerative aneurysms <15 mm from the left subclavian artery (n = 8).RESULTSThe technical success rate was 94.8%. The 30-day mortality was 1.7%, and the perioperative ischaemic stroke rate was 1.7%. The incidence of perioperative complications was 10.3%. At a mean follow-up of 26.3 months (range, 7–44), all target vessels were patent. All-cause mortality was 5.2%. Estimated 1-, 2- and 3-year survival was 98.3 ± 1.7%, 96.4 ± 2.5% and 93.2 ± 3.9%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe single fenestrated stent graft technique is feasible and effective for endovascular repair of thoracic aortic pathologies involving the distal aortic arch.     

"烟囱"技术在主动脉弓病变腔内修复术中的应用

目的 探讨"烟囱"技术在主动脉弓腔内修复术中应用的可行性.方法 针对近端锚定区偏短的主动脉弓病变,在腔内修复过程中先覆盖重要主动脉弓分支血管,然后通过腔内技术在被覆盖的分支血管内行"烟囱"支架置入术.回顾性统计2004年8月至2009年8月应用"烟囱"技术处理病变的临床资料,分析应用"烟囱"技术的原因、方法、结果和并发症状况等.结果 本组共27例主动脉弓病变腔内修复技术中应用了"烟囱"技术,男性25例,女性2例.年龄37～84岁,平均(67.2±3.8)岁.针对无名动脉的"烟囱"技术3例,针对左颈总动脉的"烟囱"技术11例,针对左锁骨下动脉的"烟囱"技术13例.5例术后即刻造影提示存在少量I型内漏(18.5%).1例术中因左颈总动脉穿刺造成了该动脉夹层.1例术后因呼吸衰竭死亡.无中风、出血等并发症发生.随访时间3～60个月,平均(16.8±5.9)个月.1例次要脑梗死,1例"烟囱"支架闭塞.1例术后4年因心肌梗死死亡.所有I型内漏均消失,无支架型血管和"烟囱"支架移位等并发症.结论 "烟囱"技术有效提高了锚定区长度,能很好的降低I型内漏的发生率.但应严格选择适应证,防止可能带来的并发症.     

腔内隔绝术联合开窗技术治疗累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的临床研究

目的 总结腔内隔绝术联合开窗技术治疗累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的可行性和手术效果.方法 采用腔内隔绝术联合开窗技术治疗10例累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤.腔内隔绝术联合开窗技术封堵夹层破口,保留主动脉弓全部分支8例,保留头臂干及颈总动脉2例.手术均在局部麻醉下完成,覆膜支架开窗在术中进行.结果 患者术中造影无内漏,术后无死亡,2例左锁骨下动脉封堵的患者未出现神经系统并发症.随访中,开窗支架通畅,无移位,保留的主动脉弓分支动脉通畅,降主动脉真腔扩大,假腔血栓化并缩小.结论 对于累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤,腔内隔绝术联合开窗技术治疗是安全有效的治疗方法.     

Elephant trunk technique for hybrid aortic arch repair

The original elephant trunk technique was developed by Borst in 1983 for the treatment of aortic arch aneurysms. This technique reduced operative risks, but was associated with cumulative mortality rates of 6.9 % for the first stage and 7.5 % for the second stage. Patients also waited a long time between two major surgical procedures. Only 50.4 % of patients underwent the second-stage surgery, and there was a significant interval mortality rate of 10.7 %. With the advent of stent-graft techniques, two different hybrid elephant trunk techniques were developed. One technique is first-stage elephant trunk graft placement followed by second-stage endovascular completion. The conventional elephant trunk graft provides a good landing zone for the stent-graft, and endovascular completion is a useful alternative to conventional second-stage surgery. This method has few major complications, and a postoperative paraplegia rate of 1.1 %. The other technique is the frozen elephant trunk technique. This technique eliminates the need for subsequent endovascular completion, and is particularly useful for the treatment of acute type A dissection because it can achieve a secure seal. However, it is associated with a higher rate of spinal cord ischemia than other methods such as the original elephant trunk technique. The left subclavian artery (LSA) is often lost when performing a hybrid elephant trunk procedure. Revascularization of the LSA should be performed to prevent arm ischemia and neurological complications such as paraplegia or stroke, although the level of evidence for this recommendation is low.     

