急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克机械循环辅助治疗进展

机械循环辅助在急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克治疗中的作用日益显著,可以稳定血流动力学状态,保证再灌注治疗的实施.循环辅助装置中主动脉内球囊反搏应用最为成熟,但支持强度、效果有限;心室辅助装置能提供长时间较强的循环支持,疗效肯定,但费用高,并发症较多;新的短期循环支持系统可经皮穿刺植入,创伤小且无需体外循环,是今后的发展方向.     

急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的当代治疗策略及技术

急性心肌梗死(AMI)并发心源性休克(CS)由于医学情况复杂及技术更新较快,在循证医学研究方面仍有较多领域亟待完善,具体临床实践中的关键治疗措施仍存在诸多争议.本文结合最新的研究证据和临床指南推荐,分析SCAI分期对治疗的指导、血流动力学改善药物的使用、血运重建及机械循环辅助的选择,以期在多学科团队的协助下,提高AMI...     

急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克治疗的研究进展

心源性休克是急性心肌梗死病人死亡率增高的主要原因。尽管接受了急诊血运重建、机械循环辅助支持及多种血管活性药物治疗,急性心肌梗死相关心源性休克的发病率及死亡率较高,且病人预后差,疾病负担重,是心血管领域的急危重症,因而对此类危重病人的有效管理至关重要。结合国内外相关研究,综述急性心肌梗死相关心源性休克诊治的研究进展。     

急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克诊治进展

心源性休克(CS)是急性心肌梗死(AMI)最严重的并发症之一,也是导致患者死亡最常见的原因。血管活性药物、机械循环支持、早期血运重建等措施广泛应用于AMI合并CS的急诊救治,但AMI合并CS的病死率仍居高不下。本文主要探讨近年来AMI合并CS的临床诊治进展。     

心源性休克的机械循环辅助装置治疗进展

机械循环辅助在心源性休克的救治中起着日益重要的作用,可纠正患者的血流动力学紊乱状态,保障再灌注治疗的实施.其中主动脉内球囊反搏最常用也最为成熟;心室辅助装置在逆转休克的血流动力学和代谢参数方面优于标准主动脉内球囊反搏治疗,近年来,经皮左室辅助装置逐渐应用于临床,其创伤小且无需体外循环,是今后的发展方向;目前体外膜氧合器多用在爆发性心肌炎或心脏外科术后支持,其应用于急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克治疗的证据不足,有待于更大规模的临床研究验证.未来循环辅助装置的发展方向是体积小、微创、植入和撤除方便、组织相容性好、辅助效果确切.     

心肌梗死相关性心源性休克血运重建的研究进展

心肌梗死后并发心源性休克通常与高死亡率相关,冠状动脉血运重建可提高生存率,但最佳血运重建策略仍存在争议.现探讨心肌梗死相关性心源性休克血运重建的相关研究进展.     

急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的监护

本资料为我院2001年8月～2002年4月间急诊科救治的急性心肌梗死(AMI)并发心源性休克者共8例。其中男性7例,女性1例,平均年龄42～68岁。经过积极救治及严密监护后,均取得显著效果。     

急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的研究进展

心源性休克是急性心肌梗死的严重并发症 ,是引起急性心肌梗死患者死亡的主要原因。本文综述了急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克在定义、发生机制和治疗等方面的研究进展。     

体外心室辅助治疗心源性休克的临床应用现况

心源性休克常发于终末期心力衰竭(心衰)急性恶化以及急性心肌梗死患者,是由于各种原因导致的心脏泵功能严重衰退,造成血流动力学急剧不稳、重要器官灌注严重不足的临床综合征,是心衰患者死亡的重要原因.在最佳药物治疗和行冠状动脉(冠脉)血管再通术等非药物治疗措施无效后,这类患者可以使用短期机械循环辅助系统,借此维持血流动力学稳定...     