主动脉定制开窗支架治疗主动脉弓动脉瘤中国首例报告（附视频）

背景与目的：胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）治疗胸主动脉病变已逐渐成为一线手术方案。然而,受限于主动脉弓部复杂解剖结构,在治疗病变的同时如何有效重建弓部分支动脉是应用当前标准化产品常有的困境。鉴于此,笔者团队与支架厂家合作开发了Castor胸主动脉定制开窗覆膜支架（以下简称Castor定制开窗支架）,并实施了国内首例Castor定制开窗支架的置入。本文对此作一汇报。方法：报告国内首例Castor定制开窗支架置入病例的临床资料、支架定制情况与手术过程,并进行Castor定制开窗支架的优缺点分析与相关文献复习。结果：患者为59岁男性,于TEVAR术后14年发生主动脉弓部动脉瘤,病变累及左侧锁骨下动脉（LSA）、左颈总动脉（LCCA）。经患者及家属同意后采用Castor定制开窗支架隔绝动脉瘤,手术规划拟采用Castor定制开窗支架隔绝动脉瘤,将Castor支架分支置入LCCA;术前定制开窗分别重建无名动脉（IA）和LSA。术中成功置入Castor单分支支架并顺利重建弓部三根分支动脉,术后复查结果提示动脉瘤隔绝满意无内漏,弓部三根分支动脉通畅,同时无主动脉相关不良事件的发生。结论：Castor...     

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??Objective:To discuss the methods of Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for artic arch aneurysm or dissection. Methods:From Sep.1998 to Feb.2006,63 cases related with the super??arch branches.Three methods were used in the lesions with left subclavain artery (LSA) invasion only,covering the LSA without reconstruction,LSA bypass before EVAR or covering LSA completely and then re??open it by endovascular technique.To the lesions with LSA and left common carotid artery (LCCA) invasion,a traditional bypass of LCCA and LSA was done before EVAR,or covering most of LCCA first,and then reconstructed it through LCCA by endovascular technique.To the lesions with three super??arch branches invasion,a bifurcated stent??graft was planted for reconstructing the artic arch. Results:LSA was treated in 54 cases,LSA and LCCA were treated in 8 cases and all of the super??arch branch arteries were treated in 1 case.All of the auxiliary techniques were enforced successfully.The primary average systolic pressure of left brachial artery was ??62.6±24.2??mmHg in cases without LSA reconstruction.The 30??days endoleak rate was 17.5%. Conclusion:Covering the LSA is safe to the patients with normal contraliteral vertebral and basilar artery.EVAR combined with supplementary techniques can expand the EVAR indications of aortic arch lesions.The long term result still keep in follow up.     

Novel technique for aortic arch surgery under mild hypothermia

We present our initial experience in 5 patients for open aortic arch repair with continuous antegrade perfusion of the brain and of the lower body by means of direct cannulation of the right axillary artery and of the descending aorta with a venous cannula (DLP 91037 cannula [Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN]) for systemic perfusion under mild hypothermia (30 degrees C). This mode of perfusion allows safe open repair of the aortic arch, short aortic cross clamping, and CPB times associated to all the known advantages of the mild hypothermia; this technique could have the potential to be generally applicable in surgeries for aortic arch repairs after further evaluation.     

主动脉弓部病变腔内修复术的研究

目的探讨进行腔内修复术(EVAR)时头、臂动脉的处理方案。方法1998年9月至2006年2月,共63例EVAR涉及到头、臂动脉的处理。左锁骨下动脉的处理:一期部分或全部覆盖;不行重建;先外科重建,然后腔内覆盖;完全腔内重建。左颈总动脉的处理:先外科重建,然后腔内覆盖;腔内覆盖大部分,然后腔内重建。无名动脉的处理:先外科重建左颈总动脉和左锁骨下动脉,然后应用分叉支架型血管完全重建主动脉弓。结果54例仅须处理左锁骨下动脉,8例须处理左颈总动脉和左锁骨下动脉,1例须处理弓上3分支血管。所有辅助技术均取得成功。左锁骨下动脉未进行重建者术后左肱动脉平均收缩压(62.6±24.2)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。EVAR后30d内漏发生率17.5%。结论对有选择的病人,一期覆盖左锁骨下动脉是安全的。通过辅助技术,可以扩大EVAR的手术适应证。长期结果须行进一步随访。