急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的临床特征

目的分析急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克患者的临床特征。方法连续收集我院1995年2005年初发急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者资料,按照是否有心源性休克分为两组。分析患者一般情况、化验指标、危险因素、并发症和病死率的差异。结果休克组年龄显著高于非休克组[（70±9）岁vs（63±12）岁,P<0.01];两组间血清磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、WBC和电解质水平无显著差异;休克组吸烟者明显少于非休克组（19%vs52%,P<0.01）,其他危险因素无显著差异;休克组心律失常和心脏破裂的发生率显著增高,病死率明显高于非休克组（83%vs8%,P<0.01）。结论高龄是心肌梗死并发心源性休克的关键因素之一,心源性休克患者临床情况更为凶险,预后不良。     

急性心肌梗死并心源性休克的诊断与治疗

心源性休克是急性心肌梗死(ＡＭＩ心梗)伴泵衰竭的最严重临床表现,与左心室心肌的广泛损害有关。85%的心源性休克是由于左心功能衰竭(心衰)所引起[1],当40%或以上的左心室心肌受损害时常出现心源性休克,其余病人可能有机械性障碍,如室间隔缺损,乳头肌功能不全等,或有严重的右心室心肌梗塞。ＡＭＩ并心源性休克的发生率在70年代以前为15%,现降至5%～7%。心源性休克的临床特征为左心室充盈压增高,心输出量下降,低血压和重要器官灌注低下。ＡＭＩ并心源性休克多为老年人、女性病人、有心梗史或心衰史、或有前壁心梗的病人,约50%的心源性休克患…     

Left main coronary artery transradial rescue percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock with Impella ventricular mechanical support

Mechanical ventricular assist support and especially Impella device that is implanted via femoral access are considered a cornerstone in the therapeutic arsenal of the management of cardiogenic shock. Indeed, the potent antithrombotic agents administered during acute coronary syndromes constitute potential bleeding risk factors. Transradial interventions are nowadays widely used in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. However, some operators feel uncomfortable with the transradial approach when facing cardiogenic shock. We report a case of transradial rescue percutaneous intervention for cardiogenic shock in a young man with support of an Impella device via femoral access.     

Randomized comparison of intra-aortic balloon support with a percutaneous left ventricular assist device in patients with revascularized acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock.

AIMS: Mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unacceptably high despite percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the infarcted artery and use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation. A newly developed percutaneous left ventricular assist device (VAD) (Tandem Heart, Cardiac Assist, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) with active circulatory support might have positive haemodynamic effects and decrease mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients in CS after AMI, with intended PCI of the infarcted artery, were randomized to either IABP (n=20) or percutaneous VAD support (n=21). The primary outcome measure cardiac power index, as well as other haemodynamic and metabolic variables, could be improved more effectively by VAD support from 0.22 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.19-0.30] to 0.37 W/m2 (IQR 0.30-0.47, P<0.001) when compared with IABP from 0.22 (IQR 0.18-0.30) to 0.28 W/m2 (IQR 0.24-0.36, P=0.02; P=0.004 for intergroup comparison). However, complications like severe bleeding (n=19 vs. n=8, P=0.002) or limb ischaemia (n=7 vs. n=0, P=0.009) were encountered more frequently after VAD support, whereas 30 day mortality was similar (IABP 45% vs. VAD 43%, log-rank, P=0.86). CONCLUSION: Haemodynamic and metabolic parameters can be reversed more effectively by VAD than by standard treatment with IABP. However, more complications were encountered by the highly invasive procedure and by the extracorporeal support.     

冠状动脉内支架术治疗急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的临床评价

目的　观察急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的状态下 ,紧急冠状动脉内支架术对挽救患者生命的疗效及安全性。方法　急性前壁心肌梗死患者 15例 ,平均年龄 (70 1± 8 4)岁 ,动脉血压 <85 / 6 0mmHg(1mmHg=0 133kPa) ,心动超声检查射血分数 (EF) <42 % ,伴有明确的急性泵衰竭征象。患者发病 2 4h内紧急行左前降支冠状动脉支架术 ,其中 4例同时行右冠状动脉内支架术 ,3例行回旋支冠状动脉内支架术。介入治疗术前及术后观察血压、心率 ,应用心动超声测定心功能变化情况。结果　 15例患者支架术后完全阻塞的左前降支血管再通良好 ,术后 30min血压与术前比较明显升高[收缩压 (10 6 0± 11 8)vs (76 2± 4 9)mmHg ,P <0 0 1;舒张压 (82 4± 9 7)vs (5 6 2± 6 1)mmHg ,P<0 0 1];心率明显下降 [(79 2± 8 4)vs (10 9 2± 9 1)次 /分 ,P <0 0 1]。术后 4h ,心动超声测定心功能明显改善 [EF(48 8± 4 7) %vs (34 3± 4 5 ) % ,P <0 0 1]。结论　急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克状态时 ,尤其是年老患者 ,治疗的关键是尽早使完全阻塞的血管再通 ,而冠状动脉内支架术是十分有效和较安全的治疗方法。     

Emergency percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support in cardiogenic shock from acute myocardial infarction

Emergency percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support was instituted in 8 consecutive patients, ages 42 to 80 years, in cardiogenic shock for 30 to 180 minutes (mean 106) due to acute myocardial infarction. The location of the infarction was inferior in 4, anterior in 3 and lateral in 1. Four patients had a history of prior myocardial infarction. Two patients were in cardiac arrest; the remaining 6 had a mean blood pressure of 43 to 55 mm Hg before the bypass. Five had pulmonary capillary Wedge pressure greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg. One patient, with a right ventricular infarction, had a pulmonary wedge pressure of 10 mm Hg. Percutaneous insertion of 20Fr cannulas was carried out. Flow rates of 3.2 to 5.2 liters/min were achieved. Two patients in cardiac arrest regained consciousness while still in ventricular fibrillation or asystole. Left ventricular ejection fraction ranged from 17 to 40% (mean 32). One patient had left main, 4 had multivessel, and 4 had 1-vessel coronary disease. Seven patients had successful angioplasty of 15 of 16 lesions attempted, with all infarct-related vessels successfully dilated. One patient had lesions unsuitable for either bypass or angioplasty and died. Need for blood transfusion was the most frequent complication. One patient required surgical repair of the femoral artery. All 7 patients are alive at a mean follow-up of 8.2 months. It is concluded that cardiopulmonary bypass can be safely instituted percutaneously, hemodynamically stabilize patients in cardiogenic shock and facilitate emergency complex coronary angioplasty, which may be life-saving.     

主动脉内球囊反搏术在急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者冠状动脉介入术中的疗效评估

目的评价急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者行急诊介入治疗时常规主动脉内球囊反搏术（IABP）的可行性及有效性。方法41例在IABP支持下行急诊介入治疗的合并心源性休克的急性心肌梗死患者为治疗组,将同期行急诊介入治疗但没有行IABP支持的合并心源性休克的急性心肌梗死患者47例设为对照组 比较两组术后2周、3个月的左室功能,评价2组术后30天以及3个月的MACE事件发生率。结果IABP组患者术后2周、3个月的左室功能较对照组明显改善（43.8%±8.2%比39.4%±5.9%,45.5%±6.6%比40.6%±4.6%,P均〈0.05） 两组患者术后30天（16/41比30/47）、3个月（18/41比33/47）的MACE事件差异也有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）,其中IABP组在降低术后30天、3个月的死亡率方面尤为明显（30天16/41比对照组30/47,3个月18/41比对照组33/47,P均〈0.05）。结论对合并心源性休克的急性心肌梗死患者行急诊PCI同时采用IABP支持治疗能有效改善左室功能和减少主要心血管不良事件的发生率。     

Coronary stenting in acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock

AIM: To assess immediate and long-term results of urgent coronary stenting in patients with cardiogenic shock. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty three patients (15 men, 8 women mean age 58-/+12 years) with myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock treated with vasopressors and intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP). Culprit lesions were localized in left anterior descending and right coronary arteries in 16 and 7 cases, respectively. Prior to stenting 18 and 5 patients had TIMI grade 0 and 1 flow, respectively. RESULTS: Stents (n=26, Seaquence and Ephesos, length 12-28 mm, diameter 2-3.5 mm) were successfully implanted in all patients after balloon predilation. After stenting TIMI grade 3 flow was achieved in 15 patients, 8 patients had TIMI-2 flow without angiographic signs of dissection or residual stenosis. There were 4 inhospital deaths and 19 patients (83%) were discharged. One angioplasty and 2 coronary artery bypass grafting procedures because of restenosis and reocclusion were successfully performed during first 4 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Urgent stenting combined with IABP was effective method of treatment of cardiogenic shock with 83% inhospital survival and 61% freedom from repeat revascularization.